Igama
fdisk - Umgca wecandelo lohlu lohlu lwe Linux
Isiqendu
fdisk [-u] [-b sectorsize ] [-C cyl ] [-H iinhloko ] [-S sects ] ifowuni
fdisk -l [-u] [ idivaysi ... ]
fdisk- isahlulo ...
fdisk -v
Inkcazo
Iidiski ezinzima zingahlula kwiidiski enye okanye ngaphezulu ezibizwa ngokuba yizahlulo . Eli candelo lichazwe kwitheyibhile yokuhlukanisa efumaneka kwicandelo 0 le disk.
Kwihlabathi le-BSD enye inokuthetha nge `disk slices 'kunye ne` disklabel'.
I-Linux idinga ubuncinane isahlulo esisodwa, oko kukuthi ifayile yenkcazo yayo. Ingasebenzisa iifayile zokutshintsha kunye / okanye ukutshintsha izahlulo, kodwa ezi zilandelayo zisebenza kakuhle. Ngoko, ngokuqhelekileyo omnye uya kufuna isahlulo sesibini se-Linux esizinikezelwe njengesahluko sokutshintsha. Kwi-hardware ehambelana ne-Intel, i- BIOS evula i-system inokufikelela kuphela kwii-cylinders zokuqala eziyi-1024 ze disk. Ngesi sizathu, abantu abaneediski ezinkulu bavame ukudala isahlulo sesithathu, i-MB kuphela ephakamileyo, ephakanyisiwe kwi / / boot , ukugcina umfanekiso wekernel kunye neefayile ezincedisayo ezifunekayo ngexesha lokuqalisa, ukwenzela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ezi zinto kufumaneka kwi-BIOS. Kukho izizathu zokukhusela, ukulungiswa kolawulo kunye nokulondoloza, okanye ukuvavanya, ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kweyona nombolo encinci yeesahlulo.
Sombulula imiba yokushicilela, gcina ixesha kunye ne-software yolawulo lomgca wokuprinta.
fdisk (kwindlela yokuqala yokucela) yinkqubo eqhutywe kwimenyu yokudala nokuphathwa kwetafile zohluhlu. Iqonda iintlobo zeesahluko zeDOS kunye ne-BSD okanye i-SUN type disklabels.
Isixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo sisinye sezi zinto zilandelayo:
/ dev / hda / dev / hdb / dev / sda / dev / sdb
(/ dev / hd [ah] kwiidiski ze-IDE, / dev / sd [ap] ze disks ze-SCSI, / dev / ed [ad] ze disks ze-ESDI, / dev / xd [ab] zee disks ze-XT). Igama lefowuni libhekisela kwidiski yonke.
Ukwahlula yigama lefowuni elilandelwa inombolo yenombolo. Ngokomzekelo, / dev / hda1 ngowokuqala ukwahlula kwi-disk yokuqala ye-IDE kwinkqubo. Iidiski zinokufikelela kwi-partition. Jonga kwakhona /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt .
Uhlobo lwe-BSD / SUN uhlobo lwe disklabel lunokuchaza 8 izahlulo, okwesithathu kwayo kufuneka ibe 'isahlulelo sese disk'. Ungaqali ukwahlula okwenene kusetyenziswa icandelo lokuqala (njengengxenye yokutshintsha) kwi-cylinder 0, kuba oko kuya kutshabalalisa i disklabel.
Uhlobo lwe-IRIX / i-SGI disklabel lunokuchaza ii-partitions, enye yeshumi elinanye kufuneka ibe lilonke 'isahlulo' somsebenzi, ngelixa inesithoba kufuneka ibhalwe 'intloko yevolumu'. I-header volume iya kuhlanganisa isithende sokuhlukanisa, oko kukuthi, iqala kwi-block zero kwaye iqhubeka ngokungagqibekanga kwii-cylinders ezintlanu. Indawo esele kwisihloko sevolumu ingasetyenziselwa zifayile zengeniso zezihloko. Akukho ziqendu ezinokuthi zenzeke nge-header volume. Kananjalo ungatshintshi uhlobo lwalo kwaye wenze enye ifayile kwifayile, kuba uya kulahlekelwa yitheyibhile yokuhlukanisa. Sebenzisa olu hlobo lwelebula kuphela xa usebenza neLinux kwiimishini ze-IRIX / SGI okanye ii disks ze-IRIX / SGI phantsi kwe-Linux.
I- DOS yefayile yesahlulo sokuhlukanisa iyakwazi ukuchaza inani elingenamkhawulo leesahlulo. Kwicandelo 0 kukho indawo yokuchazwa kwee-4 zeesahlulo (ebizwa 'yiprayimari'). Enye yezi zinto inokuba yinkqubo eyongezelelweyo; Le bhokisi ibambe ukwahlula okucacileyo, kunye neenkcukacha ezifunyenwe kwiluhlu oludibeneyo lwamacandelo, ngalinye lilandelelanisa ukwahlula okunengqiqo. Iziqendu ezine eziphambili, ezikhoyo okanye ezingekho, fumana amanani 1-4. Iingxenye zeengcamango ziqala ukubala ukusuka ku-5.
Kwi-DOS itheyibhile yohluhlu lokwahlula ekuqaleni kwaye ubukhulu besahlulo ngasinye sigcinwe ngeendlela ezimbini: njengenani elipheleleyo lamacandelo (anikezelwe kwiibhakthi ezingama-32) kunye ne-Cylinders / iiNtloko / iisekele ezintathu (ezinikezwe ngo-10 + 8 + 6 bits). Ixesha langaphambili lilungile - kunye namacandelo e-512-byte oku kuza kusebenza kwi-2 TB. Olu hlobo luneengxaki ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, ezi ndawo zeC / H / S zingagcwaliswa kuphela xa inani leenhloko kunye nenani lamacandelo ngomzila ngamnye lwaziwa. Okwesibini, nangona sisazi ukuba zeziphi iinombolo kufuneka zibe, ii-24 ezinobungozi ezikhoyo azikwazi. I-DOS isebenzisa iC / H / S kuphela, iWindows isebenzisa zombini, iLuxux ayisebenzisi iC / H / S.
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, i- fdisk izakufumana i-disk geometry ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku akunjalo ukuba i-disk geometry (ngokwenene, iidiski zanamhlanje alinanto injengejometri engokwenyama, ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho into engachazwa kwiifom elula / i-Heads / Sectors ifomu), kodwa i-disk geometry esebenzisa i-MS-DOS kwitheyibhile yokuhlukanisa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo konke kuhamba kakuhle, kwaye akukho ziingxaki ukuba i-Linux yinkqubo yodwa kwi disk. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba idisk kufuneka ibelwane ngezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza, ngokuqhelekileyo yinto efanelekileyo ukuvumela i-fdisk kwenye inkqubo yokusebenza yenza ubuncinane isahlulo esisodwa. Xa i-Linux ibhuqa ibheka ithala lokuhlukanisa, kwaye izama ukucinga ukuba yiyiphi inkohlakalo (geometry) efunekayo ukuze kubambisane kunye nezinye iisistimu.
Nanini na xa itheyibhile yoshicilelo ishicilelwa, ukutshekisha okuhambelanayo kwenziwa kwiingeniso zetafile zehlulo. Olu tshekishe liqinisekisa ukuba isiqalo sokuqala kunye nesigxina sinokufana, kwaye ukuba ukwahlula kuqale kwaye kuphelile kumda we-cylinder (ngaphandle kwesahlulo sokuqala).
Ezinye iinguqulelo ze-MS-DOS zenza isahlulo sokuqala esingaqala kumda we-cylinder, kodwa kwicandelo 2 le-cylinder yokuqala. Iziqendu eziqala kwi-cylinder 1 azikwazi ukuqala kumda we-cylinder, kodwa oku akunakwenzeka ukuba kubangele ubunzima ngaphandle kokuba ube ne-OS / 2 kumatshini wakho.
I-sync () kunye ne-BLKRRPART ioctl () (iphinda ifunde iitheyibhile ze-disk kwi disk) yenziwe ngaphambi kokuphuma xa itheyibhile yokuhlaziya ihlaziywa. Esidlulileyo esidlulileyo kwakufuneka kubalulekile ukuqala kwakhona emva kokusebenzisa i-fdisk. Andiyicingi into enjalo - ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuvuselela kwakhona ngokukhawuleza kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwedatha engabhalwanga. Qaphela ukuba zombini i-kernel kunye ne-disk hardware inokuthi ihlaziye idatha.
Imibuzo 6.x Isexwayiso
Umyalelo we-DOS 6.x we-FORMAT ubheka ulwazi oluthe ngqo kwicandelo lokuqala lendawo yedatha yesahlulo, kwaye luchukumisa olu lwazi njengoluthembekileyo ngakumbi kunolwazi kwitafile zokwahlula. I-DOS IFOMMI ilindele i-DOS FDISK ukucima ii-bytes zokuqala ezi-512 zendawo yedatha yesahlulo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho lukhulu. I-DOS IFOMMI iya kujonga le ngcaciso eyongezelelweyo nangona i-flag ye-U iyinikezelwa - siyicinga le ngxaki kwi-DOS FORMAT kunye ne-DOS FDISK.
Umgca wezantsi kukuba ukuba usebenzisa i-cfdisk okanye i-fdisk ukutshintsha ubukhulu be-DOS ukwahlula kwetafile, kufuneka usebenzise i- dd kwi-zero yokuqala ye-512 yeesahlulo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-DOS FORMAT ukufometha ukwahlula. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa i-cfdisk ukwenza i-DOS ukwahlula itafile yefayile ye-dev / hda1, ngoko (emva kokuphuma kwi-fdisk okanye i-cfdisk kunye nokuqalisa kwakhona iLuxux ukuze ukwaziswa kwetafile ekwahlukileyo kusebenze) usebenzise umyalelo "dd if = / dev / zero of = / dev / hda1 bs = 512 count = 1 "ukuya kwii-512 bytes zokuqala.
QAPHELA NGOKUQALA xa usebenzisa umyalelo we- dd , kuba i-typo encinci inokwenza yonke idatha kwi disk yakho engenakuncedo.
Ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, kufuneka uhlale usebenzisa inkqubo yeesetyu ekwahlukileyo ye-OS. Umzekelo, kufuneka wenze i-DOS ukwahlula ngeprogram ye-DOS FDISK kunye neengxenye zeLinux kunye ne-Linux fdisk okanye i-Linux program cfdisk.
Khetha
-b icandelo
Cacisa ubungakanani becandelo le disk. Iimpawu ezichanekileyo zi-512, 1024, okanye i-2048. (Ii-kernels zakutshanje ziyaziwa ngobukhulu becandelo. Sebenzisa le kuphela kwiikhenna ezindala okanye ukugqithisa izimvo zekernel.)
-C
Cacisa inani leesilinda ze diski. Andikwazi ukuba kutheni umntu afuna ukwenza njalo.
-I iintloko
Cacisa inani leentloko ze disk. (Akunjalo inamba yomzimba, yebo, kodwa inani elisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iitheyibhile.) Imilinganiselo eqikelelweyo i-255 kunye ne-16.
-Izicwangciso
Cacisa inani lamacandelo ngomzila wecisk. (Akusiyo inamba yomzimba, yebo, kodwa inombolo esetyenziselwa ukuhlula iitheyibhile.) Ixabiso elifanelekileyo lingama-63.
-l
Uluhlu lwetahlulo zohluhlu lweedivayisi ezicacisiweyo uze uphume. Ukuba akukho zixhobo ezinikezelwayo, ezo zikhankanywe kwi / / proc / partitions (ukuba zikhoyo) ziyasetyenziswa.
-u
Xa uluhlu lwetafile zohluhlu, zinika ubungakanani kumacandelo esikhundleni seesilinda.
-isabelo
Ubungakanani bokwahlula (kwiibhloko) uprintwa kwisiphumo esisezantsi.
-v
Phrinta inombolo yenkqubo ye fdisk kwaye uphume.