Isikhokelo soQala kwi-Linux

by UGary Newell

Intshayelelo

Njengoko umntu ucinga ukusebenzisa i-Linux okokuqala kukho ngokucacileyo ezinye izinto ofuna ukuzazi. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo eziza kunceda uqalise.

Uya kufunda ukuba yiyiphi i-Linux, kutheni kufanele ukuyisebenzise, yiyiphi i-Linux distributions, indlela yokuyifaka, indlela yokusebenzisa i-terminal, indlela yokwenza i-hardware kunye nezinye izakhono eziphambili.

Cofa kwi-intloko nganye kwento ukujonga ibhloko elipheleleyo.

01 ngo-15

Yintoni iLinux

Fedora Linux.

I-Linux yinkqubo yokusetyenziswa esetyenziswayo ukugunyaza inkoliso yeenkqubo ezivela kwiibhola ezikhanyayo ukuya kwiibhamu, ii-laptops kumaziko amakhulu ekhompyutha.

I-Linux inamandla onke ukusuka kwifowuni yakho ukuya kwifriji yakho ye-smart.

Kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutha i-Linux inikeza enye indlela kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zorhwebo ezifana ne-Windows. Kaninzi "

02 we-15

Kutheni usebenzise iLinux ngaphezu kweWindows?

I-Linux epheleleyo yeDesktop.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba ungasebenzisa iLuxux kwiWindows kwaye apha zimbalwa zazo.

I-Linux ixhaswa kwiikhomputha ezidala. Nangona i-Windows XP iya kuqhubeka isebenza kwi-hardware endala ayisekho inkxaso, ngoko akukho zibuyekezo zokhuseleko. Kukho inani lezabelo zeLuxux ezenziwe ngokukodwa kwiihadi elidala kunye kwaye zigcinwa kwaye zihlaziywa rhoqo.
Ezinye ii-Linux kunye neendawo zedesktop ziyaziwa ngokubanzi kubasebenzisi bekhompyutheni bendabuko kune-Windows 8 kunye ne-Windows 10. Ukuba uthanda i-Windows 7 ibonakala kwaye uzive ukuba kutheni ungazami i Linux Mint ngokomzekelo.
Ubungakanani befowuni yeWindows 10 bukhulu. Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux eqhelekileyo kungena kwi-gigabyte engaphezulu kwe-1 nangona unako ukufumana ezinye ezingama-megabyte ambalwa. I-Windows idinga ubuncinane i-DVD ye-bandwidth.
I-Linux nqanawa ekhululekile ukusebenzisa isoftware kwaye ungatshintsha kwaye usebenzise le software njengokuba uthanda.
I-Linux isoloko ikhuselekile ngakumbi kuneWindows kwaye kukho iincinci ezincinci kwiLuxux, nangona i-intanethi yezinto sele ijoliswe ngaphambili.
I-Linux yenza ngcono kune-Windows ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye unako ukucima ngaphezulu kokuhla kwezinto zokugcina ezixhobo ezikhulileyo kunye nezithintelo
Ubumfihlo. IWindows ifowuni ifowuni ifowuni kunye nedatha eqokelelwe ngeCortana kunye nokukhangela ngokubanzi. Nangona kungekhona into entsha kwaye ngokucacileyo iGoogle yenza into efanayo ukuba unokuqiniseka ngakumbi ukuba iLinux ayenzi okufanayo ngokukodwa xa ukhetha ukusasazwa kweentlalo zamahhala.
Ukuthembeka. Xa inkqubo ixhomekeke kwi-Linux ungayibulala ngokulula. Xa inkqubo ixhomekeke kwiWindows nangona uzama kwaye usebenze umphathi wezinto ukuwubulala inkqubo ekhubekileyo ayisoloko ivumela ukuba ihambe.
Uhlaziyo. I-Windows inqabile kakhulu ngomgaqo wayo wokuhlaziya. Zingaphi izihlandlo oziphendulele kukhompyutha ukuba uprinte iikitikiti zekhonsathi okanye olunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo ukuze ubone amagama afake ukuhlaziywa 1 kwe-450?
Ezahlukileyo. Unokwenza i-Linux ibonakale, uzive kwaye uziphathe ngendlela ofuna ngayo. Nge-Windows, ikhompyutheni iziphatha ngokufanayo njengoko iMicrosoft icinga ukuba ufuna.

Ukuba awusayi kucacisa ukukhangela esi sikhokelo esinceda ukuba unqume ukuba i-Linux ilungile yini kuwe. Kaninzi "

03 we-15

Yiyiphi iLinux Distribution okufanele Uyenzise?

Elementary OS.

Umbuzo wokuqala uza kuba "Ulwabiwo lwe-Linux?". Kulula nje i-Linux kernel injengenjini. Ukuhanjiswa kuyisithuthi esenzayo injini.

Ngoko yeyiphi i-distribution oyifanele ukhethe? Ndincoma ukuchofoza ikhonkco ngolwazi olupheleleyo kodwa ngesishwankathelo:

I-Linux Mint - Ifuna ubuchwepheshe beekhompyutheni eziphantsi, kulula ukuyifaka, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye ne desktop ejongene ne-Windows 7 yabasebenzisi
Debian - Kwalabo abafuna ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux ekhululekileyo engenakho abaqhubi be-proprietary, i-firmware okanye isofthiwe koko iDebian yimi. Umkhulu ka Linux
Ubuntu - Ukusabalalisa kweLinux kwanamhlanje kulula ukuyifaka kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa
kuvulwaSUSE - Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux ezinzile kunye namandla. Akunakulula ukuyifaka njenge-Mint kunye no-Ubuntu kodwa enye into enhle kakhulu
I-Fedora - Eyona nto isesikweni ngokusasazwa kwe-Linux nazo zonke iikhontrakthi ezintsha ezifakwe kwithuba lokuqala
I-Mageia - I-Rose esuka emlonyeni we-Mandriva Linux ngaphambili. Kulula ukuyifaka kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa
I-CentOS - Njengo-Fedora, i-CentOS isekelwe kwi-Linux distribution distribution, i-Red Hat Linux. Ngokungafani ne-Fedora, yakhelwe ukuzinza
I-Manjaro - Isekelwe kwi-Arch Linux, iManjaro inikeza ibhalansi enkulu phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-software kunye ne-software yangoku
I-LXLE - Ngokusekelwe ekuhanjisweni okungekho lula kwe-Lubuntu oku kunikeza ukunikezelwa kwe-Linux ngokugcwele kwiihadi elidala
I-Arch - Ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kokukhupha kuthetha ukuba akufuneki ukufaka iinguqulelo ezintsha zenkqubo yokusebenza nantoni naxa kuba ihlaziya ngokwayo. Kunzima kunokuba umsebenzisi omtsha afikeleleke kodwa enamandla kakhulu
Elementary - Linux kubantu abafana ne-Mac style style

Kaninzi "

04 we-15

Indlela yokusebenzisa iLinux ukusuka kwiDVD okanye i-USB

Ubuntu Live Desktop.

Isihloko asikho umnxibelelwano wale nto njengoko kukho inani lezonxibelelwano eziza ngendlela yakho.

I-DVD ye-Linux okanye i-USB ihlala ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iLuxux ngaphandle kokuyifaka kwi-hard drive yakho. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uvivinye i-Linux drive ngaphambi kokuya kuyo kwaye ulungile kumsebenzisi othile.

05 we-15

Indlela yokufaka iLinux

I-Fedora Faka - Uqwalaselo.

Ukusabalalisa nganye kwe-Linux kufakwe kusetyenziswe i-installer eyahlukeneyo eyinkqubo ekukhokelayo ngokuseka nokufaka i-Linux.

Xa umsebenzisi efake iLuxux banokuzifaka okanye bazifake kunye neWindows.

Nazi ezinye izikhokelo zokufakelwa mahala.

06 we-15

Yintoni i-Desktop yendalo?

XFCE Desktop Ubuntu.

Ukusabalalisa kweeLinux eziqhelekileyo zakhiwe ngamanani amanxalenye.

Kukhona umphathi wokubonisa osebenzisa ukukunceda ungene ngemvume, umphathi we window osebenzisa ukulawula kakuhle iiwindow, ipaneli, amamenyu, i-dash interfaces kunye nezicelo eziphambili.

Zininzi zezi zinto zihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze zenze into eyaziwayo njenge-desktop environment.

Olunye uhlobo lwee-Linux zokuhambisa i-desktop kunye ne-desktop eyodwa (nangona ezinye zifumaneka kwiifowuni zeekhompyutheni), ngelixa ezinye zineenguqu ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zedesktop.

Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zedesktophu ziquka iKinnamon, GNOME, Unity, KDE, Ukukhanyisa, i-XFCE, i-LXDE kunye ne-MATE.

I-Cinnamon yendalo yendalo yedesktop ekhangeleka njenge-Windows 7 enepaneli ezantsi, imenyu, iifayile ze-tray kunye neempawu zokuqalisa.

I-GNOME kunye nobumbano zifana ngokufanayo. Zingingqi zendawo yedesktop ezisebenzisa umxholo weempawu zokuqalisa kunye nesiboniso sesitayela sedeshibhodi ekukhetheni izicelo. Kukho neenkqubo eziphambili ezidibanisa kakuhle nomxholo jikelele wemozulu yedesktop.

I KDE yinkqubo yendalo yedeskrithi ngokuqhelekileyo kodwa inomlinganiselo omkhulu wezinto kunye nesethi yesiseko seenkqubo ezizimeleyo kakhulu ngezicwangciso ezininzi.

Ukukhanyiswa, i-XFCE, i-LXDE, kunye ne-MATE ziindawo eziphathekayo ze desktop kunye neepaneli kunye namamenyu. Zonke zizenzekelayo ngokuzikhethela.

07 we-15

Indlela yokwenza i-Linux Khangela Indlela Oyifunayo

Yongeza i-Dock kwi-Openbox.

Into ephezulu ngeLuxux kukuba unokuyenza ibonakale kwaye ivakale ngendlela ofuna ngayo.

Izikhokelo ezixhomekeke apha ngezantsi ziya kukubonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa izinto ezungeze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zedesktop kwaye wenze ngokwezifiso idesktop ukuba ube yindlela oyifunayo ngayo.

08 we-15

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Linux Desktop

KDE Plasma Desktop.

Imvelo nganye ye-desktop yaseLux isebenza ngokungafaniyo kwaye ke ukufihla zonke iziseko kuya kuthatha ixesha elithile.

Nangona kunjalo zikhona ezinye izikhokelo ezilungileyo zokukuqalisa kwakho:

09 we-15

Ndingayinxulumanisa njani kwi-intanethi

Ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi usebenzisa Ubuntu.

Nangona ukudibanisa kwi-intanethi kuyahluka kwiimeko zendalo nganye iinqununu zifana.

Kuya kuba nekhomputha yecandelo kwipaneli kwindawo ethile. Cofa kwi icon kwaye ufanele ubone uluhlu lweenethiwekhi ezingenantambo.

Cofa kwi-intanethi uze ufake ukhiye wokhuseleko.

Umxholo wale nto udibanisa nesikhokelo esibonisa indlela yokwenza ngayo usebenzisa Ubuntu Linux kunye neDesktop yediskrithi kwaye ibonisa nendlela yokudibanisa ngayo umgca womyalelo. Kaninzi "

10 we-15

Indawo eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo ye-Audio

Umdlali womculo we-Quod Libet.

I-Linux kukumkani xa kuziwa ekudlala iifayile zomsindo. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezilalelwayo kwaye kuyimeko yokukhetha enye okanye ngaphezulu oyithandayo.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza ezinye zezixhobo ezivakalayo zomsindo kwi-Linux kubandakanywa iindlela zokudlala nokukhwabanisa iziteshi zerediyo zomsakazo, abadlali bomculo kunye nabaphathi beepodcast.

Ukufumana isikhokelo esipheleleyo kubadlali bezandi bahlole ezi zikhokelo:

11 we-15

Indawo engcono kakhulu ye-imeyile

I-Evolution Email Client.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa akukho mdlalo we-Outlook ngaphakathi kwe-Linux. Kwenene?

Ukucinga ukuba awuhlali uvuyo usebenzisa into efana ne-GMail ye-intanethi ye-intanethi apha apha izixazululo ezinkulu.

Ukuguquka kwemvelo
Thunderbird
KMail
Geary

Kaninzi "

12 kwi-15

Indawo engcono kakhulu yokukhangela iWebhu

I-Linux Best Browsers.

I-Linux inezona ziphequluli ezifumanekayo ziquka i-Chrome, i-Chromium, i-Firefox, kunye ne-Midori.

Ayinayo i-Intanethi Explorer okanye i-Edge kodwa yena oyifunayo. I-Chrome inakho konke onokuyidingayo kwisiphequluli. Kaninzi "

13 we-15

Ngaba ikhona na i-Office Suites ye-Linux efanelekileyo?

FreeOffice.

Akungabazeki ukuba iMicrosoft Office ngumveliso oyimfuneko kwaye kuyisisityebi esihle kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuphindaphinda nokugqithisa umgangatho wale mveliso ethile.

Ukusebenzisa kwakho kunye namashishini amancinci aphakathi nendawo ungatsho ukuba i-Google Amadokhumenti kunye ne-LibreOffice yindlela efanelekileyo kunye necandelo leendleko.

I-FreeOffice iza kunye neprojekthi yeprogram kunye neninzi yezixhobo onokuzilindela ukusuka kumprosesa wegama. Kuza kunye nesixhobo esiphezulu se-spreadsheet esichazwe ngokubanzi kwaye kubandakanywa i-injini yenkqubo engundoqo nakuba ingahambelani ne-Excel VBA.

Ezinye izixhobo ziquka ukuveliswa, izibalo, iinkcukacha zeenkcukacha kunye nokudweba konke okulungileyo. Kaninzi "

14 we-15

Indlela yokufaka ifowuni usebenzisa i-Linux

Umphathi wePakethe yeSpaptic.

Abasebenzisi beLinux abafaki isofthiwe ngendlela efanayo nabasebenzisi beWindows abenzayo nangona ulwahluko luba ngaphantsi nangaphantsi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umsebenzisi we-Linux ufuna ukufaka iphakheji baqhuba isixhobo esaziwa njengomphathi wephakheji.

Umphathi wephakheji ufinyelela iifostile ezigcina iipakethi ezingafakwa.

Isixhobo solawulo lwephakheji ngokubanzi sinika indlela yokukhangela isofthiwe, faka isofthiwe, gcina isofthiwe isesikhatsini kwaye ususe isoftware.

Njengoko sifudukela kwikamva ethile yezabelo zeLinux zizisa iintlobo ezintsha zepakheji eziziqulethe ezininzi ezifana ne-Android zokusebenza.

Ukunikezelwa ngalunye kunika isixhobo sakhe sokubonisa. Kukho izixhobo zomgca zomyalelo oqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ezininzi izabelo ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, kunye neDebian bonke basebenzise umphathi wephayiphu yokufumana .

I-Fedora kunye ne-CentOS zisebenzisa umphathi wepay yum .

IArch kunye noManjaro basebenzisa iPomman .

15 we-15

Umgca weLinux Command

Vula i-Terminal.

Ininzi eyenziwa malunga nabasebenzisi baseLinux kufuneka basebenzise isigxina esithintela ukuba sibe yintengiso phakathi kwabantu. Poppycock.

Nangona kunenjongo yokufunda imigaqo eyisiseko (enye inokuthi kuthiwa kuya kuthiwa kwi-DOS imiyalelo kwi-Windows) akukho nto imfuneko yokwenza njalo.

Into yokuqala okufuneka ukwazi ukuba yintoni indlela yokuvula i-terminal kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza njalo.

Kutheni kuthiwa yi-terminal? I-terminal isekufutshane imimator yesigxina kwaye ibuye ibuyele kumhla xa abantu bangene kwiimpawu zokuphela. Ngoku konke okufuneka ukwazi ukuba isigxina apho ungena khona imiyalelo ye-Linux.

Xa unesiphelo esivulekileyo kufuneka ufunde ngokwenene indlela yokufumana indlela yakho kwaye kwaye le ncwadana ikubonisa indlela.

Kuyafaneleka ukufunda malunga neemvume. Esi sikhokelo sibonisa indlela yokwakha umsebenzisi kwaye uyabongeza kwiqela . Nantsi enye isikhokelo esibonisa indlela yokongeza abasebenzisi, ukulawula amaqela nokubeka iimvume .

Umyalelo wokuba abasebenzisi bafunde ngokukhawuleza kumyalelo we-sudo kodwa musa ukuqala ngokungenanga ukufaka imiyalelo usebenzisa i-sudo ngaphandle kokuqonda oko kuyenzayo kuba konke kunokuphela kwintlekele. Ngenhlanhla eli khokelo likuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nomyalelo wesudo .

Nangona ulapho, kufuneka uqonde ngokuguqula abasebenzisi usebenzisa umyalelo .

Ngokuyinhloko umyalelo wesondlo kukuvumela ukuba ukhulise iimvume zakho ukuze ukwazi ukuqhuba umyalelo ngamnye njengomnye umsebenzisi. Ngokungagqibekanga ukuba omnye umsebenzisi ungumsebenzisi wengcambu.

Umyalelo uguqula imeko yakho ukuze usebenze njengomsebenzisi ochaziweyo. Ungakwazi ukuqhuba uluhlu lwemiyalelo njengalo mse benzisi.

Eli sayithi linamanqaku amaninzi abonisa indlela yokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo kwaye kukufanelekile ukukhangela kwakhona rhoqo ukuze ubone into entsha. Nazi imimiselo embalwa yezinye izongezo zakutshanje

Kwaye ekugqibeleni uzonwabisa:

Imiyalelo engu-15 eya kuguqula ihlabathi lakho

Isishwankathelo

Kule khokhelo ndikubonisile ukuba yiyiphi i Linux, kutheni ungayisebenzisa, yiyiphi i-Linux distributions kunye nendlela yokukhetha enye, indlela yokuzama iLinux, indlela yokuyifaka, indlela yokwenza i Linux, indlela yokuhamba ngeLinux, isikhokelo kwizicelo ezifanelekileyo, indlela yokufaka izicelo kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo. Oku kufuneka kukubeke ekuhambeni kokuhamba phambili.