Iziphambano eziphambili zeentlanzi ziba yinto ecacileyo kwimimandla emininzi, kwaye ziphazamisa bonke abachaphazelekayo. Ininzi yezilwanyana ezibethelwa yimoto iyafa, iimoto ezibetha iindlovu zingabangela ukuba kubekho umonakalo olungamawaka eedola, kwaye abantu kulawo mavili banokulimala kakhulu, kuze kube sekufeni. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ikhwelo leentonga liye lavela njengendlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela ezo ngozi, kodwa imibuzo ihleli malunga nokuba ngaba ikhwelo lomshuwalense lisebenza njengapapasho.
Kungokwemvelo ukukhangela iindlela zokuphepha ukugqithwa kwezilwanyana, kwaye abantu abaninzi bafungela ukuba izixhobo ezinjengekhanda zenzalo zisebenza. Nangona kunjalo, bonke ubungqina obukhoyo bubonakala bubonisa ubuchwephesha njengeziqakatheka ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye neendlela zokuphepha zokubambisana , kunye neendlela ezifana nokushayela okuzikhuselekileyo, njengokuba kusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ekukhuselaneni neentlanzi kunezikhwelo zeentonga.
Ingxaki yokukhula yeeColer Deer
Ngokutsho kweNkcazo ye-inshurensi ye-inshurensi, malunga nabaqhubi be-1: 169 e-United States badibanisa ne-deer ngo-2015. Ekubeni kunezigidi ezi-210 zeenqwelo-mvume ezigunyazisiweyo kweli lizwe, ezongezelela inani elincinci leembambano phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye neemoto ngonyaka.
Ukuphindaphinda kwama-collisions angamaqhekeza angaphinda alandelwe kumanani amaninzi, kubandakanywa ukwahlukana kwendawo yokuhlala, apho iindlovu ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziwele iindlela zokutshiza, kunye ne-acclimation encinane, ngaphezu kwezizukulwana, zenzalo kwindlebe yendlela. Iintlobo zentando ziye zavuselela kwiminyaka yamuva nje, ngenxa yemingcele yokuzingela kunye nokupheliswa kwezilwanyana ezinjengeengcuka ezivela kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya. Ekubeni kunabanye abaqhubi abanelayisenisi ngaphezulu kwendlela rhoqo ngonyaka, kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ziyaqhuma kwiindawo ezininzi, ukwanda kweentlanzi zontanga kubonakala kungenakukhunjulwa.
I-Deer yizilwanyana ezinzima ezineendawo ezidityanisiweyo eziphakanyiswe yimilenze emide, kungenxa yoko ukubetha iindumbu kudla ngokuyingozi kwilwanyana kunye nesithuthi. Ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kwiNkcazelo ye-inshurensi ye-inshurensi, umonakalo osemgangathweni oqhutywe yisithuthi kwi-collision kwenzana idibanisa ngaphezu kwama-3,000. Kwiimoto ezindala kunye namaloli, oko kudla ngokwaneleyo ukugqiba isithuthi.
Ngelixa abantu abangaba ngu-150 bafa ngeentlobo zeentlobo ngo-2008, kwaye abantu abangama-30 000 balimala, i-deer isaqhubeka ekupheleni kwe-deal. Enyanisweni, inani leesondo ezibulewe ngabazingeli ngonyaka liphindwe liphindwe ezintandathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunani lezinyamazane ezibulewe kwiingozi zeemoto.
Ngoxa abazingeli bathatha iidyitha ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezintandathu ngonyaka eMelika, ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-American Institute of Biological Sciences, abaqhubi bayabetha kwaye babulale ngaphezu kwesigidi sesigidi ngonyaka.
Inqubo Ebuhlungu Ngama-Whistles
Iingcamango ezisisiseko emva kwemisongo yomsongo kukuba zikhupha izandi ezinobungqina obunokuthi ziqaphele ingozi ezayo kwaye ziyesabise. Ingxolo ivame ukuveliswa ngumoya odlula kwikhwelo, esoloko iqhutywe phambi kwe-bumper okanye uphahla lwesithuthi. Imishulo yombane ikhona kwakhona.
Abakhiqizi kunye nabaxhasi bemibhombo yamadaka bathi iilonda kunye nezinye izilwanyana zinokuva ii-ultrasonic frequencies ezenziwe ngale ndlela, kodwa izandi ziphakame kakhulu ukuba abantu bazive. Ngaphezulu, bahlala bathi iilonda zizilwanyana ezilumkileyo, ngoko ke, ukuphakamisa ukubethela ikhwelo kuya kubangela ukuba bayeke okanye babalekele.
Ngeli xesha, bonke ubungqina bokuba imilomo yentshukumo isebenza ngokungathandekiyo, oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abayisebenzisayo bahlala bexhasayo ngobugcisa be-teknoloji. Ekubeni abantu abaninzi abafake imilomo yenzalo benze njalo emva kokubhikisana ngengozi, i-moose, okanye esinye isilwanyana esikhulu-okanye nakwezingozi ezininzi-ukungabikho kwezingozi ezongezelelweyo kubonakala njengobungqina bokuba imilomo iyasebenza, kwaye kunzima ukuphikisana amava.
Ngako-ke i-Doer Whistles Work?
Nangona ububungqina obungqina bokuba u-anecdotal uthi usebenze ngemishulo yemilomo, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zifakela ikhwelo lezintambo kuzo zonke iimoto okanye iilori zazo okanye zifuna ukuba abaqhubi babo bazifake kwizithuthi zabo, i-jury isaphuma.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kukho ubungqina bobubungqina bokuthi ikhwelo lentshukumo lisebenza kwindlela ebonakalayo enokunciphisa izingozi, kunye neengxelo zomshuwalense, unokulindela iinkampani zomshuwalense ukuba unikeze isaphulelo okanye unikezele ngemikhankaso yamahhala kumaphepha-nkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, okuchasene ngokwenene kuyinyaniso.
Uninzi lweenkampani zomshuwalense, ezihlala zinikeza izaphulelo zeteknoloji zokhuseleko ezifana ne-airbags okanye i-alamu zeemoto, azikhuthazi ukusetyenziswa kwemibhombo yamadaka, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi ezinjengo-Allstate no-Geico zincoma ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa ikhwelo.
Enye inkinga enokubalulekayo ingaba ikhwelo lombhobho lisebenza njengolukhangiso.
Iinkampani ezenza ezi zixhobo zibonisa ukuba zikhupha ii-ultrasonic frequencies eziyikratshiyo, ezizilwanyana eziqhelekileyo. Oku kubonakala kunengqiqo, kodwa akusikho into eqinisekisiwe ngayo nayiphi na ingqinisiso yangempela, engeyiyo i-anecdotal. Enyanisweni, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba imilomo-okanye ubuncinane iimveliso ezithile zikhangelelwe kwizifundo-ungakhange uvelise isandi se ultrasonic, esivunywa ngokubanzi njengama-frequency angaphezu kwama-20 kHz awela ngaphandle kwindlebe yabantu.
Akusiyo yonke ikhwelo yomsinga efuna ukuvelisa isandi se-ultrasonic, ngoko ukukhutshwa kweyona nto ayiyiyo imbambano yenyaniso kwintengiso. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba imilomo eyahlukeneyo yenza iifom ehlukeneyo, ngobunzima obuhlukeneyo, ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokuyila. Abanye bavelisa izandi ezenza iindumbu zikwazi ukuva, ngoko umbuzo kukuba ingaba ezo zandi zisebenza kakuhle ekukhuseleni izilwanyana ukuba zingahambi ngendlela.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba imilomo yeentambo ayisebenzisekanga, ngoxa ububungqina bokuba u-anecdotal uthi ba. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo zixabiso elincinci, kulula ukuyifaka, kunye nokusebenzisa ikhwelo lezintambo akunakwenzeka ukuba zenzakalise nayiphi na into nangona zingasebenzi njengoko zipapashwa.
Ububungqina bokuthi ama-Whistles angamaSebenzi
Nangona kungekho zifundo ezibonisa umsebenzi wempuphu yentshukumo, oko akuthethi ukuba akukho zifundo apho. Ii-arhente zorhulumente ezininzi, iiyunivesithi kunye neenkampani zomshuwalense ziye zajonga kwaye zavavanya ikhwelo, kwaye bonke bavumelana ngamaphuzu ambalwa.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, idatha yolwazi yesayensi kwiingcingo zeentambo eziphazamisayo kwinqanaba lokuba akukho mmahluko ochaphazelekayo kwiingcambu ezithintekayo kwizithuthi ezingenakho ikhwelo ngokuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezifakwe imilomo .
Elinye iphuzu eliphakanyiswe zifundo ezininzi zeekhondlo zezikhwelo kukuba akucaci ukuba i-intere iyakwazi ukuva iifom e-ultrasonic ezivakalayo zomsayili kufuneka zizisetyenziswe. Ngelixa iindlovu zikwazi ukuva amazinga aphezulu kunabantu, uphando lubonise ukuba uluhlu lwezandi ezivelayo ziwela ngaphantsi kweefrikansi ezivelwe ngamacwecwe amadaka.
Ngokomzekelo, uphando oluthile olupapashwe yi- Acoustical Society of America lufumene ukuba ikhwelo elivaliweyo likhupha ii-3.3 kHz, ngelixa ikhwelo elivulekile livelisa i-frequency of about 12 kHz ehluke ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwimixinzelelo yomoya, zombini ewela ye-20 kHz uphawu ngokuqhelekileyo ehambelana nesandi se ultrasonic.
Ngoxa i-3.3 kHz iphantsi kweentlobo zeentlobo ezivakalayo zokuva, kwaye i-12 kHz ingaphakathi kwimiba yeefrikansi ezivakalayo abazivelayo phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ukufundwa kwafumanisa ukuba ubuchule obubethelwa yimisindo yilezi "zalahleka ngokupheleleyo" Ingxolo yendlela ehamba phambili eyenziwa yimoto okanye iloli.
Ubu bungqina bolu bhengezo kukuba nangona ikhwelo lephephe elivaliweyo livelisa isandi esi-3.3 kHz, esilungileyo phakathi kweendlebe zabantu, izifundo zabantu azikwazanga ukwahlula ingxolo yomsongo kwindonga yendlela kawonkewonke.
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba inzala ingaba ngcono ekuboneni izandi kulawo mavili, yonke idatha ekhoyo ayibonisi umehluko wesantya kwiempembelelo zontanga kwiimvulo zentambo ngokubhekiselele kwimoto engenakho ikhwelo. Ekubeni i-daer ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuvakala kwengxolo yendlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba bayayiva ikhwelo, kodwa ekugqibeleni bayakhula njengokuba besetyenziselwa imisindo ephakamileyo ephezulu njengoko beya kwenye ingxolo yendlela.
Ukugwema ama-Deer Collisions Ngaphandle kwee-Whistles ze-Deer
Ngokuphila kwezilwanyana ezininzi kunye nokutya ngasekuhlaleni kwendlela nganye, kunye nabaqhubi abaninzi abanelayisensi endleleni kunanini ngaphambili, ukuxabana phakathi kwamazinyo kunye neemoto akunakwenzeka ukuba uyeke. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa imingcipheko yokubetha inambuzane, nangaphandle kweekhwela.
Ukuzikhusela, ukuqhuba ngokunyamekela kuyindlela engcono yokuphepha ukubetha inyamazane okanye nayiphina isilwanyana kwaye ugcine iso elisoloko lithe xa ufaka uphawu lokudlula umqondiso lukwabaluleke kakhulu. Ekubeni inkunzi ihlala ihamba ngamaqela, ukubona esinye isilwanyana ecaleni kwendlela liyakwandisa amathuba okubona ngaphezulu, ngokunjalo ukuphuculwa kwimeko enjalo kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela.
Kukho nezobuncinci bezobuchwepheshe bezokhuseleko zeemoto ezinganceda ukunciphisa ithuba lokubetha i-deer, ekwazi ukuvela kwiiyure phakathi kobusuku nobusuku. Ukusebenzisa iiplanga eziphezulu apho kunokunceda ukuchonga izilwanyana kwindlela ngexesha lokuyeka, kunye neentloko zezixhobo ezixhamlayo zixhamla kwiimeko apho isilwanyana sinokukhwela ngaphesheya kwekona, apho izibane eziqhelekileyo ziza kukhanya ngokungenamsebenzi endleleni.
Iinkqubo zokuphepha zokudibanisa nazo ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa iziphazamiso, ukuya kufaka kunye nokubandakanya inzala, kwaye unikeze isilumkiso, zikhuphe iibhuleki zakho, okanye zimeke ngokuzenzekelayo isithuthi esifutshane sokubetha isilwanyana.
Kwimeko apho inqanawa iphuma phambi kwezithuthi zakho, kubalulekile ukuba udibanise ngelixa uhlala kwindlela yakho. Nangona ukugaya kunokukuvumela ukuba ugweme inyamazane, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubeka wena, abagibeli bakho kunye nabanye abaqhubi beengozini enkulu. Ukungena kumzila ongasondeli rhoqo kunokukhokelela ekuhambeni kwentloko kunye nesinye isithuthi, kwaye ezininzi izingozi zenzeke xa imoto okanye iloli liphuma endleleni.
Ezinye izilwanyana azikwazi ukuphepha, kunye nekhongozo. Kodwa ngeentlobo zeentlobo ezikhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-150 ngamnye ngonyaka, kunye neyesondo esisodwa sezigidi kunye nemali engaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezine kwimonakalo yomhlaba, kwanokuba utshintsho oluthile ekuphatheni nasekusebenziseni iteknoloji lingenza umehluko omkhulu.