Inkcazo ye-SHA-1 kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo ukuqinisekisa iiNkcukacha
I-SHA-1 (mfutshane kwi- Algorithm ye-Hash Algorithm ekhuselekileyo 1 ) yenye yezinto ezininzi ze- hasptographic hash .
I-SHA-1 isetyenziswe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile ayifakiwe. Oku kwenziwa ngokuvelisa i- checksum phambi kokuba ifayili idluliselwe, kwaye kwakhona kwakhona xa ifinyelela kuyo.
Ifayile ekhutshweyo ingaqwalaselwa ngokunyanisekileyo kuphela ukuba zombini iitsheki zifana .
Imbali & amp; Ukuxhatshazwa komsebenzi we-SHA Hash
I-SHA-1 iyona kuphela yezilungiso ezine kwi-Family Hure Algorithm (SHA). Uninzi lwaphuhliswa yi-US National Security Agency (NSA) kwaye lanyatheliswa yiNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
I-SHA-0 inomyalezo we-160-bit digest (value value) kunye neyona ndlela yokuqala yokuqala yale algorithm. Ixabiso le-SHA-0 yeh hashidi ezingama-40 ubude. Yapapashwa njengegama elithi "SHA" ngo-1993 kodwa yayingasetyenziswanga kwizicelo ezininzi kuba yatshintshwa ngokukhawuleza nge-SHA-1 ngo-1995 ngenxa yephulo lokukhusela.
I-SHA-1 yi-iteration yesibili yalo msebenzi we-hasptographic hash. I-SHA-1 nayo ine-message digest ye-160 bits kwaye ifuna ukwandisa ukhuseleko ngokulungisa ubuthathaka obufumaneka kwi-SHA-0. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2005, i-SHA-1 yafunyanwa ingaqinisekanga.
Emva kokubhathaka kwe-cryptographic kufumaneka kwi-SHA-1, i-NIST yenza isitatimende ngo-2006 ekukhuthazeni i-arhente ye-federal ukuba isebenzise ukusetyenziswa kwe-SHA-2 ngonyaka ka-2010. I-SHA-2 inamandla kune-SHA-1 kwaye ukuhlaselwa okubhekiselele kwi-SHA-2 akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ngamandla okwangoku kwikhompyutha.
Akunjalo kuphela amaarhente enkonzo, kodwa nakwiinkampani ezinjengeGoogle, Mozilla kunye neMicrosoft ziye zaqala izicwangciso zokuyeka ukufumana izatifikethi zeSHA-1 ze-SSL okanye sele zivale ezo ntlobo zamaphepha kwi-loading.
I-Google inobungqina be-collision ye-SHA-1 eyenza le ndlela ingathembeki ekwenzeni iiforikhi ezikhethekileyo, nokuba iphathelene nephasiwedi, ifayile okanye nayiphi na enye idatha. Unokukhuphela iifayile ezimbini ezizodwa ze- PDF ezivela kwi-SHAttered ukubona indlela oku kusebenza ngayo. Sebenzisa i-calculator ye-SHA-1 ukusuka ngasezantsi kweli phepha ukuze uvelise i-checksum zombini, kwaye uya kufumana ukuba ixabiso lifana ngqo nangona iqulethe idatha ehlukileyo.
SHA-2 & amp; SHA-3
I-SHA-2 yashicilelwe ngo-2001, iminyaka emininzi emva kwe-SHA-1. I-SHA-2 ifaka imisebenzi emithandathu ye-hash kunye nobunzima bokuhlukahluka: I- SHA-224 , i- SHA-256 , i- SHA-384 , i- SHA-512 , i- SHA-512/224 , kunye ne- SHA-512/256 .
Kuphuhliswe ngabenzi be-NSA abangenalo kwaye bakhululwa yi-NIST ngo-2015, elinye ilungu leNtsapho yaseHash Algorithm, ebizwa ngokuba yi-SHA-3 (eyayisakuba yiKeccak ).
I-SHA-3 ayifanelekanga ukuba ithathe indawo ye-SHA-2 njengeenguqu zangaphambili zenzelwe ukuthatha indawo yangaphambili. Endaweni yoko, i-SHA-3 yaphuhliswa njengenye indlela eya ku-SHA-0, SHA-1, naku-MD5 .
I-SHA-1 isetyenziswa njani?
Omnye umzekelo wehlabathi wenene apho iSHA-1 ingasetyenziselwa xa ungena kwiphasiwedi yakho yokungena kwiwebhusayithi. Nangona kwenzeka kwimvelaphi ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho, inokuba yindlela yokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iphasiwedi yakho iyinyani.
Kulo mzekelo, cinga ukuba uzama ukungena kwiwebhusayithi ohlala uwatyelela. Njalo xa ucela ukuba ungene ngemvume, kufuneka ukuba ungene kwigama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye nephasiwedi.
Ukuba i-website isebenzisa umsebenzi we-ISH-1 we-cryptographic hash, ithetha ukuba iphasiwedi yakho iguqulelwe ibe yi-checksum emva kokuba ungene kuyo. Le checksum iyaqhathaniswa ne-checksum egcinwe kwiwebhsayithi ehambelana nephasiwedi yakho yangoku, nokuba uhlala Utshintshile iphasiwedi yakho njengoko usayine okanye xa usitshintshile amaxesha adlulileyo. Ukuba umdlalo omibini, unikwe imvume yokungena; ukuba ayenjalo, uxelwa ukuba iphasiwedi ayilunganga.
Omnye umzekelo apho umsebenzi we-SHA-1 weh hawu unokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekiswa kwefayile. Ezinye iiwebhsayithi ziya kunika i-SHA-1 checksum yefayili kwikhasi lokukhupha ukuze xa ukhupha iifayile, ungakhangela i-checksum ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ifayile ekhutshweyo iyafana naleyo ofuna ukuyilanda.
Unokuzibuza ukuba usetyenziso lwangempela kule ndlela yokuqinisekisa. Cinga imeko apho uyazi i-SHA-1 checksum yefayili kwiwebhsayithi yonjiniyela kodwa ufuna ukulanda inguqulo efanayo kwiwebhusayithi eyahlukileyo. Unokwenza ke uvelise i-SHA-1 checksum yokukhuphela kwaye uyiqhathanise kunye ne-checksum yangempela kwiphepha lokukhuphela lophuhliso.
Ukuba ezo zimbini ziyahlukileyo ke akuthi nje kuphela ukuba iifayile zefayili azifani kodwa ukuba kukho i- malware efihliweyo kwifayile, idatha ingonakaliswa kwaye ibangela umonakalo kwiifayile zekhompyutha yakho, ifayile ayikho into ehambelana nayo ifayile yangempela, njl
Nangona kunjalo, kusenokuthi nje ukuba ifayile enye ibonisa inguquko endala yale nkqubo kunomnye ukususela nokuba loo ncinane yenguqu iya kuvelisa ixabiso lokuhlola elilodwa.
Ungaphinda ufune ukujonga ukuba iifayile ezimbini ziyafana ukuba ufaka ipakethi yenkonzo okanye enye inkqubo okanye uhlaziyo kuba iingxaki zenzeka xa ezinye iifayile zilahlekile ngexesha lokufakwa.
Jonga indlela yokuqinisekisa ubungqina befayile kwi-Windows kunye ne-FCIV ngokufundisa okufutshane kule nkqubo.
I-SHA-1 i-Checksum Calculators
Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokubala lungasetyenziselwa ukujonga i-checksum yefayile okanye iqela labalinganiswa.
Umzekelo, i-SHA1 Online kunye ne-SHA1 Hash zixhobo ezikhululekile kwi-intanethi ezikwazi ukuvelisa i-SHA-1 checksum yeliphi iqela leetekisi, iimpawu kunye / okanye iinombolo.
Lezo zhsayithi ziza kwenza umzekelo we-SHA-1 checksum we- bd17dabf6fdd24dab5ed0e2e6624d312e4ebeaba kwi-text pAssw0rd! .
Khangela Yintoni i-Checksum? ezinye izixhobo zokusebenza zamahhala ezinokufumana i-checksum yeefayile zangempela kwikhompyutheni yakho kwaye kungekhona nje umtya wesicatshulwa.