Inkqubo yokusebenza (OS) yinkqubo evumela ukuba usebenze kunye nekhompyutheni - yonke isofthiwe kunye ne-hardware kwikhompyuter yakho. Njani?
Ngokukodwa, kukho iindlela ezimbini.
- Ngendlela yokusebenza yomgca womyalelo (umz., I-DOS), uthayipha umyalelo wombhalo kwaye ikhompyutheni iyaphendula ngoko myalelo.
- Ngendlela yokusebenza yomsebenzisi (i-GUI) yomsebenzisi (umzekelo, iWindows), usebenzisana nekhompyutheni ngokusebenzisa umzobo ocacileyo kunye neefoto ngokusebenzisa imouse kunye nekhibhodi.
Nge Unix unayo ngokubanzi ukhetho lokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo (ukulawula okungakumbi kunye nokuguquguquka) okanye ii-GUI (kulula).
Unix vs Windows: Imbali Yokhuphiswano kunye nekamva
IMicrosoft Windows kunye ne Unix ziinkalo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeenkqubo zokusebenza. Inkqubo yokusebenza yekhompyuter ye Unix isetyenziselwe ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ekuqaleni kwenyuka emlonyeni wezame ezingaphumeleli ekuqaleni kwee-1960 ukuphuhlisa inkqubo efanelekileyo yokusebenza kwexesha. Abambalwa abasinda kwiBell Labs abazange bayeke kwaye bavelise inkqubo eyenza indawo yokusebenza echazwe ngokuthi "yinto elula, amandla kunye nobuchule obungavamile".
Ukusukela ngowe-1980 umqhubi omkhulu we-Unix, iWindows iye yafumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yokunyuka okunyuka kwamakhompyutyana amancinci asebenzayo kunye ne-Intel-compatible processors (i-CPUs), eyona iqonga elenziwe yiWindows. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, inguqulelo entsha ye-Unix ibiza ngokuba yi-Linux, iphinde iphuhliswe ngokukodwa kwiikhompyuter ezincinane. Inokufunyanwa mahhala kwaye ke ke, ukhetho oluhle kubantu ngabanye kunye namashishini kwibhajethi.
Kwi-front front, i-Unix ivaliwe kwi-Microsoft share share market. Ngo-1999, iLuxux yahlawula i-Novell yeNetware eyedlulileyo ukuba ibe yinkqubo yokusebenza yeseva yesi-2 emva kwe-Windows NT. Ngo-2001 isabelo semarike kwenkqubo yokusebenza ye-Linux yayingu-25 ekhulwini; ezinye i-unix zivumba iipesenti ezili-12. Kwi-front front client, iMicrosoft ilawula i-market system inkqubo kunye ne-90% isabelo semakethe.
Ngenxa yezenzo zokuthengisa ezenzakalisayo zeMicrosoft, izigidi zabasebenzisi abangayazi ukuba yintoni inkqubo yokusebenza esisebenzise iinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows ezinikwe zona xa zithenga ii-PC zazo. Abanye abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba kukho iinkqubo zokusebenza ngaphandle kweWindows. Wena, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulapha ufunde eli nqaku kwaye mhlawumbi uzama ukwenza izigqibo ezicacileyo ze-OS malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhaya okanye kwintlangano yakho. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka ubuncinane unike ingqalelo kwi-Unix, ingakumbi ukuba ezi zilandelayo zichaphazelekayo kwindawo yakho.
Izinzuzo ze Unix
- Unix iguquguqukayo kwaye ingafakwa kwiintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, kuquka iikhomputha ze-mainframe, ii-supercomputers kunye ne-computer-micro.
- Unix izinzile kwaye ayihla phantsi rhoqo njengoko iWindows iyenzayo, ngoko ifuna ukulawulwa okungaphantsi kunye nokugcinwa.
- Unix inezikhuseleko ezinkulu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zokuvumela ngaphandle kweWindows.
- Unix inamandla amakhulu okucwangcisa ngaphezu kweWindows.
- Unix inkokeli ekusebenzeni iWebhu. Phantse i-90% ye-Intanethi ixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Unix ezisebenza kwi-Apache, iseva yomhlaba esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiWebhu, ekhululekile.
- Ukuphuculwa kweSofthiwe kwiMicrosoft idinga ukuba umsebenzisi athenge i-software entsha okanye ngaphezulu yeprojekthi yesofthiwe. Akunjalo ne Unix.
- Iinkqubo ezisetyenziswayo ezikhululekile okanye ezingabizi zixhobo ezivulekileyo, ezifana neLinux kunye ne-BSD, ngokuguquguquka kwazo nokulawula, zibonakalisa zikhangeleke kakhulu kwiimfuno zekhompyutha. Abaninzi abaprogram abahlakaniphile bahlakulela isofthiwe yezobugcisa be-state ngaphandle kwentlawulo ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza "ukunyuka-mthombo ovulekileyo".
- I-unix iphinde ivuselele iindlela zokuveliswa kwesoftware, njengokusombulula iingxaki ngokudibanisa amathuluzi alula kunokuba idale iiprogram ezinkulu zezicelo ze-monolithi.
Khumbula , akukho namnye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokusebenza onokunika iimpendulo zendalo yonke kwiimfuno zakho zekhompuyutha. Ngokuphathelele ukhetho kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifundisiweyo.