I- Domain Name System (DNS) igcina amagama kunye needesi zamaseva e-Intanethi. Njengoko iWebhu yakhula, i-DNS yandisa ngokukhawuleza amandla ayo okufanisa, okubangele inethwekhi yomhlaba wonke wamawaka amaninzi eikhomputha namhlanje. Ukuphazamisa abahlobo bakho be-techie ngokufunda kunye nokwabelana ngezi ngxaki ezithandayo malunga neDNS.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala
Amaphepha amabini nguPaul Mockapetris ashicilelwe ngoNovemba ka-1983-abiza i-RFC 882 kunye ne-RFC 883-yabonisa ukuqala kwe-DNS. Ngaphambi kwe-DNS, inkqubo yoluntu inokuthi ichongwe nje ngegama layo lomkhosi, kwaye iadesi zazo zonke iibhokisi zigcinwe kwifayile enye enkulu (ebizwa ngokuthi "hosts hosts") eyaba nzima ukuba ilawulwe njengamanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni akhula ngee-1970 nowe-1980. I-DNS yandise le nkqubo yegama elilodwa lenkcazo kwiqela elilodwa ngokufaka ii-domains zenkxaso-enye okanye amagama angaphezulu anokongezwa kwigama lomninimzi, ngalinye lihlukaniswe yicatshulwa (.).
I-6 kuphela ye-TLDs yasekuqaleni
Kwii-domains ezingaphezulu kwama-700 aphezulu (TLDs) ngoku zikhoyo kwi-Intanethi (kubandakanye amagama anqabileyo anjenge .rocks kunye .soy). Ibhunga le-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeeNina eziMiselweyo kunye neNombolo (ICANN) ilawula ulwabiwo lwazo - jonga uluhlu lwe-ICANN lwamanqanaba aphezulu.
Xa kuqala kuqaliswa kuma-1980, ke, i-DNS ichaza kuphela i-TLD kuphela ezintandathu - .com, .edu, .gov, .net, .net kunye .org. Ukwandiswa okukhulu kwegama legama lesiqalo kwaqala ngowama-2011 ngenjongo yokuhlenga ngcono iiWebhsayithi ngokuphathelele injongo yazo.
Okunye: IiNdawo eziPhambili zeNtshumo ze-Intanethi (i-TLDs) zichazwe
Iingingqi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100 ezibhalisiweyo
Ininzi yamagama wesizinda se-intanethi njenge "about.com" kunye ne "mit.edu" inxulumene nezikolo okanye amashishini, ngelixa abantu babhalisa abanye kwiinjongo zabo. Zonke izigidi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibhalisiweyo zikhona phantsi kwe-.com kuphela. Ezi ncwadana nezinye ezithandekayo ze-DNS zifumaneka kwi-DomainTools Internet Statistics.
Imisebenzi kwiBini eliPhambili kunye neNguqulelo
Uninzi lwezicelo kwi-DNS ziquka ukuguqula amagama omkhosi weewebhu kunye nezinye iiseva ze-intanethi kwii- IP idilesi , ezibizwa ngokuba yi-DNS lookups. I-DNS isebenza kwinqanaba elichaziweyo, ukuguqulela iidilesi kumagama. Nangona i-DNS lookups eqhubekayo ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, inceda abalawuli benethwekhi benenkinga. Izixhobo ezinjenge- ping kunye ne-traceroute zenza i-back lookups, umzekelo.
Okunye: Phambili kwaye uphinde ulandelelanise i-IP Address Lookups
Unemizila engama-13
I-DNS iqulela amaseva ayo kwi-hierarchy ukuze incedise ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa komnxibelelwano phakathi kwamaseva kunye nokwenza ukugcinwa kwenkqubo kulula. Zonke iinkqubo zobunjengobudala ezifana ne-DNS yakha inqanaba eliphezulu (elibizwa ngokuba yi "ingcambu") ukusuka apho amanqanaba aphantsi angakwazi ukufaka igalelo. Ngenxa yezizathu zobugcisa, i-DNS yanamhlanje ixhasa ama-server angama-13 engcambu kunegama elilodwa. Ngayinye yale micimbi, ngokuthakazelisayo, ibizwa ngokuba yileta enye - eqala ngo-'A 'kwaye iqhutyelwa kwileta' M '. (Qaphela ukuba ezi nkqubo ziyingcambu-servers.net I-intanethi ye-intanethi, ukwenza amagama abo afanelekileyo ngokupheleleyo afana ne "a.root-servers.net," umzekelo.)
Okunye: I-13 DNS Root Name Server
I-Target Target for Hacking Web Sites
Iindaba ze- DNS ukugxeka iziganeko zivela kwiindaba ezininzi kakhulu. Ukugxotha kufaka i-hacker eyafikelela kwiirekhodi zeeseva ze-DNS kwiWebhsayithi ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye ziguqule ukuba zihanjiswe iindwendwe kwisayithi lomnye umntu, Xa umsebenzisi we-Intanethi ehambela isayithi elixakile, i-DNS iyalela ukuba umsebenzisi-mkhangeli ucele idatha evela indawo ekhohlisayo. Qaphela ukuba abahlaseli abangekho mfuneko yokuba bangene kwi-DNS ngokwayo kodwa banokungcolisa inkonzo yokusingatha isizinda ngokuzenza njengabalawuli bewebhu.