Esi sikhokelo sichaza imiyalelo ye-Linux eyi-10 oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba malunga nefayile yakho usebenzisa i-Linux terminal.
Inika imiyalelo yokufumanisa ukuba yiyiphi isiqulatho olaphayo, indlela oye wawukho ngaphambili, indlela yokuhamba kwezinye iifolda, indlela yokubuyela ekhaya, indlela yokwenza iifayile kunye neefolda, indlela yokudala izixhumanisi
01 ngo-10
Yiyiphi ifolda ongene kuyo
Xa uvula ifowuni yokugcina into oyifunayo ukuyiqonda apho ukhona kwifayile yefayile.
Cinga ngolu hlobo olunjengokuthi "ulapha" umakishi oyifumana kwiimephu kwiindawo zokuthengisa.
Ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi ifolda okhoyo kuyo ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
pwd
Iziphumo ezibuyiselwe yi-pwd zinokwahlukana kuxhomekeke ekubeni usebenzisa i-shell ye-pwd okanye enye efakwe kwi-directory yakho ye-usr / bin.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iya kuprinta into elandelwe kumgama / kwikhaya / lomsebenzisi .
Cofa apha ukuze uthole ulwazi oluninzi malunga nomyalelo we-pwd .
02 ngo 10
Ziziphi iifayile kunye neefolda eziphantsi kweNcwadi yangoku yangoku
Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba yiyiphi ifolda ongaphakathi, unokubona ukuba yeyiphi iifayile kunye neefolda eziphantsi kwerekhoda yangoku ngokusebenzisa umyalelo we-ls.
ls
Ngokwalo, umyalelo we-ls uza kubhala zonke iifayile kunye neefolda kwirejista ngaphandle kwalabo baqala ngexesha (.).
Ukubona zonke iifayile eziquka iifayile ezifihliweyo (ezo ziqala ngexesha) ungasebenzisa olu tshintsho olulandelayo:
ls -a
Eminye imiyalelo yenza i-backups yeefayile eziqala nge-tilde metacharacter (~).
Ukuba awufuni ukubona i-backups xa uluhlu lweefayili kwifolda lusetyenziso olulandelayo:
ls -B
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo komyalelo we-ls kulandelayo:
ls -t
Oku kunikeza uluhlu olude oluhlelwe nguxesha lokuguqulwa, kunye neyokuqala kuqala.
Ezinye iindlela zokukhetha ziquka ukongezwa, ubungakanani, kunye neenguqulelo:
ls -U
ls -lX
ls -lv
Uhlobo olude lohlu lukunika ulwazi olulandelayo:
- iimvume
- inani leenodeli zefayili (jonga ii-link ezinzima)
- umnini
- iqela eliphambili
- ubungakanani befayile
- lokugqibela lokufikelela
- Ifayile / ifolda / igama lekhonkco
03 ngo 10
Indlela yokuhamba kwezinye iiFolders
Ukuhamba ngefayile yefayile ungasebenzisa umyalelo we-cd .
Inkqubo yefayili ye Linux yindlela yomthi. Umphezulu womthi ubonakaliswe ngumbetha (/).
Ngaphantsi kwesiqulatho seengcambu, uya kufumana ezinye okanye zonke iifolda ezilandelayo.
- / U
- ibini
- qalisa
- cdrom
- dev
- njl
- ekhaya
- lib
- lib64
- elahlekileyo + lifunyenwe
- majelo
- mnt
- khetha
- pro
- ingcambu
- ku sebenza
- sbin
- srv
- sys
- tmp
- var
- usr
Ifolda yebhin iqulethe imiyalelo enokuqhutywa yiyiphi na umsebenzisi njengomyalelo weCd, ls, mkdir njl.
I-sbin iqulethe i-system binaries.
Ifolda ye-usr igxininisa imithombo yenkqubo ye unix kwaye iqulethe ifolda yebin kunye ne-sbin. Ifolda / usr / bin ifolda ine-width set of commands abasebenzisi abangaqhuba. Ngokufanayo, ifolda / usr / sbin iqulethe isethi esongezelelweyo yemiyalelo yenkqubo.
Ifolda yebhodi iqukethe yonke into efunekayo kwinkqubo yokuqalisa.
Ifolda ye-cdrom iyicacisa.
Ifolda yeD dev iqulethe iinkcukacha malunga nawo onke amacebo kwindlela.
Ifolda ye-etc ngokubanzi apho zonke iifayile zoqwalaselo zenkqubo zigcinwa.
Ifolda yekhaya ngokuqhelekileyo apho zonke iifolda zomsebenzisi zigcinwa kwaye umsebenzisi osemgangathweni yindawo kuphela abafanele bakhathalele ngayo.
Iifayili ze lib kunye ne-lib64 ziqulethe zonke i-kernel kunye neelayibrari ezabelwana ngazo.
Ifolda elahlekileyo + efumanekayo iya kuba neefayile ezingasenayo igama elitholwe ngumyalelo we-fsck.
Ifolda yendaba yeendaba, apho imidiya ephakamileyo efana ne-USB iyimoto.
Ifolda ye-mnt isetyenziselwa ukukhupha ukugcinwa kwexeshana ezifana ne-USB, nezinye iifayile zefayile, imifanekiso ye-ISO, njl njl.
Ifolda yokuphuma isetyenziswe kwezinye iipakethi zeekhompyutha njengendawo yokugcina ii-binary. Ezinye iipakethe zisebenzisa / usr / zendawo.
Ifolda ye-proc kuyinto ifolda yesistimu esetyenziswa yi-kernel. Awudingi ngokwenene ukukhathazeka ngale folda kakhulu.
Ifolda yeengcambu yincwadi yomsebenzisi yomsebenzisi wengcambu.
Ifolda yokugijima yifolda yesistimu yokugcina ulwazi lwexesha lokuqalisa.
Ifolda ene-srv yilapho uza kugcina izinto ezifana neefolda zewebhu, i-mysql yolwazi, kunye neendl
Ifolda ye-sys iqukethe isakhiwo sefolda ukubonelela ngolwazi lwenkqubo.
Ifolda ye-tmp yinkcukacha yesikhashana.
Ifolda ye-Var iqulethe ubutyebi obupheleleyo bezinto ezizodwa kwinkqubo kubandakanya idatha yezemidlalo, iilayibrari ezinamandla, iifayile zelogi, ii-ID zenkqubo, imilayezo kunye nedatha yesicelo sekhowudi.
Ukuhamba kwiifolda ethile usebenzisa umyalelo we-cd ngolu hlobo:
cd / ikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amaphepha
04 we-10
Indlela yokubuyela kwiFolda yaseKhaya
Ungabuyela kwifolda yekhaya ukusuka kwenye indawo kwindlela usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
cd ~
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumyalelo weCd ~ .
05 we-10
Indlela yokudala ifolda entsha
Ukuba ufuna ukwakha ifolda entsha ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
igama lefayile ye mkdir
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumyalelo we mkdir .
Isikhokelo esixhumeneyo sibonisa indlela yokudala bonke abalawuli beeleyili kwifolda nendlela yokusetha iimvume.
06 ngo 10
Indlela yokudala iiFayile
I-Linux inikeza inani elingaqhelekanga lokudala iifayile ezintsha.
Ukudala ifayile engenanto ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
gama lomgca
Umyalelo wokuchukumisa usetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya ixesha lokugqibela lokufikelela kwifayile kodwa kwifayile engakhoyo inefuthe lokuyidala.
Ungenza kwakhona ifayile usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
ikati> igama lefayile
Ngoku ungangenisa umbhalo kwicala lomyalelo kwaye ulondoloze kwifayili usebenzisa i-CTRL kunye no-D
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumyalelo wekati .
Indlela engcono yokudala ifayile kukusebenzisa umhleli we-nano. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ungeze imigca yesicatshulwa, uthinte kwaye unamathisele, uphendule uphinde ufake indawo yombhalo uze ulondoloze ifayile kwifomathi eyahlukeneyo.
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumhleli we-nano .
07 ngo 10
Indlela yokuQamba kwakhona kwakhona nokuhambisa iiFayile ezikuMmandla weFayile
Ezi zininzi iindlela zokuqamba kwakhona iifayile.
Indlela elula yokuyibiza kwakhona ifayile kukusebenzisa umyalelo we-mv.
mv oldfilename newfilename
Ungasebenzisa umyalelo we-mv ukuhambisa ifayile ukusuka kwifolda enye ukuya kwelinye.
mv / umzila / we / yokuqala / ifayile / umendo / we / ojoliswe / ifolda
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumyalelo we-mv .
Ukuba ufuna ukuqamba iqela leefayile ezifana nomzekelo ofanayo ungasebenzisa umyalelo wokuqamba igama.
ukubiza kwakhona igama lokufaka igama lefayile (s)
Umzekelo:
Qamba igama "gary" "tom"
Oku kuza kutshintsha zonke iifayile kwifolda kunye ne-gary kuyo kunye noTamat. Ngoko ifayili ebizwa ngokuthi i-garycv iya kuba yi-tomcv.
Qaphela ukuba umyalelo wokuqamba igama awusebenzi kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Umyalelo we-mv ukhuselekile.
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo somyalelo wokuqamba igama .
08 ngo 10
Ukukhuphela iiFayile
Ukukopa ifayile usebenzisa i-Linux ungasebenzisa umyalelo we-cp ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
cp igama lefayile igama
Umyalelo ongentla uchaza ikopi yefowuni kwaye uyibize igama lefayile.
Ungasebenzisa umyalelo wekopi ukukopisha ifayile kwifolda enye ukuya kwenye.
Umzekelo
cp / ikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / amaxwebhu / userdoc1 / ikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / amaxwebhu / i-UserDocs
Umyalelo ongentla uchaza ikopi yomsebenzisidoc1 ukusuka / kwikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amaphepha kwi / home / igama lomsebenzisi / Amaphepha / i-UserDocs
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumyalelo we-cp .
09 we-10
Indlela yokuCima iiFI kunye neeFolders
Unako ukususa iifayile kunye neefolda usebenzisa umyalelo we-rm:
rm lefayile
Ukuba ufuna ukususa ifolda oyifunayo ukusebenzisa umtshintsho olandelayo:
rm -R ifayile yefayile
Umyalelo ongasentla ususa ifolda kunye nokuqulethwe kuwo kubandakanywa iifolda.
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kumyalelo we-rm .
10 kwi-10
Ziziphi iiNgqungquthela eziLungeleleneyo kunye neeDisk
Ikhonkco lokufuzisela yifayile ekhomba enye ifayile. Inqamulelo yedeskithophu isiseko esiqhagamshelweyo.
Unokwenza, umzekelo, ube nefayile elandelayo kwindlela yakho.
- /home / igama lomsebenzisi / idokhumenti / ii-accounts/useraccounts.doc
Mhlawumbi ufuna ukukwazi ukufikelela kuloo dokhumenti kwifayile yekhaya / lomsebenzisi.
Unokwenza isiqhagamshelo esingokomqondiso usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
ln -s /homehome / igama lomsebenzisi / amaxwebhu / iakhawunti / i-aceraccounts.doc /homehome / igama lomsebenzisi / i-asecacounts.doc
Uyakwazi ukuhlela ifayile ye-useraccounts.doc kwiindawo zombini kodwa xa uhlela isiqhagamshelo somfuziselo ngokwenene uhlela ifayile kwifayile / igama lomsebenzisi / iifayile / iifolda.
Ikhonkco lokufuzisela liyakunikwa kwisistimu yefayile enye kwaye ubhekisele kwifayile kwenye inkqubo yefayile.
Ikhonkco lokomfuziselo lidala nje ukudala ifayile ene-pointer kwenye ifayile okanye ifolda.
Ikhonkco elinzima, nangona kunjalo, lidala ukudibanisa ngqo phakathi kweefayile ezimbini. Eyona nto iyifayile efanayo kodwa ngegama elinye.
Unxibelelwano olunzima unikeza indlela enhle yokubeka iifayile ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo engaphezulu yediski.
Unokwenza unxibelelwano olunzima usebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
lnamefayile yeefenetolinkto
I-syntax ifana neyokhonkco olungokomfanekiso kodwa ayisebenzisi i--s switch.
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwiinkcukacha ezinzima .