Ipakethi iyunithi eyisiseko yokunxibelelana kwinethiwekhi yedijithali. Ipakethi ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-datagram, inxalenye, ibhloko, iseli okanye isakhelo, kuxhomekeke kwiprothothi esetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwedatha. Xa idatha kufuneka idluliselwe, iqulethwe kwizakhiwo ezifanayo zedatha ngaphambi kokudluliselwa, ezibizwa ngokuba zizipakethi, eziye zahlanganiswa kwi-original data chunk xa zifikelela kwindawo yazo.
Ulwakhiwo lwePakethe yeDatha
Isakhiwo sepakethe kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwepakethi kunye kunye neprotocol. Funda ngaphezulu ngezantsi kwiipakethi kunye neeprotoksi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ipakethi inomxholo kunye nokuhlawula umvuzo.
Inhloko igcina ulwazi oluphezulu malunga nepakethi, inkonzo, kunye nolunye ulwazi oluhambelana nokudluliselwa. Umzekelo, ukudluliswa kwedatha kwi-intanethi kudinga ukuphula phantsi idatha kwiipakethi ze-IP, ezichazwe kwi-IP (iProtokholi ye-intanethi), kwaye ipakethe ye-IP iquka:
- Idilesi ye-IP yomthombo, leyo idilesi ye - IP yomshini othumela idatha.
- Idilesi ye-IP yokuya kuyo, umatshini okanye idivaysi apho uthunyelwa khona idatha.
- Ukulandelelana kwenani leepakethi, inamba ebeka iipakethi ukwenzela ukuba ibuye ifumaneke ngendlela yokufumana idatha yangaphambili njengokuba yayingaphambi kokuhambisa.
- Uhlobo lwenkonzo
- Iiflegi
- Kwaye ezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa
- Umrhumo wokuhlawula, omelela ubuninzi bepakethe (konke oku ngasentla kuthathwa njengongaphezulu), kwaye ngokwenene idatha ithathwa.
Iipakethi kunye namaProtocol
Iipakethi ziyahlukahluka kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kwiiprogram ezisebenzayo. I-VoIP isebenzisa iprothotho ye-IP, kwaye ke iipakethi ze-IP. Kwi- intanethi ye- Ethernet , umzekelo, idatha idluliselwa kwiifom ze-Ethernet .
Kwiprotokholi ye-IP, iipakethi ze-IP zihamba nge-intanethi ngamaziko, ezi zixhobo kunye nee-routers (ezobuchwepheshe zibizwa ngokuba ziindawo kule mongo) zifunyenwe endleleni ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwindawo eya kuyo. Iipakethe nganye zihanjiswe kwindawo ekuya kuyo ngokusekelwe kwidilesi yayo kunye neendawo zokuya kuyo. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, i-router inquma, ngokusekelwe kubalo olubandakanya iinkcukacha zeenethwekhi kunye neendleko, apho i-node engumakhelwane isebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ukuthumela ipakethi.
Le node iyasebenza kakhulu ukuthumela ipakethi. Le nxalenye yepakethi yokutshintsha leyo iqhube iipakethi kwi-Intanethi kwaye ngamnye wabo ufumana indlela eya kuyo. Le ndlela isebenzisa isiseko esisezantsi se-Intanethi mahhala, eyona sizathu esona sibizo se-VoIP kunye ne-Intanethi ngokukhululekile okanye ngokuncinci kakhulu.
Ngokuchasene ne-telephony yendabuko apho umgca okanye isiphaluka phakathi komthombo kunye nendawo yokuya kuyo kufuneka inikezelwe kwaye igcinwe (ebizwa ngokuba yintshukumo yokutshintsha), ngoko ke indleko enzima, ukupakisha ipakethe kuxhaphaza amanxibelelwano asele akhona mahhala.
Omnye umzekelo yi-TCP (iProduction Control Protocol), esebenza ne-IP kulokho esikubiza ngokuba yi-TCP / IP. I-TCP inoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba ukudluliswa kwedatha kuyathembeka. Ukufezekisa oko, ihlola ukuba ngaba iipakethi zifikile ukwenzela ukuba ngaba iipakethi zilahlekile okanye ziphindiwe, nokuba ngaba kukho ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwepakethe. Ilawula oku ngokubeka ixesha lokuphumla kunye nempawu ezibizwa ngokuba zivuma.
Okukwintsusa
Idatha ihamba kwiipakethi kwiinkqubo zedijithali kunye nayo yonke idatha esiyidlayoyo, ingaba itekisi, i-audio, imifanekiso okanye ividyo, ziza zaphuka zibe ngamapakethi aphinde ahlanganiswe kwiinkcukacha zethu okanye kwiikhomputha. Yingakho, umzekelo, xa umfanekiso ulawula uxhulumaniso olusisinyanisekileyo, ubona amaqhosha ayo avela omnye emva komnye.