Linux - Unius Unix
Kwihlabathi eliphambili elihamba phambili lekhompyutheni yekhompyutha, nantoni na eyenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo ibonakala yimbali yasendulo. Ngaphandle kwemvelaphi yeLuxux, eyayibe yintsana entsha kwi-block ye-Unix, qalisa ukusa kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Iimpawu zokuqala zeLuxux zingasemva emva kwe-IBM AT ngexesha elifanelekileyo le-PC malunga ne-1991 AC Umfundi oselula kwiYunivesithi yaseHelsinki, eFinland, wayenombono: ukwakha inkqubo ye-Unix efana ne-PC ye-IBM. Umfundi, iLinus Torwalds, wayezama nge-Minix, i-Unix OS yamahhala ye-PC, ekhutshwe ngu-Andrew S. Tanenbaum esuka e-Amsterdam, e-Netherlands. ULinus wayefuna ukuphuhlisa i-Unix OS kwi-PC yakhe eyayihlula ukulinganiselwa kwe-Minix. Kwenzeka nje ukuba i-PC yokwakha, apho yavelisa i-Unix OS yakhe entsha kunye neyophucukileyo, yayiza kuguquka kumgca we-computer ophumeleleyo kakhulu. Oku kwakhiwa isiseko sokuthandwa ngokukhawuleza kweLinux. Isakhono sikaLinus kunye nokusebenza kanzima kunye nenkxaso evela kuluntu ovulekileyo umthombo.
Ngethuba lesibini kwisiqingatha se-1991, into engacatshulwayo yaqala ukuba yinyani xa iLinus yenze inguqu 0.02 yezinto ezaza kwaziwa ngokuba yi "Linux" (" Linu s 'Uni x ") efumanekayo kwindawo yoluntu evulekile. Ngo-1994 wayekulungele ukukhulula i-Linux Kernel yokuqala (version 1.0) kwihlabathi. Kwakuba sekuphelile, kwasasazeka, yafumana amandla kwaye yaguquka kwiintlobo zeentlobo ("izabelo"). Namhlanje, kukho uqikelelo abasebenzisi be-Linux abayi-29 yezigidi; baninzi ababandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni isofthiwe kunye nokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwekernel.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthandwa kweLinux zivela kwilayisenisi apho ikhutshwe khona, i-GNU Jikelele yoLuntu. Iqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi yomthombo we-Linux ifumaneka ngokukhululekile kubo bonke abantu, kwaye wonke umntu unokufaka isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Oku kwanezela ngokuphindaphindiweyo amawaka abaprogram kwiqela le-Linux lophuhliso. Nangona ixhala lokuba abaninzi abapheka banokuyiphatha isobho, kuyaqhubeka kukuba inani elikhulu labavelisi be-Linux linikeze inkqubo yokusebenza engakhange ifikeleleke kunye nokuzinza, kunye neepakethi ze-software ezifumanekayo ngokukhululekileyo zoshishino kunye nolonwabo.
Emva koko makhe sijonge ezinye zeenzuzo zeLinux ezenze ukhetho lwenkqubo yokusebenza yezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele.
Linux Benevantages
- Iindleko eziphantsi: Akudingeki ukuba uchithe ixesha kunye nemali ukufumana iilayisenisi ukususela kwi-Linux kwaye ezininzi zesofthiwe yazo ziza ne-GNU Jikelele yoLuntu. Unokuqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuba isofthiwe yakho ingayeka ukusebenza nayiphi na ixesha kuba uvavanyo lwesilingo samahhala luphela. Ukongezelela, kukho iindawo ezinkulu zokugcina apho ungakwazi ukukhuphela ngokukhululekileyo isofthiwe yekhwalithi ephezulu malunga nayiphi na into onokuyicinga.
- Ukuzinza: I- Linux ayidingi ukuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza ukugcina amanqanaba okusebenza. Ayifakalisi okanye iyancipha ngaphezu kwexesha ngenxa yokuvuza kwememori kwaye. Amaxesha amaninzi aqhubekayo amakhulu emini (ukuya kunyaka okanye ngaphezulu) aqhelekanga.
- Ukusebenza: I- Linux inikeza ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okuphezulu kwimisebenzi kunye nakwiinkonzo. Iyakwazi ukuphatha amaninzi amaninzi abasebenzisi bexesha elifanayo, kwaye iyakwenza iikhomputha zonyaka ziphendule ngokwaneleyo ukuba zisebenzise kwakhona.
- Ubuhlobo bomnatha: I- Linux yenziwa yiqela labalimi kwi-intanethi kwaye ixhase ngokukodwa ukusebenza komnatha; Iinkqubo zabaxhasi kunye neeseva zinokusekwa lula kwikhomputer eqhuba i Linux. Iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi enjenge-network backups ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembeka ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela.
- Ukuzinza: I- Linux ingasetyenziselwa izicelo zeseva eziphezulu, izicelo ze desktop, kunye neenkqubo ezifakiwe. Ungagcina isikhala sedisk ngokufaka kuphela izixhobo ezifunekayo ekusebenziseni ethile. Unokukhawulela ukusetyenziswa kweekhomputha ezithile ngokufakela umzekelo kuphela izicelo zeofisi ezikhethiweyo esikhundleni se-suite.
- Ukuhambelana: Iqhuba zonke iipakethi zeeNyux eziqhelekileyo kwaye ziyakwenza zonke iifom zefayile eziqhelekileyo.
- Ukhetho: Inani elikhulu lezabelo zeLinux likunika ukhetho. Ukwabiwa ngalunye kuphuhliswa kwaye kuxhaswa yintlangano eyahlukileyo. Unokukhetha oko uthanda kakhulu; imisebenzi esemqoka iyafana; ezininzi zeekhompyutha zihamba kwiinkalo ezininzi.
- Ukufakela ngokukhawuleza nangokulula: Uninzi lwezabelo zeLinux ziza kunye nokufakeka komsebenzisi kunye neenkqubo zokusetha. Ukuhanjiswa kweLinux ezidumileyo ziza nezixhobo ezenza ukufakwa kwesofthiwe eyongezelelweyo ibonisa ukuba ngumsebenzisi onobuchule.
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokugcwele kwedisk disk: I- Linux iyaqhubeka isebenza kakuhle nangona idiski enzima iphelele.
- I-Multiultasking: I- Linux yenzelwe ukwenza izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye; umzekelo, umsebenzi omkhulu wokushicilela ngasemva awuyi kukhawuleza omnye umsebenzi wakho.
- Ukhuseleko: I- Linux yenye yeenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokusebenza. "Iindonga" kunye neenkqubo zokufumana iifayile zokufikelela kwiifayile zikhusela ukufikelela kwiindwendwe ezingafunekiyo okanye iintsholongwane. Abasebenzisi beLinux kufuneka bakhethe ukukhetha nokukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo isofthiwe, ngokungahlawulwanga, kwii-repositories eziku-intanethi equle amawaka eephakheji eziphezulu. Akukho ukuthengwa kwezinto ezifuna iinombolo zamakhadi ezikolo okanye ezinye iinkcukacha ezibucayi eziyimfuneko.
- Umthombo ovulekileyo: Ukuba uhlakulela isofthiwe efuna ulwazi okanye ukuguqulwa kwikhowudi yenkqubo yokusebenza, ikhowudi yomthombo we-Linux isesandleni sakho. Uninzi lwezicelo zeLuxux ziMthombo ovulekileyo.
Namhlanje ukuhlanganiswa kweekhomputha ezingabizi kunye neenkqubo ze-Linux eziphezulu ze-Linux zokusebenza kunye neprosoftware zinika izixazululo ezibiza ngokunyanisekileyo kokusetyenziswa kweefisi zasekhaya ezisemgangathweni kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwezoshishino nezenzululwazi. Ukhetho olukhoyo lwee Linux kunye ne- Linux software lungaba lukhulu kowokuqala, kodwa ukuba uyazi apho ukhangele khona, akufanele kuthathe ixesha elide ukuba ufumane ukhokelo olufanelekileyo lwe-intanethi.
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