Inkqubo yokusebenza (OS) yinkqubo evumela ukuba usebenze kunye nekhompyutheni - yonke isofthiwe kunye ne-hardware kwikhompyuter yakho. Njani?
Ngokukodwa, kukho iindlela ezimbini.
- Ngendlela yokusebenza yomgca womyalelo (umz., I-DOS), uthayipha umyalelo wombhalo kwaye ikhompyutheni iyaphendula ngoko myalelo.
- Ngendlela yokusebenza yomsebenzisi (i-GUI) yomsebenzisi (umzekelo, iWindows), usebenzisana nekhompyutheni ngokusebenzisa umzobo ocacileyo kunye neefoto ngokusebenzisa imouse kunye nekhibhodi.
Nge Unix unakho ngokubanzi ukhetho lokusebenzisa umgca wemiyalelo (ukulawula okungakumbi kunye nokuguquguquka) okanye ii-GUI (kulula).
Unix kunye neWindows: iiKlasi eziMibini ezinkulu zeeNkqubo zokuSebenza
Kwaye banembali yokhuphiswano kunye nekamva. Unix isetyenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Ekuqaleni kwenyuka emlonyeni wezame ezingaphumeleli ekuqaleni kwee-1960 ukuphuhlisa inkqubo efanelekileyo yokusebenza kwexesha. Abambalwa abasinda kwiBell Labs abazange bayeke kwaye bavelise inkqubo eyenza indawo yokusebenza echazwe ngokuthi "yinto elula, amandla kunye nobuchule obungavamile".
Ukususela ngowe-1980 umqhubi omkhulu we-Unix iWindows iye yafumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla ama-microcomputers kunye nabaprosesa abahambelana ne-Intel. I-Windows, ngelo xesha, yayiyi-OS kuphela eyona nto eyenzelwe ukulolu hlobo lwabaprofeti. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, inguqulelo entsha ye -Unix ibiza ngokuba yiLuxu , ibuye iqhutywe ngokukodwa kwi-microcomputers, ivele. Inokufunyanwa mahhala kwaye ngoko ke, ukhetho olucebisa abantu ngabanye namashishini.
Kwi-front front, i-Unix ivaliwe kwi-Microsoft share share market. Ngo-1999, iLuxux yahlawula i-Novell yeNetware eyedlulileyo ukuba ibe yinkqubo yokusebenza yeseva yesi-2 emva kwe-Windows NT. Ngo-2001 isabelo semarike kwenkqubo yokusebenza ye-Linux yayingu-25 ekhulwini; ezinye i- unix zivumba iipesenti ezili-12. Kwi-front front client, iMicrosoft ilawula i-market system inkqubo kunye ne-90% isabelo semakethe.
Ngenxa yezenzo zokuthengisa ezenzakalisayo zeMicrosoft, izigidi zabasebenzisi abangayazi ukuba yintoni inkqubo yokusebenza esisebenzise iinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows ezinikwe zona xa zithenga ii-PC zazo. Abanye abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba kukho iinkqubo zokusebenza ngaphandle kweWindows. Kodwa ulapha ufunda inqaku malunga neendlela zokusebenza, oku kuthetha ukuba uzama ukwenza iinqununu zezigqibo ze-OS malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhaya okanye kwimibutho yakho. Kwimeko apho, kufuneka ubuncinane unike ingqalelo kwi-Linux / Unix yakho, ingakumbi ukuba ezi zilandelayo zichaphazelekayo kwindawo yakho.
Izinzuzo ze Unix
Unix iguquguqukayo kwaye ingafakwa kwiintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, kuquka iikhomputha ze-mainframe, ii-supercomputers kunye ne-computer-micro.
Unix izinzile kwaye ayihla phantsi rhoqo njengoko iWindows iyenzayo, ngoko ifuna ukulawulwa okungaphantsi kunye nokugcinwa.
Unix inezikhuseleko ezinkulu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zokuvumela ngaphandle kweWindows.
Unix inamandla amakhulu okucwangcisa ngaphezu kweWindows.
Unix inkokeli ekusebenzeni iWebhu. Phantse i-90% ye-intanethi ithembele kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Unix eziqhuba i-Apache, iseva yeWebhu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi.
Ukuphuculwa kweSofthiwe kwiMicrosoft idinga ukuba umsebenzisi athenge i-software entsha okanye ngaphezulu yeprojekthi yesofthiwe. Akunjalo ne Unix.
Iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza ezikhululekile okanye ezingabizi-mali , ezifana neLuxux kunye ne-BSD, ngokuguquguquka kwazo nokulawula, ziyakhathalela kakhulu iifowuni ze-computer. Abaninzi beprogram abahlakaniphile bahlakulela isofthiwe ye-state-of-the-art ezamahala inkokhelo ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza "ukunyuka-mthombo ovulekileyo".
I-unix iphinde ivuselele iindlela zokuveliswa kwesoftware, njengokusombulula iingxaki ngokudibanisa amathuluzi alula kunokuba idale iiprogram ezinkulu zezicelo ze-monolithi.
Khumbula, akukho namnye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokusebenza onokunika iimpendulo zendalo yonke kwiimfuno zakho zekhompuyutha. Ngokuphathelele ukhetho kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifundisiweyo.