Inkcazo ye-MBR & Indlela yokulungisa ii-MBR ezingekho phantsi okanye eziphosakeleyo
Irekhodi yesiqalo sokuqala (ngokufuthi kufutshane njenge- MBR ) luhlobo lwesigaba sebhokisi esilondolozwe kwi- hard disk drive okanye enye ifowuni yokugcina equlethe ikhowudi yekhompyutheni efunekayo ukuze iqalise inkqubo yokuqalisa .
I-MBR idalwe xa i-disk drive ikwahlula , kodwa ayifumanekanga phakathi kwesahlulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abagcinanga ukwahlula ukugcinwa, njengediski yefolkthi, abanalo iirekhodi zokuqala.
Irekhodi yesiqalo sokuqala ikhona kwicandelo lokuqala le disk. Idilesi ethile kwi disk nguSyilinder: 0, iNtloko: 0, Icandelo: 1.
I-record boot record iqheleke ngokugqitywa njenge- MBR . Ungayibona kwakhona ibizwa ngokuba yi- master boot sector , icandelo lezero , i-block boot block , okanye i- master partition boot sector .
Ingxelo yeBoot Master inike ntoni?
Irekhodi yesiqalo somsebenzi iqulethi ezintathu: i- master partition table , isayinitsha sedisk , kunye nekhowudi yokuqalisa .
Nantsi inguqu elula yendima i-master boot irekhodi idlala xa ikhompyutha iqalisa kuqala:
- I-BIOS ibheka kuqala idivayisi ekujoliswe kuyo ukuba iqulethe i-master boot record.
- Xa sele ifunyenwe, ikhowudi ye-boot ye-MBR isebenzisa ikhowudi yevolumu ye - volume boko lwakwahlulo olukhethekileyo ukuchonga apho isahlulo senkqubo.
- Icandelo elithile leqhosha lokuqhafaza lisetyenziselwa ukuqala inkqubo yokusebenza .
Njengoko ubona, irekhodi yokuqalisa ibhola ibonisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuqalisa. Ngaphandle kweli candelo elithile lemiyalelo ekhoyo, ikhompyutha ayiyi kuba neendlela zokuqalisa iWindows okanye nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza osebenzayo.
Indlela yokulungisa i-Master Boot Record (MBR) iingxaki
Iingxaki kunye nerekhodi yesiqalo sokuqala ziyakwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ... mhlawumbi ukutshitshiswa kwegciwane le-MBR, okanye mhlawumbi ngenxa yorhwaphilizo ngenxa yokusebenza kolukhuni konakaliswe ngokomzimba. Irekhodi yesiqalo somninzi ingonakaliswe ngendlela encinci okanye isuswe ngokupheleleyo.
Ikophu "Ayikho idivaysi ye-boot" ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa inkinga yokurekhoda i-master boot, kodwa umyalezo ungahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kumenzi wakho wekhompyutheni okanye umenzi weBIOS we-motherboard .
I-MBR "yokulungisa" kufuneka iyenze ngaphandle kweWindows (ngaphambi kokuba iqale) kuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, iWindows ayikwazi ukuqala ...
- I-Windows 10 kunye ne-8: Iirekhodi ezikhutshweyo ze-boot zingalungiswa kwi- Windows 10 kunye ne- Windows 8 usebenzisa umyalelo we- bootrec kwi- Advanced Startup Options .
- I-Windows 7 kunye neVista: Nangona iWindows 7 ne- Windows Vista isekela umyalelo ofanayo, isetyenziswe kwiSketho zokuKhuthwa kweNkqubo endaweni yoko.
- I-Windows XP: Kwi- Windows XP , irekhodi ye-boot master ingalungiswa ngokusebenzisa umyalelo we-fixmbr . Jonga indlela yokulungisa i-Boot Record kwi-Windows XP ngoncedo.
Ezinye iikhomputha ziyazama ukukhupha kwi-floppy phambi kwediski ekhuni, kwimeko apho nayiphi na ikhowudi enobungozi elolo floppy iya kulayishwa kwimemori . Olu hlobo lwekhowudi lungafaka indawo yekhowudi eqhelekileyo kwi-MBR kwaye inqanda inkqubo yokusebenza ukuba iqale.
Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba intsholongwane ingabangela ityala lokukhokhwa kwenkohlakalo ye-master boot, sincoma ukusebenzisa i- antivirus program ye- free bootable ukuyihlola iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokuqalisa iqalise. Ezi zifana neenkqubo zangasese ze-antivirus kodwa zisebenza nangona xa inkqubo yokusebenza ingenayo.
MBR kunye ne-GPT: Yiyiphi i & # 39; s yohluko?
Xa sithetha nge-MBR kunye ne-GPT (GUID Partition Table), sithetha ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukileyo zokugcina ulwazi lokwahlula. Uza kubona ukhetho lokukhetha enye okanye enye xa ukwahlula i-hard drive okanye xa usebenzisa isicatshulwa sediski .
I-GPT ithatha indawo ye-MBR ngenxa yokuba kunemiqathango engaphantsi kwe-MBR. Ngokomzekelo, ubungakanani besahlulo esiphezulu se disk ye-MBR efomathiweyo ngobukhulu bobukhulu beeyunithi ezi-512-byte buyi-2 ye- TB enokulinganiswa ne-9.3 ZB (i-TB engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi- 9 ze- TB) apho iisitifiketi ze-GPT zivumela.
Kwakhona, i-MBR ivumela kuphela izahlulo ezine eziphambili kwaye zidinga ukuba ukwahlukana kwandiswe ukuze kubambe ezinye izahlulo ezibizwa ngokuba ngamaqhekeza enengqiqo . Iinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Windows zinokufikelela kuma-partition angu-128 kwi-drive ye-GPT ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokwakha isahlulo esandisiweyo.
Enye indlela i-GPT ikhupha ngayo i-MBR yindlela elula ngayo ukubuyiswa kobuqhetseba. Ii-disk ze-MBR zigcina i-boot ulwazi kwindawo enye, enokuthi ingonakaliswe kalula. Iidiski ze-GPT zigcina le datha efanayo kwiikopi ezininzi kwi-drive ekhuni ukwenza kube lula ukulungisa. I-GPT ikwahlukanisa iidiski kwaye iyakwazi ukuchonga imiba ngokuzenzekelayo kuba ihlola rhoqo iiphene.
I-GPT ixhaswa ngo- UEFI , ejoliswe ukuba ibe yi-BIOS.