Umbala Umbono KwiLizwe Linyani kunye neTV yakho
Emuva ngo-2015, uphando olulula malunga naluphi umbala isambatho esithile sagxininisa kwindlela esibheka ngayo umbala. Inyaniso kukuba, ukukwazi ukubona umbala kunzima, kwaye akunjalo.
Oko sikubona ngokwenene
Amehlo ethu ayiboni into ebonakalayo, into oyibonayo ngokubonakalayo ukukhanya kubonakaliswe izinto. Umbala amehlo akho ubona yiphumo yoluphi uhlobo lweevelengths ezibonakalayo eziboniswayo okanye ezixutywe yinto. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umbala owubonayo uchanekile ngokupheleleyo.
Izinto ezichaphazela umbala wePrayception
Umbono wobuqhetseba bomhlaba wonkcitho uthinteke kwizinto eziliqela:
- Iipropati zoMzimba zeNjongo: Iinjongo zokukhanya kwento into ibonakalisa okanye iyithatha ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokubumba kwayo.
- Ixesha Losuku: Into ibonakala ekuseni, emini okanye ebusuku.
- Indawo: Into ibonakala ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle (ilanga okanye ilanga elinesibhakabhaka) okanye ukukhanya kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi (kunye nohlobo lokukhanya kwangaphakathi).
- Umbala Ingqiqo: Utshintsho lwemvelo kwindlela nganye ibini yamehlo omntu ebona ngayo i-wavevel color.
- Umbala wokuPhuphuka: Ukuhluka okungaqhelekanga kwindlela abanye abantu abona ngayo i-wavevel color.
Ukongeza kwimbonakalo yombala wehlabathi wangempela, kwisithombe, ukushicilela kunye nevidiyo kukho izinto ezongezelelweyo zokuqwalasela:
- Isixhobo esetyenzisiweyo ekuthathweni komfanekiso: Iikhono zekhamera ukufumanisa i-longwart color in combination with time of day and place.
- Ukuboniswa kweDivaysi esetyenzisiweyo ekubuyiseleni umfanekiso: I- TV, iprojekthi yeprojekthi, Phrinta iqulunqa imifanekiso usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuboniswa okanye Ukushicilelwa kwePrinta: Ukuba ubukela umfanekiso ekuprintweni okanye kwisixhobo sokubonisa i-video, umgangatho osetyenziswa ukucwangcisa eso sixhobo sokuvelisa umbala kukuchaphazela oko ubonayo.
Nangona kukho ukufana kunye nokwahlukana kwimibala yokujonga ngokubhekiselele kwiifoto, ukuprinta, kunye neefowuni zokusebenza, masingene kwi-video ye-equation.
Ukuthatha Umbala
- Okokuqala, kufuneka 'uyibambe' umfanekiso. Ikhamera yevidiyo kufuneka ibone ukukhanya kubonakalisa izinto kwaye kuza nge-lens. Ukukhanya kokungena kuqukethe yonke imibala ibonakaliswe into ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukukhanya kukungena kwi-lensi kwaye ihlase i-chip (kwiintsuku zakudala, phambi kweepips, ukukhanya kwakufuneka kudlule i-tube egxininiswe ngokukodwa).
- Emva kokuba ukukhanya kuhlaba kwi-chip, kukho inkqubo eqeshwe yi-chip, kunye neesekethe ezixhasayo, eziguqula ukukhanya zibe ziinkomfa zamandla kagesi, okanye iikhowudi ze-digital (1's, 0's). Isalathisi esitshintshileyo sithunyelwa kwisixhobo sokufumana (kulo mzekelo i-TV okanye iprojekti yevidiyo) eya kuguqula umjikelezo wombane ongenawo (i-analog) okanye ikhodi yedijithali kwakhona emfanekisweni oboniswayo okanye ecaciswe kwisikrini. kutyhafaza. Njengoko ikhamera ithola ukukhanya kubonakaliswe into ethile kwixesha elinikezelweyo kwaye ifowuni yokubonisa kufuneka ibonise umbala wesiphumo esibanjwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Ekubeni akukho ndawo yokubanjwa okanye yokubonisa ifowuni inokuvelisa yonke imibala ebonakalayo kwizinto zehlabathi zangempela, zombini izixhobo kufuneka 'ziqikelele' ezisekelwe kwimigangatho ethile yombala "eyenziwe ngumntu," esekweni sayo, umbala wokuqala mzekelo. Kwiimveliso zevidiyo, imodeli emithathu yombala imelwe nguBomvu, iGreen, neBlue. Udidi oluhlukeneyo lwemibala emithathu ephambili kwiimilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphinda kuhlaziywe i-grayscale kunye nayo yonke imibala ebombala esiyibonayo kwimvelo.
Ukubonisa Umbala ngeTV okanye iProjekythi yeProjekthi
Ekubeni akukho nto ichanekileyo ngayo indlela abantu ababona ngayo umbala kwihlabathi lemvelo, kwaye kukho ukukhawulela ukufaka umbala ochanekileyo usebenzisa ikhamera. Ulungelelanisa njani le ndawo ekhaya xa ubukele iTV okanye iprojekti yevidiyo?
Impendulo iphindwe kabini, uhlobo lwetheknoloji elisetyenzisiweyo eyenza iprojekthi yeTV / video ibonisa imifanekiso kunye nombala, kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle kwabo ukubonisa umbala ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwimimiselo yombala obekwe ngaphambili.
Nantsi imbonakalo emfutshane yobugcisa bokuboniswa kwevidiyo esetyenziselwa ukubonisa i-B & W kunye nemifanekiso yembala.
I-Emissive Technologies
- I-CRT - Intsika ye-electron ephuma entanyeni yesikhuni sefotyi ihlahlela imigca ye-phosphors kumgca-nge-line ukwenzela ukuvelisa umfanekiso. Njengoko ibhanti ihlaba i-phosphor nganye, i-phosphor iyavuya kwaye ivelisa umfanekiso. Umbala uveliswa yi-phosphors ebomvu, eluhlaza, kunye ne-blue edibeneyo kwintsebenziswano efanelekileyo ukuvelisa umbala othile.
- I-Plasma - i-Phosphors ibhalwa yerhasi ehlawulisiweyo (efana ne-Fluorescent light). Ukuhlanganiswa okubomvu, okuluhlaza, kunye ne-blue phosphors (okubizwa ngokuba ngamaphikseli kunye nee-pixels ezincinci) ukuvelisa umbala otyunjweyo.
- I-OLED - OLED iteknoloji inokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezimbini zeTV. Enye inketho yiWRGB, edibanisa i-OLED emhlophe i-subpixel ene-Red, i-Green, ne-Blue, i-Filters, kanti enye inketho yokusebenzisa iiplisili eziMvuli, eziMhlaza kunye neeBlue ezizikhuphayo.
Technologies Transmissive
- Iipilisi zeLCD - LCD azivelisi ukukhanya kwazo. Ukuze i-LCD TV ibonise umfanekiso kwiskrini seTV, ii-pixels kufuneka "zibuyiselwe". Kwenzeka ntoni kule nkqubo kukuba ukukhanya okuhamba ngeepekseli kukhawuleza okanye kukhanya, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno yomfanekiso. Ukuba iipekseli zitshitshiweyo ngokwaneleyo, ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu kuvela, okwenza isikrini sibe mnyama. Umbala wongezwa njengoko ukhanyiso luhamba nge-chip LCD kwaye emva kwefayili ebomvu, eluhlaza, kunye nebala.
- I-3LCD - Isetyenziswe kwi-video projection, isebenza ngendlela efana ne-LCD TV, kodwa endaweni yoko, iipoksi zichithekele kuyo yonke imithombo yesikrini, ukukhanya okumhlophe kudluliselwa kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-LCD kunye ne-Prism kwaye iphrojekthi ifakwe kwisikrini.
I-Transmissive / Emissive Combination - I-LCD nee-Quantum Dots
Isicelo seTV kunye nesiboniso sevidiyo, i- Quantum Dot yi-nanocrystal eyenziwe ngumntu eneempawu ezizodwa zokubonisa ukukhanya ezingasetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ukukhanya kunye nokusebenza kombala kuboniswe kwiimifanekiso ezikhoyo kunye nevidiyo kwi-screen LCD.
I-Quantum Dots yi-nanoparticles eneempawu eziguquguqukayo ezingakwazi ukufumana ukukhanya kwamandla angaphezulu kombala omnye kwaye zikhuphe umbala ophantsi komnye umbala (njengathi i-phosphors kwi-TV ye-Plasma), kodwa, kulo mzekelo, xa zibetha ngeephotons zivela ngaphandle umthombo (kwimeko yeTV ye-LCD nge-Blue LED backlight), inqaku ngalinye le-quantum liveza umbala wendawo ende ye-length, echanekileyo ngobukhulu bayo.
I-Dumum Dots ingafakwa kwi-LCD TV ngeendlela ezintathu:
- Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwiphubhu egciniweyo yeglasi (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Edge Optic) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sombane we-TV phakathi komthombo okhanyayo wokukhanya kwe-LED kunye ne-Light Guide Plate (isakhiwo esasasaza ukukhanya kwinqanaba le-screen) I-TV yeLCD .
- Kulo "uluhlu lokuphuculwa kwefayili" olubekwe phakathi komthombo wokukhanya kwe-Blue LED kunye ne-LCD chip kunye nezihlungi zombala (kwi-Full Array okanye i-Direct-Lit LED / i-LCD TVs).
- Kwi-chip, apho amachaphaza e-quantum ahlanganiswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-LED eluhlaza ukuze kusetyenziswe umgca okanye ulungelelwano oluthe ngqo.
Kukhetho olukhethiweyo, ukukhanya kweBlue LED kushaya i-Quantum Dots, eziye zavuya ukwenzela ukuba zikhuphe ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza (okudibeneyo kunye noBlue ovela kumthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED). Ukukhanya kwebala kumdlula i-LCD chips, iifayili zombala, kunye nakwesikrini sokubonisa umfanekiso. Ukongezwa kwe-Quantum Dot emissive layout ivumela i-LCD TV ukuba ibonise umbala ogqithisiweyo kunye nobubanzi obuninzi kunee-TV ze-LCD ngaphandle kocingo lwe-Quantum Dot eyongeziweyo.
Technological Reflective
- I-LCOS (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-D-ILA kunye ne-SXRD) I- LCOS iyintlukwano ye-3LCD kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-video projection. Esikhundleni sokudlulisa ukukhanya ngenye yee-chips ezintathu zeLCD kwaye emva kweefayili zemibala kunye ne-lens, i-chip LCD iphezulu kwisiseko sokubonakalisa, ngoko ke xa umthombo okhanyayo ogqithisayo ungena kwi-lens kwisikrini sokuboniswa.
- I-DLP (3-chip) - Isetyenziswe kwiiprojekithi zevidiyo - Isihluthulelo se-DLP yi-DMD (i-Digital Micro-mirror Device), apho yonke iplastiki yenziwe izibuko ezincinci ezinokutsha. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iipikseli kwi-chip DMD ziyisikrini esibonakalisayo. Umfanekiso wevidiyo uboniswa kwiDMD chip. I-micromirror kwi-chip (nganye micromirror ibonisa i-pixel enye) kwaye iguqa ngokukhawuleza njengoko umfanekiso ushintsha. Oku kuvelisa isiseko se-grayscale yomfanekiso.
- Kwiprojekti yevidiyo ye-3-Chip DLP, imithombo emithathu yokukhanya isetyenziselwa (okanye ukukhanya okumhlophe kudlulileyo kwiidisms ezintathu). Ukukhanya okubombala kubonakaliswa kwii-chips ezintathu ze-DLP (zizo zonke izicathulo, kodwa ngamnye ufumana ukukhanya okuluhlu oluhlukileyo). Iqondo lokujikeleza kwe-micromirror nganye ngokumalunga nomthombo wokukhanya kumbala nanini na ixesha elithile linquma imibala emfanekisweni. Ukukhanya okuboniswayo kudlulela kwi-lens yeprojekti kwisikrini.
UkuHlanganisa / ukuHlanganisa okuHlangeneyo
- I-DLP (1-Chip) - Isetyenziswe kwiiprojekti zevidiyo-Kulungiselelo, kukho umthombo omnye wokukhanya omhlophe obonakaliswa ngaphandle kwesiphakamiso esisodwa seDLP DMD. Emva koko, umbala wongezwa nje ngokuba ukukhanya kudlulela kwivili elinobukhulu bebala, ngokusebenzisa i-lens, uze ufike kwisikrini.
Ukufumana ezinye iinkcazo zezobuchwepheshe kwi-DLP, khangela iqela lethu elilandelayo: I- DLP yeProjekthi yeZisiseko zeVidiyo.
Ukubonisa imibala - Imigangatho yokulinganisa
Ngoko, ngoku ukuba i-electronics kunye ne-mechanics zenziwe ngendlela ebonisa ngayo umbala wombala kwi-TV yakho okanye kwisikrinta sokuboniswa kwevidiyo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukubona ukuba ezi zixhobo zingakwazi ukuvelisa umbala ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka, nangona kunqongophala kwezobugcisa.
Yilapho ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yembala ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo yombala kubalulekile.
Eminye yemigangatho yokulinganisa imibala yeeTV kunye neeProjekthi zeVidiyo ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ziyi:
- I-NTSC - Umgangatho osisiseko sombala we-analog (US).
- Rec.601 - Ukuphucula umgangatho we-NTSC oyintloko.
- I-Rec.709 - Ukusetyenziswa kunye nee-HDTV kunye neeprojekithi zevidiyo ze-HD.
- Umhla we-2020 - Ulungele ukusetyenziswa kunye neeprojekthi zeprojekthi ze-4K Ultra HD kunye neVidiyo.
- I-sRGB - Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu Kwii-Monitorers ze-PC ukubonisa imifanekiso.
Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-hardware (i-colorimeter) kunye ne-software (ngokuqhelekileyo nge-laptop), umntu unokuhlawula i-TV okanye iprojekthi yeprojekthi yokuvelisa umbala kwimilinganiselo yentla ngasentla (kuxhomekeke kwimibonakalo yombala weTV) ngokulungiswa kwevidiyo izicwangciso zokubonisa, okanye imenyu yesevisi yeTV okanye iprojekti yevidiyo.
Imizekelo yevidiyo esemqoka (umbala) amathuluzi okulinganisa ongayisebenzisa, ngaphandle kwemfuno yecwecwe, zibandakanya iidiski zokuvavanya, ezifana neeVidiyo zeDividal Video, i-Disney WOW (iWorld of Wonder) iDVD kunye neeDiski zoVavanyo ze-Blu-ray, i- Spears kunye ne-Munsil I-HD Benchmark , i-THX Calibrator Disc, kunye ne-THX Home Theater Tune-up App ye-iOS kunye neefowuni ze-Android.
Umzekelo weso sixhobo soqhagamshelo lwevidiyo esisetyenzisiweyo esisebenzisa i-Colorimeter ne-PC software, yindlela ye-Datacolor Spyder Color Calibration System.
Umzekelo weso sixhobo se-calibration esiphezulu nguCalman ngu-SpectraCal.
Isizathu sokuba izixhobo ezingentla zibalulekile, kukuba njengokuba izimo zangaphakathi zokukhanyisa zangaphandle zichaphazela ukwazi kwethu ukubona umbala kwilizwe lenene, loo miba efanayo iya kudlala ngokuya kwindlela umbala oya kubonakala ngayo kwiTV okanye i-screen projection screen, ekuqwalasela ukuba i-TV yakho okanye iprojekti yevidiyo ingalungisa njani.
Ukulungiswa kwamalathisi akubandakanyi nje izinto ezifana nokugqama, ukuchasana, ukukhanya kombala kunye nokulawulwa kwintsimbi, kodwa kunye nezinye iinguqulelo eziyimfuneko, ezifana nokuHlaziya kweMbala, ukuLungelelana kweMhlophe kunye neGamma.
Ngaphantsi
Imbonakalo yombala kwiindawo zangempela zehlabathi kunye nokubukela iTV kubandakanya iinkqubo ezinzima, kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Umbono wembonakalo uninzi lomdlalo wokuqagela kunezesayensi echanileyo. Iliso lomntu lingcono kwisixhobo esinalo, kwaye nangona, kwiifoto, ifilimu kunye nevidiyo, umbala ochanekileyo unokumakwe kumgangatho othile wombala, umbala owubonayo kwisithombe esicatshulwayo, i-TV okanye i-screen projection screen, nokuba badibana ne-100% yemigangatho ethile yemigangatho yemigangatho, akakwazi ukujonga ngendlela efana ngayo nokuba ingajonga njani phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi zangempela.