Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga namafomathi e-HDR
Isibalo sesibonakaliso sesiboniso se-TV esingu-4K siphumelele, kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo, ngubani ongafuni umfanekiso ophezulu weTV?
I-Ultra HD - Ngaphezu kweSombululo esingu-4K kuphela
Isisombululo se-4K siyingxenye enye yinto ekuthethwa ngayo ngoku njenge-Ultra HD. Ukongezelela kwisisombululo esandisiweyo, ukwenza ukuba ividiyo ibonakale ilungileyo - umbala ophuculweyo yinto enye eye yaphunyezwa kwiisethi ezininzi, kodwa enye into eyenza ukuphucula umgangatho wesikhombiso ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kunye namanqanaba athatywayo ngenxa yesiphumo sokukhanya esikhulayo ngokubambisana nenkqubo yokucoca ngevidiyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-HDR.
Iyiphi i-HDR
I-HDR imele i- High Dynamic Range .
Indlela esebenza ngayo i-HDR kukuba kwinkqubo yokwenza umxholo okhethiweyo owenzelwe umboniso wevidiyo okanye yevidiyo, ukukhanya okupheleleyo / ukwahlukana kwedatha efunyenwe ngexesha lokucoca / ukudubula inkqubo ifakwe kwi-signal yevidiyo.
Xa ikhodiweyo kumlambo, ukusasazwa okanye kwi-disc, isignali ithunyelwa kwi-TV enikwe amandla yi-HDR, ulwazi luchongiwe, kwaye ulwazi oluphezulu lweDynamic Range lubonakaliswe, ngokusekelwe kukukhanya / ukuhlukana kweTV. Ukuba i-TV ayikho inikwe i-HDR (ebizwa ngokuba yi-SDR - Standard Dynamic Range TV), iya kubonisa kuphela imifanekiso ngaphandle kolwazi oluphezulu lweRynamic Range.
Ukongezwa kwisisombululo se-4K kunye nombala ombala webala, i-TV enikwe amandla kwi-HDR (idibaniswe nomxholo ochanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo), inokubonisa ukukhanya kunye namanqanaba okuphambana kufuphi nawe uya kubona kwihlabathi lenene. Oku kuchaza abamhlophe abamhlophe ngaphandle kokuqhaqha okanye ukugubha, kunye nabomnyama abanzi bengenakudaka.
Umzekelo, ukuba unomfanekiso onobunzima obuphezulu kunye nezinto ezinobumnyama kwisakhelo esifanayo, ezifana nokushona kwelanga, uza kubona kokubili ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwelanga kunye nemigangatho emnyama yomfanekiso wonke ngokucacileyo okulinganayo, kunye kunye nawo onke amanqanaba okukhanya phakathi.
Ekubeni kukho ububanzi obubanzi obuvela kumhlophe ukuya kumnyama, iinkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo kwiindawo zombini eziqaqambileyo kunye ezimnyama zomfanekiso we-TV oqhelekileyo zibonwa lula kwii-TV ezinikezelwe nge-HDR, ezinika amava okubona okwanelisayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HDR kuthintela njani abathengi
I-HDR ngokuqinisekileyo iyinyathelo lokuziphendulela kumava okubukela iTV, kodwa ke, abathengi bajamelana neefom ezine ezine-HDR eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuba yiyiphi i-TV kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nazo kunye nomxholo wokuthenga. Ezi zakhiwo ezine zi:
- HDR10
- Umbono weDolby
- I-HLG (i-Hybrid Log Gamma)
- I-Technicolor HDR
Nantsi imfutshane encinane yesakhiwo ngasinye.
HDR10
I-HDR10 iyimilinganiselo evulekileyo yokubuyiselwa komvuzo ehlanganiswe kuyo yonke i-TV ehambelana ne-HDR, abalamkeli bemidlalo yaseshashalazini, abadlali be-Ultra HD Blu-ray, kwaye khetha abashicileli bemidiya.
I-HDR10 ithathwa njenge-generic njengoko iiparitha zayo zisetyenziswe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke into ethile. Ngamanye amazwi, ububanzi bendawo yokugqama kusetyenziswa kuwo wonke umxholo womxholo.
Ngethuba leprogram yokwenza i-point point ecacileyo ngokubhekiselele kumbono omnyama kumabhayisikobho imisiwe, ngoko xa umxholo we-HDR udlalwa emva kwawo onke amanye amanqanaba okukhanya, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inqununu okanye imbonakalo esetyenziswe ngokubhekiselele kwinto yokukhanya kunye nokukhanya okukhulu yonke i-movie.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2017, i-Samsung ibonise indlela yokujonga ngomdlalo kwi-HDR, ekubhekiselele kuyo njenge-HDR10 + (ukuba ingadityaniswa ne-HDR + eya kuxutyushwa kamva kweli nqaku). Njengokuba nge HDR10, i-HDR10 + ilayisenisi ekhululekile.
Ngomhla ka-2017, nangona zonke iidivaysi ezincedisiweyo ze-HDR zisebenzisa i-HDR10, nge-Samsung, iPanasonic, ne-20 Century Fox zisebenzisa i-HDR10 ne-HDR10 + kuphela.
Umbono weDolby
Umbono weDolby yifomathi ye-HDR eyenziwe kwaye idayiswa yiDolby Labs , edibanisa zombini i-hardware kunye ne-metadata ekuphunyezweni kwayo. Imfuno eyongeziweyo kukuba abadali bokuqukethwe, ababoneleli, kunye nabenzi bezixhobo kufuneka bahlawule i-Dolby imirhumo yemvume yokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Umbono weDolby uthathwa ngokungqalileyo kune-HDR10 kwiimpawu zalo ze-HDR zingabonakaliswa ngomfanekiso ngesigcawu okanye ngesakhelo-ngesakhelo, kwaye ungadlala ngokusekelwe kumandla e-TV (ngaphezulu kule nxalenye kamva). Ngamanye amazwi, ukudlala kusekelwe kumanqanaba okukhanya okwenziwe kwinqanaba lokubhekisela (njengefomathi okanye umzobo) kunokuba ufikelele kumgangatho ophezulu wokubhanya kwefilimu yonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela iDolby eyenze ngayo iDolby Vision, i-TV ekhutshelwe ilayisenisi eneemvume ezixhasayo nayo inokukwazi ukucacisa zombini iMboniselo yeDolby kunye ne-HDR10 (ukuba lo mandla "uvuliwe" uthenge umenzi othile weTV obandakanyekayo), kodwa umabonwakude ohambelana ne-HDR10 akakwazi ukuchaza izibonakaliso zeDolby Vision.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-Dolby Vision TV nayo inakho ukukhetha i-HDR10, kodwa i-TV kuphela ye-HDR10 ayikwazi ukucacisa iDolby Vision. Nangona kunjalo, ababoneleli abaninzi bezinto ezibandakanya i-Dolby Vision encoding kumxholo wabo kananjalo baquka i-HDR10 encoding kunye, ngokukodwa ukufumana ii-TV ezinikezelwe nge-HDR ezingenakuhambelana neDolby Vision. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba umthombo womxholo uquka kuphela i-Dolby Vision kunye ne-TV yi-HDR10 ehambelanayo kuphela, i-TV iya kukhanyela i-Dolby Vision encoding kwaye ibonise umfanekiso njengomfanekiso we-SDR (Standard Dynamic Range). Ngamanye amagama, kwimeko apho, umbukeli akayi kufumana inzuzo ye-HDR.
Iimpawu ze-TV ezixhasa i-Dolby Vision ziquka izinto ezikhethiweyo ezivela kwi-LG, i-Philips, i-Sony, i-TCL ne-Vizio. Abadlali be-Blu HD abaxhasayo be-Blu-Vision baxhasa i-models ye-OPPO Digital, i-LG, i-Philips kunye ne-Cambridge Audio. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kumhla wokuvelisa, ukuhambelana kweDolby Umbuso kunokufuna ukudibaniswa emva kokuthenga nge-updateware ye-firmware.
Kwinqanaba lomxholo, i-Dolby Umbono isekelwe ngokusasaza kwi-content ehlinzekwa kwi-Netflix, i-Amazon kunye neVudu, kunye nenani elincinci le-movie kwi-Ultra HD Blu-ray disc.
I-Samsung iyona nto impawu ezinkulu zeTV ezithengiswa e-US ezingamkeli inkxaso yeDolby. I-Samsung TV nee-Ultra HD ze-Blu-ray dis player zixhasa kuphela i-HDR10. Ukuba le meko iguqula eli nqaku liya kuhlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo.
I-HLG (i-Hybrid Log Gamma)
I-HLG (igama le-techie eceleni) yifomati ye-HDR eyenzelwe i-cable, i-satellites kunye nokupasa kwe-TV. Yayilungiswa yi-Japan ne-NHK kunye ne-BBC ye-Broadcasting Systems kodwa ilayisenisi yamahhala.
Inzuzo eyintloko ye-HLG yabasasazo bamabonwakude kunye nabanini yinto yokuba iyahambelana. Ngamanye amagama, ekubeni indawo yamanqwanqwa isithuba semali yabasasazwa nge-TV, ukusebenzisa ifomati ye-HDR njenge-HDR10 okanye i-Dolby Vision ayiyi kuvumela abanikazi be-HDR ukuba baxhobe i-TV (kuquka ii-TV ezingabonwayo kwi-HD) ukujonga okuqukethwe kwekhowudi ye-HDR, okanye ufuna idrafti eyahlukileyo nje ngokusasaza i-HDR umxholo - ongeyindleko.
Nangona kunjalo, i-HLG encoding ingomnye umgca wesiganeko sokusasaza oqulethe ulwazi olukhanyayo ngaphandle kokufuna imethadatha ethile, engasetyenzwa phezulu kwesignali yeTV. Ngenxa yoko, imifanekiso ingabonwa kuyo nayiphi na iTV. Ukuba awunayo i-HDR ye-HLG ene-TVR, ayiyi kuqaphela uluhlu lwe-HDR olongezelelweyo, ngoko ke awuyi kufumana iindleko zokucwangciswa okongeziweyo, kodwa uya kuba nomfanekiso wesimo se-SDR.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa le ndlela ye-HDR kukuba nangona kunika indlela yokuba ii-SDR kunye ne-HDR zeTV zihambelane nezibonakaliso ezifanayo zokusasazwa, ayikuboneleli ngempumelelo njenge-HDR ifanele ukujonga umxholo ofanayo kunye ne-HDR10 okanye i-Dolby Vision encoding .
Ukuhambelana kwe-HLG kufakwe kwii-TV ezine-TV ezikhutshwe nge-HD-4 (ngaphandle kweSams) kunye nabamkeli bemidlalo yasesekhaya abaqala ngomnyaka we-2017 womzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mxholo we-HLG odibeneyo ufumaneke - eli nqaku liza kuhlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo njengoko eli gangatho liguquka.
I-Technicolor HDR
Kwizinto ezine eziphambili ze-HDR, i-Technicolor HDR yinto engaziwayo kwaye ibona ukusetyenziswa okuncinci eYurophu. Ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe, i-Technicolor HDR mhlawumbi isisombululo esinamandla kakhulu, njengoko singasetyenziselwa kokubhaliweyo (ukusakaza kunye ne-disc) kunye ne-TV yokusasazwa kwezicelo zeTV. Iyakwazi kwakhona ukufakwa ngekhowudi ngokusebenzisa i-frame-by-frame reference points.
Ukongezelela, ngendlela efana ne-HLG, i-Technicolor HDR iyahambelana ne-backer ehambelana ne-HDR kunye ne-TV-enabled TV. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uya kufumana umphumo wokubheka ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-TV ye-HDR, kodwa nokuba i-SDR yeTV ingazuza kwixabiso eliphezulu, ngokusekelwe kumbala wabo, ukungafani kunye nokukwazi ukukhanya.
Inyaniso yokuba i-Technicolor i-HDR isignali ingabonwa kwi-SDR yenza kube lula kakhulu kubalimi bomxholo, ababoneleli beemveliso kunye nababukeli beTV. I-technicolor i-HDR yimiqathango evulekileyo eyinkululeko yamahhala kunoma yimuphi umnikezeli wokuqukethwe kunye nabenzi beTV ukuphumeza.
Iimophu zeMephu
Enye yeengxaki ekuphunyezweni iifomathi ezahlukeneyo ze-HDR kwiTV iyenayo yokuba zonke iiTV azibonakalisi ezifanayo. Umzekelo, i-TV ephezulu ene-HDR-inikwe amandla okukhupha okungaphezulu kwama-nits 1000 okukhanya (njengamanye ama-LED aphezulu / i-LCD TV), ngelixa abanye banokuba ne-600 okanye 700 ye-nits output output (OLED kunye ne-middle-range ye-LED / i-LCD yeTV), ngelixa ezinye ii-LED ezisezantsi ze-HDR / i-LCD TV zivelisa kuphela malunga nama-500.
Ngenxa yoko, inqubo, eyaziwa njengeTone Mapping isetyenziselwa ukujongana nokuhluka. Yintoni eyenzekayo kukuba imethadatha efakwe kwifilimu ethile okanye inkqubo ibuyiswe kumandla eTV. Oku kuthetha ukuba uluhlu olukhanyayo lweTV luya kuthathwa ingqalelo kwaye ulungiso luyenziwe ukugqama kunye nolwazi lonke olukhanyayo, ngokubambisana nenkcukacha kunye nombala okhoyo kwi-metadata yangaphambili ngokubhekiselele kummandla we-TV. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhanya okuphakamileyo kwikhodidi akuyi kuhlanjululwa xa kuboniswe kwiTV ngekhono lokukhanya elincinane.
SDR-to-HDR Upscaling
Ekubeni ukufumaneka kwe-HDR-encoded content ayininzi kodwa, amanqaku amaninzi e-TV aqinisekisa ukuba imali eyongezelelweyo yabathengi abachithayo kwi-TV ekhutshwe yi-HDR ayinakucinywa ngokuquka ukuguqulwa kwe-SDR-to-HDR. I-Samsung ibhalela inkqubo yabo njenge-HDR + (ukuba ingadityaniswa ne-HDR10 + exoxwe ngaphambili), kunye neeTekhicolor iilebhu zabo njenge-Intelligent Tone Management.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kulungiswe ukulungiswa kwe-upscaling kunye no-2D-to-3D ukuguqulwa, i-HDR + kunye ne-SD-to-HDR ukuguqulwa akunikezeli umphumo ochanekileyo njengomxholo we-HDR wokuzalwa. Enyanisweni, ezinye iziqulatho zinokubonakala zihlanjululwe okanye zingalingani ukusuka kwimeko ukuya kwindawo, kodwa inika enye indlela yokusebenzisa ubuchule bokukhanya kwe-TVs ene-HDR. I-HDR + kunye ne-SDR-to-HDR ukuguqulwa kungavulwa okanye kuvaliwe njengoko kuyifunayo. I-SDR-to-HDR upscaling iphinde ibhekiswe njengeMephu yeeNdawo ezingenanto.
Ukongeza kwi-SD-to-HDR upscaling, i-LG ifaka inkqubo ebhekisela kuyo njenge-ActiveR yokucwangcisa i-HDR kwinombolo ekhethiweyo ye-TVs ene-TVR enikwe amandla eyenza ukuhlaziywa kwendawo yendawo ngokuhlaziya ukukhanya kwimiba ye-HDR10 kunye ne-HLG, ephucula ukuchaneka kwezi fomathi ezimbini.
Ngaphantsi
Ukongezwa kwe-HDR ngokuqinisekileyo kuphakamisa amava okubukela iTV kunye nokwahlukana kwefomathi kuthethwa kwaye umxholo uyafumaneka ngokubanzi kwiidiski, ukusasaza, kunye nokusasazwa kwemithombo, abathengi baya kwamkela njengokuba banako ukuqhubela phambili ( ngaphandle kwe-3D ).
Nangona i-HDR isetyenziswe kuphela ngokudibanisa nomxholo we-4K Ultra HD, iteknoloji ngokwenene iyimfuneko yesisombululo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokusemthethweni, ingasetyenziswa kwezinye izibonakaliso zevidiyo zesisombululo, nokuba yi 480p, 720p, 1080i, okanye 1080p. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ne-4K Ultra HD TV ayitsho ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba i-HDR-iyahambelana - umenzi weTV kufuneka enze isigqibo esisisigxina sokuyifaka.
Nangona kunjalo, ugxininiso ngabadali bemveliso kunye nababoneleli baye bafaka isicelo se-HDR ngaphakathi kwipulatifomu ye-4K Ultra HD. Ngokufumaneka kwama-TV ama-HD angama-4K, iiDVD, kunye nabadlali abaqhelekileyo be-Blu-ray disk, kunye nobuninzi bee-TV ze-4K Ultra HD kwakunye nenani eliphezulu le-Ultra HD Players Blu-ray ekhoyo, kunye nokuphunyezwa okuzayo I- ATSC 3.0 yokusasazwa kweTV , ixesha kunye nokutyalomali-mali kwe-HDR iteknoloji ifanelekile ukunyusa inani le-4K Ultra HD, izixhobo zendalo kunye neeTV.
Nangona kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngoku kubonakala kukho ukudideka, ungakhathazeki. Into ephambili ukugcina engqondweni kukuba nangona kukho ukungafani okusemgangathweni phakathi kwefomathi nganye (i-Dolby Vision ithathwa njengomgca omncinane kude kube ngoku), zonke iifom ze-HDR zinika uphuhliso olubonakalayo kumava okubukela iTV.