I-DBMS ikhusela, iququzelele kwaye iLawule idatha yakho
Inkqubo yokulawulwa kwedatha (iDBMS) isofthiwe evumela ikhompyutha ukuba igcine, ibuyise, yongeze, isuse, kwaye iguqule idatha. I-DBMS ilawula zonke iinkalo eziphambili zedatha, kuquka ukulawula ukuphathwa kwedatha, njengokungqinisiswa komsebenzisi, kunye nokufaka okanye ukukhipha idatha. I-DBMS ichaza into ebizwa ngokuba yi- schema yedatha , okanye isakhiwo apho idatha igcinwa khona.
Izixhobo esisebenzisayo zonke iintsuku zidinga i-DBMS emva kweemifanekiso. Oku kubandakanya ii-ATM, iinkqubo zokubhuka kwendiza, iinkqubo zokuthengiswa kweevenkile, kunye neencwadi zethala leencwadi, ngokomzekelo.
Iinkqubo zokulawulwa kwedatha yolwazi (RDBMS) zizalisekisa imodeli yobudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane.
Imvelaphi kwiinkqubo zoLawulo lweDatabase
Ixesha leDBMS liye lajikeleza ukususela nge-1960, xa i-IBM ivelise umzekelo wokuqala weDBMS obizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yoLwazi lweeNkcukacha (IMS), apho idatha yagcinwa kwikhompyutheni kwisakhiwo somthi ophezulu. Izicwangciso zedatha zodwa zaxhunyiwe kuphela phakathi kweengxelo zomzali kunye nomntwana.
Isizukulwana esilandelayo seenkcukacha zisekhompyutheni ze-DBMS, ezazama ukuxazulula ezinye zeemilinganiselo zezinto ezizimeleyo ngokuqulunqa ubudlelwane obuninzi phakathi kweedatha. Oku kwasithatha kwii-1970 xa imodeli yokuxhaswa kweenkcukacha ezisekelwe kwi-database yasungulwa ngu-IBM u-Edgar F. Codd, ngokoqobo ubaba we-DBMS yobudlelwane banamhlanje esiyaziyo namhlanje.
Iimpawu zeDBMS zamanqanaba aMhla
Iinkqubo zokulawulwa kwedatha yolwazi (RDBMS) zizalisekisa imodeli yobudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane. Umngeni wokuqala we-DBMS wobudlelwane bokuyila ukugcina ingqibelelo yedatha, ekhusela ukuchaneka nokuhambelana kwedatha. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngoluhlu lwesithintelo kunye nemithetho kwi-data ukuphepha ukuphinda ukuphindaphinda okanye ukulahlekelwa kwedatha.
I-DBMS ikwalawula kwakhona ukufikelela kwiziko ledatha ngokugunyaziswa, elingasetyenziswa kumanqanaba athile. Ngokomzekelo, abaphathi okanye abalawuli banokufikelela kwi-data engabonakali kwabanye abasebenzi, okanye banokuba negunya lokuhlela idatha ngelixa abanye abasebenzisi banokukujonga kuphela.
Uninzi lwe-DBMS lusebenzisa ulwimi oluthile lwemibuzo ye-SQL , enika indlela yokusebenzisana nolwazi lwesiseko. Enyanisweni, nangona i-database inika umfanekiso ocacileyo ovumela abasebenzisi ukuba babone ngokulula, ukhethe, uhlele, okanye usebenzise enye idatha, yi-SQL eyenza le mi sebenzi kwimvelaphi.
Imizekelo yeDBMS
Namhlanje, ezininzi zeDBMS zoshishino kunye nezivulekileyo ziyafumaneka. Enyanisweni, ukhetha i-database oyifunayo yinto enzima. I-market ye-DBMS ye-high-end yohlobo lwe-DBMS ilawulwa yi-Oracle, iMicrosoft SQL Server, kunye ne-IBM DB2, zonke iinketho ezithembekileyo kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo kunye neenkcukacha ezinkulu. Imibutho emincinci okanye ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, i-DBMS eyaziwayo yi-Microsoft Access kunye neFayileMaker Pro.
Ngoku kutshanje, ezinye ii-DBMS ezingabambisani zikhule ngokuthandwa. Le yintlambo ye-NoSQL, apho i-schema ecacileyo ye-RDBM ifakwe kwisakhiwo esithintekayo. Ezi zincedo ekugcineni nasekusebenzeni kunye neeseti zeenkcukacha ezinkulu ezibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweedatha. Abadlali abakhulu kule ndawo baquka i-MongoDB, iCassandra, i-HBase, i-Redis kunye ne-CouchDB.