Funda malunga Nendlela Ubhetshi Osetyenziswe ngayo kwi-Digital Photography
Iibitshi zisetyenziswe kwiikhomputha zokunika iincwadana ezincinci zolwazi ngolwimi umsebenzisi angakwazi ukufunda. Kanye nje ngokuba izixhobo ziyisiseko esisisetyenzisiweyo kwikhompyutheni yakho, zisetyenziswe kwi-digital photography ukuthabatha umfanekiso.
Yiyiphi i-Bit?
I-"bit" iyigama elisetyenzisiweyo ekuqaleni kwegama lomsebenzisi, apho limela "isixhobo esincinci", kwaye ibhekisela kwingcezu encinci yolwazi. Inenani le-0 okanye eli-1.
Kwizithombe zedijithali, i-0 ibelwe abamnyama kunye no-1 kumhlophe.
Ngolwimi lwebhinqa (isiseko-2), "10" ulingana no-2 kwisiseko-10, kwaye "101" lilingana no-5 kwisiseko-10. (Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngokuguqula amanani asezantsi-base-10, tyelela iWebconconversion.org Web site.)
Indlela yeBits Record Record
Abasebenzisi beenkqubo zokuhlela idijithali, ezifana ne-Adobe Photoshop, baya kujwayelana neempawu ezixabisekileyo ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo ngumfanekiso we-8-bit, onama-tones angama-256 atholakalayo, ukusuka "00000000" (inani lenani le-0 okanye elimnyama) ukuya ku- "11111111" (inani lenani 255 okanye elimhlophe).
Qaphela ukuba kukho iinombolo ezi-8 kwizo zilandelelwano. Oku kungenxa yokuba iibhitithi eziyi-8 zilingana ne-byte kunye ne-byte enye ibhekisela kumazwe ahlukeneyo angama-256 (okanye imibala). Ngoko ke, ngokutshintsha ukuhlanganiswa kwezo-1 kunye ne-0 ngokulandelelana kwezinto, ikhompyutheni inokudala enye yeenguqu ezingama-256 zombala (2 ^ amandla 8 - '2' ephuma kwikhowudi yebhanari ye-1 neye-0).
Ukuqonda i-8-bit, i-24-bit, ne-12-okanye-16-bit
Imifanekiso yeJPEG idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso engama-24. Oku kungenxa yokuba ifomathi yefayili inokugcina i-8 bits of data nganye kwizithuthi zazo ezintathu (i-RGB okanye ibomvu, eluhlaza, kunye ne-blue).
Izantya eziphezulu ezifana ne-12 okanye 16-bit zisetyenziselwa kwii-DSLR ezininzi ukudala uluhlu lwemibala enamandla. Umfanekiso we-16-bit ungaba nolwazi lwamanqaku angama-65,653 (2 ^ amandla 16) kunye nomfanekiso we-12-bit unokuba namazinga angama-4,096 (2 ^ amandla angama-12)
I-DSLR isebenzisa ezininzi iitoni kwiimpawu eziqhakazileyo, ezishiya amathoni ambalwa ngokuyeka ukukhanya (apho iliso lomntu lisentlonelo yalo). Nangomfanekiso we-16-bit, ngokomzekelo, kuya kuba neetoni ezili-16 kuphela ukuchaza ukuma okumnyama kunesithombeni. Iqhosha eliqaqambileyo, xa kuthelekiswa, liya kuba nama-32,768 amathoni!
Isaziso Ngokuprinta iMifanekiso emnyama neMhlophe
Umshicileli we- inkjet osebenzayo usebenza kwinqanaba le-8-bit ngokunjalo. Xa ushicilela imifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe kwi-inkjet yakho, qiniseka ukuba awuyikuyiprinta usebenzisa ii-inks ezimnyama (ukushicilelwa kwegrayscale).
Le ndlela yindlela yokugcina inkino xa ushicilela umbhalo, kodwa ayiyi kuvelisa ifayile yokuprinta. Nasi isizathu ...
Umshicileli wesilinganiso unomnye, mhlawumbi 2, i-cartridges yinkinki emnyama kunye ne-cartridges enemibala emithathu (kwi-CMYK). Ikhompyutheni idlulisela idatha yomfanekiso ozoprintwa ngokusebenzisa loo mibala e-256 yombala.
Ukuba sithembela kuphela kwiikharriji zeenkinki ezimnyama zokusingatha eloluhlu, iinkcukacha zomfanekiso ziya kulahleka kwaye iifayile ezingayi kuprintwa ngokuchanekileyo. Akunakukwazi ukuvelisa iinguqu ezingama-256 usebenzisa i-cartridge enye.
Nangona umfanekiso omnyama nomhlophe ungabikho kombala, usencike kule mijelo ebalaseleyo yembala ye-8-bit ukwenza zonke iitoni ezahlukeneyo ezimnyama, ezimpunga, kunye ezimhlophe.
Ukuxhomekeka kwimizila yambala kubalulekile ukuba nawuphi na umfaki-zithombe ukuba aqonde ukuba bafuna umfanekiso wezedijithali ngokubonakala kweefoto ezimnyama kunye ezimhlophe ezenziwe ngefilimu kunye nephepha.