Imodeli ye-OSI ichaza ukuthungatha ngokwemigca yokugcina yeetya ezisixhenxe. Iziqendu ezingaphezulu ze-OSI imodeli isebenzisa isofthiwe esisebenzisa iinkonzo zentengiso njenge-encryption and management management. Iingqimba ezantsi ze-OSI zenza imisebenzi ejoliswe kwi-hardware efana nokuhamba, ukulungisa nokulawula ukuhamba. Yonke idatha ehamba phezu koxhumo lwenethwekhi idlula nganye kwezihlulo ezisixhenxe.
Imodeli ye-OSI yaqaliswa ngo-1984. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe ngumzekelo ongeyena kunye nokufundisa, i-OSI imodeli isisityebi esinokufunda malunga nobuchwephesha benethiwekhi njengamanethiwekhi e- Ethernet kunye neprotocol ezifana ne- IP . I-OSI igcinwa njengomgangatho we-International Standards Organization.
Ukuhamba kwe-OSI Model
Ukunxibelelana kwedatha kwi-OSI imodeli iqala ngoluhlu oluphezulu lwesithintelo kwicala lokuthumela, lihamba ngaphantsi komgca ukuya kumgca ophantsi (umgca) othungelayo, uze udlule umnxibelelwano womnatha kwizithuba ezingezantsi kwicala lokufumana, kwaye uphakamise Uhlobo lwe-OSI.
Umzekelo, IProtokholi ye-Intanethi (IP) iyahambelana nocingo lweNethiwekhi yomzekelo we-OSI, uluhlu lwesithathu (ukubala ukusuka ngasezantsi). I-TCP kunye ne- UDP iyahambelana ne-OSI yohlulo-4, uluhlu lwezothutho. Iziqendu ezantsi ze-OSI imodeli zimelelwe ngobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Ethernet. Iingqimba eziphezulu ze-OSI imodeli zimelelwe ziprotocol ezifana neTCP kunye ne-UDP.
Iingqimba ezisixhenxe ze-OSI Model
Iingqimba ezintathu ezantsi ze-OSI Model zibizwa ngokuba yiMedia Layers, ngelixa iziqendu ezine eziphezulu zingumgca we-Host. Iziqendu zibalwa ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-7 ziqala ngezantsi. Iziqendu zi:
- Umgca wesicelo (uluhlu 7) - Inkqubo yeNethiwekhi kwiSicelo. Olu phawu lokugqibela lomsebenzisi lupakisha idatha efunyenwe kwiNkqubo yoLungiselelo kwifomati efunekayo yinkqubo yesicelo okanye yokugqibela yomsebenzisi eyayifumanayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya izikhangeli, SMTP, HTTP, kunye neFTP. Olu luhlu ludala kwakhona oko kuza kubuyiselwa kwi Layer Layer.
- Uluhlu lwesingeniso (uluhlu lwesiseko 6) - Ukumelwa kweDatha kunye neSibalozo, kuquka ukuguqulwa kwefomathi. Cinga ngolu luhlu njengenguqulelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-ASCII, i-TIFF, i-JPEG, i-MIDI kunye ne-MPEG.
- Uluhlu lwesigaba (uluhlu lwe-5) - Uxhumano lwe-Interhost. Olu luhlu lugcina iintlobo ezininzi zonxibelelwano kwaye luthumela idatha kwiichweba ezinengqiqo, kuquka abo basebenzisa i-NFS ne-SQL.
- Umgca wezothutho (uluhlu lwesine) - IiNxibelelwano zokuQeda ukuQala nokuQiniseka. Njengoko igama lithetha, olu lugqithiso ludlulisa idatha kwiinkcukacha zonxibelelwano, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-TCP. Kwakhona ilawula ukubuyiswa kwephutha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwakhona.
- Uluhlu lomnxeba (uluhlu lwesithathu) - Ukuzimisela kweNdlela, IP, kunye nokuhamba. Idatha yefomati ye-3 njengeepakethi. Ukhokela idatha kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zomzimba.
- Uluhlu lwekhonkco lweenkcukacha (uluhlu lwesibini) - Olu luhlu oluyinkimbinkimbi kunomzekelo we-OSI, kwaye maxa wambi ulwahlulo libe ngamacandelo amabini: enye yokulawulwa kokufikelela kwimidiya kunye enye yokulawulwa kwekhonkco.
- Uluhlu lomzimba (uluhlu 1) - iMedia, Signal and Binary Transmission. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-hubs, i-repeaters, kunye ne-Ethernet. Idatha idluliselwa ngombane wamandla, ii-radio frequencies, i-infrared okanye ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo.
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