Uninzi lwabantu lubheka ukwandiswa kwefayili uze uqikelele uhlobo lwefayili ukusuka kweso sandiso. Umzekelo xa ubona ifayile kunye nokongezwa kwe gif, jpg, bmp okanye png uya kucinga ngomfanekiso wesifayile kwaye xa ubona ifayile kunye nokongezwa kwe-zip ucinga ukuba ifayile ifakwe kucaciswe usebenzisa i-zip compression utility .
Enyanisweni ifayile inokuba nelinye isongezelelo kodwa ibe yinto ehluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukuba ifayile ayinakwandiswa njani ungayifumana njani uhlobo lwefayile?
Kwi-Linux unokufumana ifayile yeefayile yangempela usebenzisa umyalelo wefayili.
Indlela I-File Command Works
Ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu, umyalelo wefayile uqhuba ezintathu zeesethi zeemvavanyo malunga nefayili:
- iimvavanyo zenkqubo
- iimvavanyo zomlingo
- iimvavanyo zolwimi
Isethi yokuqala yeemvavanyo ukubuyisela impendulo evumelekileyo yenza ukuba uhlobo lwefayile luprintwe.
Uvavanyo lweeFilesystem luhlola ukubuyela kwi-call system. Inkqubo ihlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile ayinalutho kwaye ingaba ifayile ekhethekileyo. Ukuba uhlobo lwefayile lufumaneka kwifayile yefayile yenkqubo luya kubuyiselwa njengoluhlobo olufanelekileyo lwefayili.
Uvavanyo lomlingo luhlolisisa okubhaliweyo kwefayili kwaye ngokukodwa iibhayithi ezimbalwa ekuqaleni ekuncedeni ukuchonga uhlobo lwefayile. Kukho iifayile ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa iifayile kunye nefayile yefayile yayo kwaye ezi zigcinwe / / etc / magic, / usr / share / misc / magic.mgc, / usr / share / misc / magic. Unokugqithisa ezi fayile ngokufaka ifayile kwifolda yakho yasekhaya ebizwa ngokuba yi-HOME HOME / .magic.mgc okanye i-HOME HOME / .magic.
Iimvavanyo zokugqibela ziilwimi zolwimi. Ifayile ihlolwe ukuba ibone ifayile yombhalo. Ngokuvavanya ii-bytes zokuqala zefayili unokwazi ukuba ingaba yi-ASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16 okanye kwenye ifomathi enquma ifayile njengefayili yombhalo. Emva kokuba isetyenzisi somdlalo sichithwe i fayile ivavanywa kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo yiprogram ye-ac ac.
Ukuba akukho naluphi lweemvavanyo olusebenzayo umphumo kuphela kwedatha.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-File Command
Umyalelo wefayile unokusetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
ifayile yefayile
Umzekelo, cinga ukuba unefayile ebizwa ngefayile1 uya kuqhuba umyalelo olandelayo:
ifayile yefayile1
Imveliso iya kuba yinto enje:
Ifayile1: Idatha yesithombe se-PNG, 640 x 341, i-8-bit / umbala we-RGB, engekho i-interlaced
Isiphumo esibonisiweyo sibonisa ifayile1 ukuba ifayile yefayile okanye ibe yifayile eqingqiweyo yefayile yomfanekiso (PNG).
Iifayile zeefayile ezahlukeneyo zivelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ngale ndlela:
- Uhlobo lwefayile ye-ISO - icandelo lebhokisi le-DOS / MBR icandelo le-ISO 9660 le-CD-Rom 'ilebula' (ifowuni); isahlulo sesi-2: i-ID = 0xef, iqalisa-CHS (0x3ff, 254,63), ekupheleni kwe-CHS (0x3ff, 4,63) uqale isiqendu 1496, 4736
- Uhlobo lwefayile yeODS - I-OpenDocument Spreadsheet
- Uhlobo lwefayili ye-PDF - I-PDF Document, version 1.4
- Uhlobo lwefayili lwe-CSV - umbhalo we-ASCII, kunye nemigca ende, kunye nezikhombisi zomgca we-CRLF
Yenza ngokwezifiso I-Output evela kwi-File Command
Ngokungagqibekanga, umyalelo wefayile unika igama lefayile kunye nazo zonke iinkcukacha ezingentla kwifayile. Ukuba ufuna nje iinkcukacha ngaphandle kwegama lefayile ngokuphindaphindiweyo sebenzisa umtshintsho olandelayo:
ifayile -b fayile1
Imveliso iya kuba yinto enje:
Idatha yesithombe se-PNG, i-640 x 341, i-8-bit / umbala weRGB, engekho inxaxheba
Ungatshintsha kwakhona i-delimiter phakathi kwegama lefayile kunye nohlobo.
Ngokungagqibekanga, i-delimiter iyi-colon (:) kodwa ungayitshintsha nantoni na oyithandayo njengophawu lombhobho njengolu hlobo:
ifayile -F '|' ifayile 1
Isiphumo ngoku siya kuba yinto enje:
fayile1 | Idatha yesithombe se-PNG, i-640 x 341, i-8-bit / umbala weRGB, engekho inxaxheba
Ukuphatha iiFayile ezininzi
Ngokungagqibekanga, uya kusebenzisa umyalelo wefayili malunga nefayile enye. Kodwa, ungacacisa igama lefayile eliqulethwe uluhlu lweefayile eziza kucutshungulwa ngumyalelo wefayile:
Njengomzekelo uvule ifayile ebizwa ngokuba ngamafayili okuhlola usebenzisa umhleli we-nano kwaye ungeze le miqolo kuyo:
- / etc / passwd
- /etc/pam.conf
- / etc / opt
Gcina ifayile uze usebenzise umyalelo wefayile elandelayo:
ifayili -ffayile zokuhlola
Imveliso iya kuba yinto enje:
/ etc / passwd: Umbhalo we-ASCII
/etc/pam.conf: Umbhalo we-ASCII
/ njll / opt: isixhobo
Iifayile ezixinezelekileyo
Ngokungagqibekanga xa uqhuba umyalelo wefayile ngokumelene nefayili egxininisiweyo uza kubona umkhiqizo into enje:
ifayile.zip: Idatha yolondolozo lwe-ZIP, ubuncinane i-V2.0 ukukhishwa
Nangona oku kukuxelela ukuba ifayile yifayile ye-archive awukwazi ngokwenene into ekhoyo kwifayile. Unokujonga ngaphakathi kwefayili ye-zip ukubona iifayile zeefayile kwiifayile ezixinzelelweyo.
Umyalelo olandelayo uqhuba umyalelo wefayile malunga neefayile ngaphakathi kwefayile ye-ZIP:
ifayile -igama lefayile
Imveliso iza kubonisa iifayile zeefayile kwiifayile.
Isishwankathelo
Ngokubanzi, abaninzi abantu baya kusebenzisa nje umyalelo wefayile ukuze bafumane uhlobo olusisiseko lwefayile kodwa ukuba bafumane okungakumbi malunga nawo onke amathuba anikwe umyalelo wefayili unika uluhlu olulandelayo kwi window window:
ifayile yomntu