Inkcazo ye-IP dilesi kwaye kutheni zonke iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo zifuna enye
Idilesi ye-IP, ifutshane kwi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-intanethi, inombolo yesazisi yecandelo le- hardware yenethiwekhi. Ukufumana idilesi ye-IP kuvumela idivaysi ukuba inxibelelwano namanye amadivaysi phezu kwenethiwekhi yase-IP njenge-intanethi.
Ininzi idilesi ze-IP ibonakala ngathi:
151.101.65.121Ezinye idilesi ze-IP onokuzifumana zingakhangela ngaphezulu:
2001: 4860: 4860 :: 8844Kukho okungakumbi kwizinto ezichazwayo kwii- Versions IP (IPv4 vs IPv6) ngezantsi.
Iyiphi idilesi ye-IP esetyenziswayo?
Idilesi ye-IP inikezela ubunikazi kwidivaysi yomnatha. Efana nedilesi yekhaya okanye yezoshishino ezinika indawo ebonakalayo kunye nedilesi echongiweyo, iifayili kwinethwekhi zahluke phakathi kwelinye ngee dilesi ze-IP.
Ukuba ndiza kuthumela ipakethe kumhlobo wam kwelinye ilizwe, kufuneka ndikwazi ukufika ngqo. Akwanele nje ukubeka iphakheji negama lakhe kuyo ngeposi kwaye ulindele ukuba lifike kuye. Ndimele endaweni yoko ndifake idilesi ethile kuyo, ongayenza ngokuyijonga kwincwadi yefowuni.
Le nkqubo efanayo iya kusetyenziswa xa ithumela idatha kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokusebenzisa incwadi yefowuni ukujonga igama lomnye umntu ukufumana idilesi yakhe, ikhompyutha yakho isebenzisa amaseva e-DNS ukujonga igama lomninimzi ukufumana idilesi yalo ye-IP.
Umzekelo, xa ndifaka iwebhusayithi njenge- www. kwisiphequluli sam, isicelo sam ukulayisha loo khasi sithunyelwa kwiiseva ze-DNS ezijongene nelo gama lomncedisi () ukufumana idilesi ye-IP ehambelana nayo (151.101.65.121). Ngaphandle kwedilesi ye-IP iqhotyoshelweyo, ikhompyutheni yam iya kuba yinkcazelo into yokuba ndiyilandela.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeNkcukacha ze IP
Nangona uvile ngee-adesi ze- IP ngaphambili, awukwazi ukuba kukho iindidi ezithile zee -aderesi ze-IP. Nangona zonke iilesi ze-IP zenziwe ngamanani okanye iileta, akuzona zonke iadesi ezisetyenziselwa injongo efanayo.
Kukho iidilesi ze-IP zangasese, iidilesi ze-IP zoluntu, idilesi ze- static IP kunye nee-IP zamakheli ezinamandla . Yiyo eyahlukileyo! Ukulandela ezo ziqhagamshelwano ziya kunika ulwazi olungakumbi malunga noko bathetha ngalunye. Ukongeza kwinkimbinkimbi, idilesi nganye ye-IP idilesi ingaba idilesi ye-IPv4 okanye idilesi ye-IPv6 kwakhona, ngaphezulu kule izantsi kweli phepha.
Ngamafutshane, iiliti ze-IP zangasese zisetyenziselwa "ngaphakathi" inethiwekhi, njengokuba mhlawumbi ugijima ekhaya. Ezi ntlobo zee-adresi zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ukuba iifowuni zakho zixhumane nomzila wakho kunye nazo zonke ezinye izixhobo kwinethiwekhi yakho yangasese. Amakheli e-IP yangasese angasetwa ngesandla okanye abelwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngu-router yakho.
Iilwimi ze-IP zoluntu zisetyenziselwa "ngaphandle" kwintanethi yakho kwaye zabelwe yi- ISP yakho. Yona dilesi ephakamileyo apho isekhaya lakho okanye inethwekhi yezorhwebo isebenzisa ukuthetha kunye nazo zonke izixhobo ezixhunyiwe kwihlabathi (ie intanethi). Inika indlela yokusebenzisa iifayile ekhaya lakho, umzekelo, ukufikelela kwi-ISP yakho, ngoko ke ihlabathi langaphandle, uvumela ukuba benze izinto ezinjengewebhusayithi zokufikelela kunye nokuthetha ngokuthe ngqo nakwiikhomputha zabanye abantu.
Iibhanki ze-IP ezizimeleyo kunye nee-IP zamakheli zikarhulumente zichanekile okanye ziyi-static, oko kuthetha ukuba, ngokulandelanayo, zitshintshe okanye zithethi.
Idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe yi- DHCP iseva yile dilesi ye-IP. Ukuba ifowuni ayinayo i-DHCP inikwe amandla okanye ayiyixhasi ke idilesi ye-IP kufuneka ibelwe ngesandla, apho idilesi ye-IP ibizwa ngokuba yi-IP ye-static idilesi.
Indlela yokufumana idilesi yakho ye-IP
Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zifuna amanyathelo ahlukileyo ukufumana idilesi ye-IP. Kukho amanyathelo ahlukeneyo anokuthatha ukuba ufuna idilesi ye-IP yoluntu enikezelwe yona yi-ISP yakho, okanye ukuba ufuna ukubona idilesi ye-IP yangasese evezwe ngumqhubi wakho.
Idilesi ye-IP yoluntu
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana idilesi ye-IP yomntu we-router kodwa iisayithi ezinjenge-IP inkukhu, i-WhatsMyIP.org, okanye i-WhatIsMyIPAddress.com yenza oku kulula kakhulu. Ezi ziza zisebenza kwiphina ifowuni exhunyiwe kunxibelelwano exhasa isiphequluli sewebhu, njenge-smartphone yakho, i-iPod, i-laptop, ideskithophu, ithebhulethi , njl.
Ukufumana idilesi yangasese ye-IP yesicaciso esithile esisekho akulula.
Idilesi ye IP yangasese
Kwi-Windows, ungayifumana idilesi ye-IP yedivayisi yakho nge- Prompt Command , usebenzisa umyalelo we- ipconfig .
Iphulo: Uyabona njani Ndiyifumana idilesi ye-IP yangasese ye-Gateway? ukuba ufuna ukufumana idilesi ye-IP yomzila wakho, okanye nayiphi na ifowuni esebenzisa inethiwekhi yakho ukufikelela kwi-intanethi.
Abasebenzisi beLinux bangaqalisa iqhosha lokugcina kwaye bafake igama lomninimzi- myalelo -I (leyo yinkunzi "i"), ifconfig , okanye ip addr show .
Ku-macOS, sebenzisa umyalelo ukuba ifconfig ukufumana idilesi ye-IP yangaphakathi.
I-iPhone, i-iPad kunye ne-iPod touch devices zibonisa idilesi ye-IP yangasese kwi-App yezixhobo kwi- Wi-Fi menu. Ukukubona, thinta kuphela inkinobho encinane ethi "i" ecaleni kwintanethi exhunyiwe kuyo.
Uyakwazi ukubona idilesi ye-IP yangasese ye-Android ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso> Wi-Fi , okanye kwiZixhobo> Ulawulo lwe-Wireless> Izicwangciso ze-Wi-Fi kwezinye iinguqulelo ze-Android. Thepha nje kwi-intanethi ukuza kubona iwindi elitsha ebonisa ulwazi lwenethiwekhi olubandakanya idilesi ye-IP yangasese.
Iinguquko ze IP (IPv4 vs IPv6)
Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ze-IP: IPv4 ne- IPv6 . Ukuba uvile ngale migaqo, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba yangaphambili ikhulile, kwaye ngoku iphelelwe yisikhathi, inguqulelo ngelixa i-IPv6 yinguqulo ye-IP ephuculweyo.
Esinye isizathu sokuba iPv6 ithathe indawo ye-IPv4 kukuba inokunika inani elikhulu lee-IP kunee-IPv4 ezivumelayo. Ngezo zonke iifowuni esizixhomekeke rhoqo kwi-intanethi, kubalulekile ukuba kukho idilesi ekhethekileyo ekhoyo nganye.
Indlela i-IPv4 dilesi ezakhiwa ngayo ithetha ukuba iyakwazi ukubonelela ngee-IP zee-adresi ze-IP eziqhelekileyo ezingaphezulu kwe-4 (2 32 ). Nangona eli liqela elikhulu lamakheli, alinelisekanga kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo abantu abasebenzisa kwi-intanethi.
Cinga ngako-kukho abantu abali-billion abantu emhlabeni. Nangona bonke abantu beplanethi babenesixhobo esisodwa esisetyenziselwe ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, i-IPv4 yayisayi kuba nelanele ukubonelela idilesi ye-IP kubo bonke.
I-IPv6, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isekela i-340 trillion, ii-trillion, ii-trillion idilesi (2 128 ). Yiyo-340 ene-12 zeroes! Oku kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu emhlabeni angakwazi ukudibanisa izigidi zezixhobo kwi-intanethi. Enyanisweni, inxalenye ye-overkill, kodwa uyabona indlela IPv6 iphumelele ngayo le ngxaki.
Ukujonga oku kunceda ukuqonda ukuba zingaphi ii-IP ezidibanisa isikimu se-IPv6 sokulungisa ivumela iPv4. Yenza sengathi isitampu sinikezela ngokwaneleyo indawo yokugcina idilesi nganye ye-IPv4. I-IPv6, ngoko, ukukhawuleza, iya kufuna yonke inkqubo yelanga ukuba iqulethe zonke iidilesi zayo.
Ukongeza kwi-adware ye-IP ngaphezu kwe-IPv4, i-IPv6 inenzuzo eyongeziweyo yokungabikho kwee dilesi ze-IP ezibangelwa zizixhobo ezizimeleyo, ukucwangcisa ngokuzenzekelayo, akukho sizathu soNxibelelwano lweeNethwekhi zeNethwekhi (NAT) , ukuhamba ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukuphathwa lula, okwakhiwe -ngabucala, kunye nokunye.
I-IPv4 ibonisa idilesi njengombhalo weenombolo ezingama-32 ezibhalwe kwifomati yedali, njenge-207.241.148.80 okanye i-192.168.1.1. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iilidi ezi-trillions ze-IPv6 dilesi, kufuneka zibhaliswe kwi- hexadecimal ukuba zibonise, njengefayile: 1900: 4545: 3: 200: f8ff: fe21: 67cf.