Iingcamango kunye nokuhluleka kweqela yinto yobomi. Iibhodi zesekethe ziya kwenziwa ngeemposiso kuzo, izakhi ziya kuhanjiswa ngasemva okanye kwindawo engafanelekanga, kwaye izixhobo zihamba kakubi zonke eziya kwenza umsebenzi wesiphaluka kakuhle okanye akunjalo. Ukuxilwa kweengxaki ze-PCB kunokuba ngumsebenzi oqaqambileyo wokuhlawulwa kwentlawulo kunye nentliziyo. Ngenhlanko kukho iindlela ezimbalwa kunye nobuchule obuchanezela ngokukhawuleza ukukhangela inkcazo 'engxaki.'
Iingxaki zePCB
Iiplanga zesekethe eziprintiweyo, okanye i-PCBs, zininzi zobuncwane kunye neendlela zethusi ezidibanisa izixhobo ezinamaphepha ndawonye kunye nokwenza isiphaluka yanamhlanje. Iingxaki zokupakisha i-PCB egciniweyo yimiba ibinzima kakhulu, kunye nezinto ezifana nobukhulu, inani lezakhiwo, uhlalutyo lwemiqondiso, kunye neendidi zamacandelo edlala indima enkulu ekuphuculeni iingxaki. Ezinye iibhodi ezilukhuni ziza kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukujongana neengxaki, kodwa inkathazo eninzi ingenziwa ngezixhobo eziphambili zekhompyutha ukulandela imigizo, imitha, kunye nemiqondiso kwisiphaluka.
Izixhobo zePCB Troubleshooting
Uninzi lweengxaki ze-PCB zokusingatha iingxaki lunokuthi zenziwe ngamathuluzi ambalwa nje. Isixhobo esona sixhobo kakhulu siyi-multimeter, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwinkimbinkimbi ye-PCB kunye neengxaki, imitha ye-LCR, i-oscilloscope, ukunikezwa kwamandla kunye nokuhlalutya kweengcinga kunokuba kuyadingeka ukumba ubunzulu kumsebenzi wokusebenza wesiphaluka.
Uhlolo loVavanyo
Uhlolo olubonakalayo lwe-PCB luyakwazi ukufumana imiba emininzi. Ukulandelwa kweendlela, ukutshiswa kwamacandelo, iimpawu zokutshisa, kunye nezinto ezingekhoyo zifumaneka lula ngokuhlola okubonakalayo. Ezinye izinto ezitshiswayo, ezonakaliswe ngoku ngokugqithiseleyo, zingabonakali lula, kodwa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo okanye ukuvumba kungabonisa ubukho bendawo ebonakele. Iimpawu ezinobungqina esinye isalathisi esihle somthombo weengxaki, ngakumbi kwi- capacitor electrolytic .
Uhlolo lokuPhepha
Elinye inyathelo ngaphaya kokuhlola okubonakalayo kukuhlolwa ngokusemgangathweni kwamandla asetyenziswa kwisiphaluka. Ngokuchaphazela ubuso bePCB kunye namacandelo ebhodini, amabala ashushu anokufunyanwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhamera ye-thermographic ebiza. Xa iqela elitshisayo lifunyenwe, lingaqhoxiswa ngomoya okhutshwe ngomoya okhuselekileyo ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwesekethe kunye necandelo elisezantsi. Olu buchule lunokuba yingozi yaye lufanele lusetyenziswe kuphela kwizijikelezo eziphantsi zamandla kunye nokukhusela okufanelekileyo okukhuselekileyo.
Xa uthintela isiphaluka esiphawulwayo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuqapha. Qinisekisa ukuba isandla esisodwa sinxibelelana neesekethe nanini na. Oku kunqanda ukutshitshiswa kombane ukuhamba ngeentliziyo, ukutshatyalaliswa okunokufa. Ukugcina isandla esisodwa esikhwameni sakho yindlela efanelekileyo xa usebenzisa ii-circuits eziphilayo ukukhusela ezo ntshutshiso. Ukuqinisekisa zonke iindlela ezikhoyo ezisemgangathweni, ezinjengeenyawo zakho okanye umgca ongasisigxina, unqatshelwe kwakhona kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokutshutshiswa.
Ukuthintela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesiphaluka kuya kuguqula impedance yesiphaluka esinokutshintsha ukuziphatha kwenkqubo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuchonga indawo kwindawo yesiphaluka efuna amandla okongeziweyo ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo.
Uvavanyo lweCandelo eliPhezulu
Ngokuqhelekileyo iindlela eziphambili zokujongana nokuxilongwa kwePCB kukuvavanya icandelo ngalinye. Ukuvavanya umxhasi ngamnye, i-capacitor, i-diode, i-transistor, i-inductor, i-MOSFET, i-LED, kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezingenziwayo zingenziwa nge-multimeter okanye i-LCR meter. Iimpawu ezingaphantsi okanye ezilinganayo nexabiso elikhankanywe kwinqanaba, eli candelo liqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba ixabiso leqela liphezulu libonisa ukuba inxalenye yimbi okanye ukuba inxalenye yoluhlu lubi. Idiodesi kunye nabajikelezi banokuhlolwa ngokusetyenziswa kwimodi yokuhlola idiode kwi-multimeter. I-base-emitter (BE) kunye neziqokelelo ze-base (BC) ze-transistor kufuneka ziphathe njengezididi ezidibeneyo kunye nokuziphatha kwicala elinye kuphela ngokulahla kwamandla okufanayo. Uhlalutyo lwe-Nodal lunye lukhetho oluvumela ukuvavanywa okungagunyazisiweyo kwamacandelo ngokusebenzisa amandla nje kwicandelo elinye kunye nokulinganisa i-voltage vs vs yangoku (V / I) impendulo.
Uvavanyo lwe-ICs
Izinto ezinzima kakhulu ukujonga ii-IC. Uninzi lwe-IC luyakwazi ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngamanqaku abo kwaye abaninzi banokuvavanywa ngokusebenzisa i-oscilloscopes kunye nabahlalutyi beengcinga, kodwa inani leemfuno ze-ICs kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-PCB zokuyila zingenza uvavanyo lwe-ICs lunzima kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubuchule obuncedo kukuthelekisa ukuziphatha kwesiphaluka kwisiphaluka esaziwayo, esimele sincede ukuziphatha kakubi ukuma.