Yintoni i-DHCP? (Protocol Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Inkcazo yeprotocol yomgaqo-nkqubo oqinileyo

I-DHCP (i-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ngumgaqo-nkqubo osetyenziswayo ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nolawulo oluphambili ukuhanjiswa kweekheli ze- IP ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.

I-DHCP isetyenziselwa ukuqwalasela i- subnet mask efanelekileyo, isango elingaphantsi , kunye nolwazi lwe- DNS kwiseva .

Indlela iDHCP isebenza ngayo

Iseva ye-DHCP isetyenziselwa ukukhupha iidilesi ze-IP ezizodwa kwaye zilungiselele ngokuzenzekelayo olunye ulwazi lwenethiwekhi. Kwimizi emininzi namashishini amancinane, i- router isebenza njengomncedisi we-DHCP. Kwiinkonzo ezinkulu, ikhompyutha enye ingenza njengomncedisi we-DHCP.

Ngendlela emfutshane, inkqubo ihamba ngale ndlela: Isixhobo (umthengi) sicelela idilesi ye-IP kwi-router (umphathi), emva koko ummiselo unikezela idilesi ye-IP ekhoyo ukuba avumele ukuba umxhasi axhumane kwinethiwekhi. Ingcaciso engaphezulu apha ngezantsi ...

Emva kokuba ifowuni ivuliwe kwaye ixhunyiwe kwintanethi enesiphakeli se-DHCP, iya kuthumela isicelo kumncedisi, esibizwa ngokuba yi-DHCPDISCOVER isicelo.

Emva kokuba i-DISCOVER ipakethe ifinyelela kumncedisi we-DHCP, umncedisi uzama ukubamba idilesi ye-IP esetyenziswayo, kwaye ke unike umthengi idilesi kunye nePHPPOFFER ipakethi.

Emva kokuba isibonelelo senziwe kwidilesi ye-IP ekhethiweyo, ifowuni iyaphendula kwi-DHCP iseva ngePHCPREQUEST ipakethi ukuze yamkele, emva koko iseva ithumela i-ACK esetyenzisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba idilesi inayo idilesi ethile ye-IP kwaye ichaza inani lexesha apho ifowuni ingasebenzisa idilesi ngaphambi kokufumana entsha.

Ukuba umncedisi unquma ukuba idivayisi ayikwazi ukufumana idilesi ye-IP, iya kuthumela iNACK.

Konke oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye akudingeki ukuba wazi naziphi na iinkcukacha zobugcisa ozifundileyo ukuze ufumane idilesi ye-IP kwi-server ye-DHCP.

Qaphela: Ukujonga ngokubanzi ngakumbi kwiipakethi ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanyeka kule nkqubo zinokufundwa kwikhasi leMicrosoft ye-DHCP.

Iimveliso kunye neMpahla yokuSebenzisa iDHCP

Ikhompyutheni, okanye nayiphi na ifowuni edibanisa kwinethwekhi (yendawo okanye intanethi), kufuneka icwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthetha kuloo ntanethi. Ekubeni i-DHCP ivumela ukuba ukucwangciswa kwenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo, kusetyenziswa phantse zonke iifowuni ezidibanisa kwinethwekhi kuquka iikhomputha, ukutshintsha , ii-smartphones, iingqungquthela zokudlala, njl njl.

Ngenxa yeli dilesi edibanisa idilesi ye-IP , kuncinci ithuba lokuba iifowuni ezimbini ziza kuba nedilesi enye ye-IP , elula kakhulu ukungena xa usebenzisa idilesi ze-IP ezinikezelwe ngesandla.

Ukusebenzisa i-DHCP kwenza inethiwekhi ibe lula ukulawula. Ukususela kwindawo yokujonga, zonke iifowuni kwinethwekhi zingafumana idilesi ye-IP engenanto ngaphezu kwezicwangciso zabo zokunxibelelanisa, ezisekwe ukufumana idilesi ngokuzenzekelayo. Eyona yodwa enye indlela ukunika ngesandla idilesi nganye kwisixhobo ngasinye kwinethiwekhi.

Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zingakwazi ukufumana idilesi ye-IP ngokuzenzekelayo, ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ukusuka kwinethiwekhi enye ukuya kwelinye (kunikwe ukuba zonke zihleliwe kunye ne-DHCP) kwaye zifumana idilesi ye-IP ngokuzenzekelayo, eyona nto iluncedo kumadivayisi eselula.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa ifowuni inesiphelo se-IP esinikezwe ngumncedisi we-DHCP, idilesi ye-IP iya kutshintshwa ngexesha ngalinye ifowuni ijoyina inethiwekhi. Ukuba idilesi ze-IP zinikezelwe ngesandla, kuthetha ukuba ukuphathwa akumele nje unike idilesi ethile kumthengi ngamnye omtsha, kodwa iilalesi ezikhoyo sele zibekiwe zimele zingabonakaliswanga ngesinye isixhobo ukuba sisebenzise idilesi enye. Oku akusebenzi nje kuphela ixesha, kodwa ukuqwalasela ngesandla isisombululo ngasinye kukhulisa ithuba lokusebenza kwiiphene ezenziwe ngabantu.

Nangona kukho inzuzo eninzi yokusebenzisa i-DHCP, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ezinye iingxaki. I-Dynamic, ukuguqula iidilesi ze-IP akufanele isetyenziswe kumacebo aseleyo kwaye kufuneka ufikeleleke rhoqo, njengabashicileli kunye neeseva zefayile.

Nangona amacebo afana nalawo akhona kwiindawo zokusebenzela, akunakwenzeka ukuba abanikeze ngekheli le-IP eliguqukayo. Umzekelo, ukuba umshicileli wenethiwekhi unentsimbi ye-IP eya kutshintsha ngexesha elithile, ke zonke iikhomputha ezixhunyelelwe kulo mshicileli ziya kufuneka zihlaziye rhoqo izicwangciso zabo ukuze iikhompyutha zabo ziqonde indlela yokuqhagamshelana nomshicileli.

Olu hlobo lokusetha luyinto engadingekile kwaye lunokuphepheka ngokungawusebenzisi i- DHCP kulezo zixhobo zeefowuni, kwaye kunoko ngokubanika idilesi ye-static IP kubo.

Iingcamango ezifanayo ziza kudlala xa ufuna ukufikelela ngokusisigxina kwikhompyutha kwintanethi yakho yasekhaya. Ukuba i-DHCP inikwe amandla, loo khomputha iya kufumana idilesi entsha ye-IP kwinqanaba elithile, oko kuthetha ukuba ubhalisile njengale khomputha, ayiyi kuchaneka ixesha elide. Ukuba usebenzisa isofthiwe yokufikelela kude ekuxhomekeke kwi-IP-based access access, kuyakufuneka usebenzise idilesi ye-static IP yale fowuni.

Ulwazi olungakumbi kwi-DHCP

Umncedisi we-DHCP uchaza ububanzi, okanye uluhlu lwee-idilesi ze-IP ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izixhobo ngekheli. Le dama yamakheli yindlela kuphela yeso sixhobo esinokufumana uxhulumaniso lwenethiwekhi.

Esi sinye isizathu sokuba i-DHCP incede kakhulu - kuba ivumela ezininzi iifowuni ukuxhuma kwinethiwekhi ngexesha elithile ngaphandle kokufuna idilesi enkulu yamakheli atholakalayo. Umzekelo, nokuba ngaba iilelesi ezingama-20 kuphela zichazwa yiseva ye-DHCP, i-30, 50, okanye i-200 (okanye ngaphezulu) izixhobo zingakwazi ukudibanisa kwinethiwekhi ukuze kubekho abangaphezu kwama-20 basebenzisa enye idilesi ye-IP efumanekayo kanyekanye.

Ngenxa yokuba i-DHCP inika iilesi ze-IP ngexesha elithile (ixesha lokuqeshisa ), ukusebenzisa imiyalelo efana ipconfig ukufumana idilesi ye-IP yekhomputha yakho iya kuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha.

Nangona i-DHCP isetyenziselwa ukunikezela iidilesi ze-IP ezinamandla kubathengi bayo, akuthethi ukuba idilesi ze-IP ze-static ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngexesha elifanayo. Umxube wezixhobo ezifumana iidilesi ezinamandla kunye neefowuni zazo ezibhekiselele kuzo i-IP, zingabikho zombini kwinethiwekhi efanayo.

Nangona i- ISP isebenzisa i-DHCP ukwabela idilesi ze-IP. Oku kuya kubonakala xa kuchongwa idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu . Kuza kutshintshwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ngaphandle kokuba inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya idilesi ye-static IP, ngokuqhelekileyo yimeko kuphela kumashishini afumaneka kwiinkonzo zewebhu.

Kwi-Windows, i- APIPA inikezela idilesi ye-IP okhethekileyo xa umncedisi we-DHCP ehluleka ukuhambisa enye isebenza kwisixhobo, kwaye usebenzisa le dilesi aze afumane enye esebenzayo.

Iqela eliSebenzayo lokuSebenza kweDynamic Host Group ye-Internet Engineering Task Force yenze i-DHCP.