Iifayile

Izinto, i-Set-Build-Notation, i-Intersecting Sets, i-Venn Diagram

Ukusekela ngokubanzi

Imathematika, isethi yintlanganiso okanye uluhlu lwezinto.

Iisethi azihlanganisi nje ngamanani, kodwa zinokuqulatha nantoni na kuquka:

Nangona iiseti zinokuthi ziqulethe nantoni na, zihlala zibhekisela kumanani afanelekileyo kumzekelo okanye axhamene ngandlela-thile njengaye:

Beka Ukwaziswa

Izinto ezisetiweyo zibizwa ngokuba yizinto kunye neenkcukacha ezilandelayo okanye iindibano zisetyenziswe ngeeseti:

Ngoko, imizekelo yokumisela isethi yayiza kuba:

J = {jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune}

E = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8};

F = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12};

Umyalelo we-Element kunye nokuphindaphinda

Izinto ezenziwe kwisethi azimele zikho nawuphi na umyalelo ukwenzela ukuba isethi J apha ngasentla ingabhalwa njenge:

J = {i-saturn, jupiter, neptune, uranus}

okanye

J = {neptune, jupiter, uranus, saturn}

Izinto eziphindaphindayo ayitshintshi isethi okanye, oko kunjalo:

J = {jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune}

kwaye

J = {jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, jupiter, saturn}

sisetyenzana esifanayo kuba zombini ziqukethe izinto ezine ezihlukeneyo: i-jupiter, i-saturn, uranus, kunye neptune.

Iisethi kunye nee-Ellipses

Ukuba kukho inani elingenamkhawulo - elingenamkhawulo-okanye elingenamkhawulo kwinqanaba, i-ellipsis (...) isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba umzekelo wesethi uqhubeka ngonaphakade kwilo lathiso.

Ngokomzekelo, isethi yamanani asemvelo aqala kwi-zero, kodwa engapheli, ngoko ingabhalwa kwifomu:

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }

Olunye uluhlu olukhethekileyo lweenombolo ezingapheliyo luhlu lweendidi. Ekubeni i-integers inokuthi ilungile okanye ayibi, nangona kunjalo, isethi isebenzisa i-ellipses kuzo zombini iziphelo ukubonisa ukuba isethi iyaqhubeka ngonaphakade kwiindlela ezimbini:

{ ... , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... }

Olunye usetyenziso lwe-ellipses kukuzalisa phakathi kwesethi enkulu njengoko:

{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 94, 96, 98, 100}

I-ellipsis ibonisa ukuba umzekelo - nokuba ngamanani kuphela - uyaqhubeka ngecandelo elingabhaliweyo liseti.

Izakhelo ezizodwa

Iiseti ezizodwa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zichongwa ngokusebenzisa iileta ezithile okanye iimpawu. Ezi ziquka:

IQela kunye neendlela ezichazayo

Ukubhala okanye ukubeka uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana nesethi yeeplanethi zangaphakathi okanye zomhlaba kwi-system yethu yelanga, ibhekiselwa kuxwebhu lokubhala okanye indlela yokuhamba .

T = {mercury, venus, umhlaba, mars}

Enye inketho yokuchonga izixhobo zesethi usebenzisa indlela echazayo, esebenzisa inqaku elifutshane okanye igama ukuchaza isethi ezifana:

T = {iiplanethi zasemhlabeni}

I-Notation-Builder Notation

Enye indlela eya kwindlela kunye neendlela ezichazayo kukusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwe-set-builder , eyindlela efutshane yokuchaza umgaqo wokuba imimiselo yesetyenti ilandele (umgaqo owenza ukuba amalungu athile athile) .

Ukukhangela-ukwakha umakhi wokubeka isethi yamanani okwenyama ngaphezu kwe-zero ngu:

{x | x ∈ N, x > 0 }

okanye

{x: x ∈ N, x > 0 }

Kwi-notation-builder notation, ileta "x" yinto eguqukileyo okanye indawo yokuhlala, enokuthi ithatyathelwe nayiphi na enye incwadi.

Shorthand Characters

Iimpawu ze-Shorthand ezisetyenziselwa ukuphawula okuyi-setti ziquka:

Ngoko, {x | x ∈ N, x > 0 } iza kufundwa njenge:

"I setethi yazo zonke, x efana nokuba x iyinxalenye yesethi yamanani engokwemvelo kwaye x inkulu kune-0."

Imisimbozo kunye neVenn Diagram

Umzobo weVenn - ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba ngumzobo othethiweyo - usetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto zeesethi ezahlukeneyo.

Emfanekisweni ongasentla, icandelo eligqityiweyo lomzobo weVen ubonisa indlela yokuhamba phakathi kwee-E ne-F (izinto eziqhelekileyo kwiisethi zombini).

Ngaphantsi kweloludwe lubhalwe uphawu lokuqulunqwa komakhi (umsebenzi ongezantsi "U" uthetha intsebenziswano):

E ∩ F = {x | x ∈ E , x ∈ F}

Umda womxholongwane kunye neleta U ekhoneni lomzobo weVen ubonisa isethi yonke yezinto eziphantsi kokuqwalaselwa kulo msebenzi:

U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12}