Inkqubo yokunikezela idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelezo wemifanekiso yecomputer . Asiyi kuba nobunzulu obukhulu apha, kodwa akukho ngxoxo yepayipi yeCG iza kuzaliswa ngaphandle kokubhekisela izixhobo kunye neendlela zokwenza imifanekiso ye-3D.
NjengoPhuhliso lweFilimu
Ukunikezelwa yinkalo enkulu yezobuchwepheshe be-3D, kodwa ingakwazi ukuqonda ngokucacileyo kumxholo wesiganeko: Njengomfanekiso-mfanekiso wefayili kufuneka akhulise kwaye ashicilele iifoto zakhe ngaphambi kokuba aboniswe, abaqeqeshi beekhompyutheni zekhomputha mfuneko.
Xa umculi usebenza kwisimo se-3D , iimodeli aziphathayo empeleni zimelela imathematika kunye neendawo (ngokukodwa, izithako kunye nama-polygoni) kwisithuba sesithathu.
Igama eliguqulelwe libhekiselele kubalo olwenziwe yi- software yepakethe ye-3D yokunikezela i-injini ukuguqulela ummandla ukusuka kwisiqingatha semathematika ukuya ku-2D umfanekiso ogqityiweyo. Ngethuba le nkqubo, indawo yesehlakalo yendawo, imiyalezo kunye nokukhanyisa idibeneyo idibanise ukucacisa inani lemibala yepikseli nganye kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo.
Iintlobo ezimbini zokunikezela
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokunikezela, ukuhlukana kwazo okuphambili kukukhawuleza apho iimifanekiso zibalwa kwaye zigqityiwe.
- Ukunikezelwa Kwexesha- Yona : Ukunikezelwa Kwamaxesha Okwenziweyo kusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwimidlalo yokudlala kunye nemifanekiso echaphazelekayo, apho iimifanekiso kufuneka zibhalwe kwiinkcukacha ze-3D kwixesha elikhawulezayo.
- Ukusebenzisana: Ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba umdlali uya kusebenzisana njani nomdlalo wezemidlalo, imifanekiso kufuneka inikwe "ngexesha langempela" njengoko isenzo senzeka.
- Imiba yokukhawuleza: Ukuze inqamaniso ibonakale i-fluid, ubuncinane ubunama-18 ukuya kuma-20 amaqhosha ngesibini kufuneka banikwe kwisikrini. Into engaphantsi kwalesi nento iya kubonakala ikhutshwe.
- Iindlela: Ukunikezelwa kwexesha langempela kuphuculwe ngokugqithiseleyo nge- graphics gradizes (GPUs), kunye nokuqulunqa kwangaphambili ulwazi oluninzi ngokunokwenzeka. Ininzi yolwazi lokukhanyisa kwendawo yemidlalo i-pre-computed and "baked" ngqo kwiifayile zokufakela kwimo yendawo yokuphucula ukuphucula isivinini.
- Ukungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi okanye i-Pre-Rendering: Ukunikezelwa kwe- Offline kusetyenziswe kwiimeko apho isivinini singekho ngaphantsi kombandela, ngokubala ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ii-CPU ezininzi.
- Ukubikezela: Ukunikezelwa kwe-Offline kubonakala kuninzi kwiimpawu kunye nemiphumo yomsebenzi apho ukubonakala okubonakalayo kunye ne-photorealism kubanjwe kumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu. Ekubeni akukho ukungaqiniseki ngokuphathelele oko kuza kubonakala kwisakhelo ngasinye, ii-studio ezinkulu zaziwa ngokuzinikezela ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-90 zinikezela ngamakhethi ngamnye.
- I-Photorealism: Ngenxa yokuba ukunikezelwa kokungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kwenzeka ngexesha lokuvala ixesha elivulekileyo, amanqanaba aphezulu okubonakalisa i-photorealism angafumaneka ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwexesha langempela. Abalinganiswa, izimo, kunye nezixhobo kunye nezibane ezihambelanayo zivunyelwe ukuba ziphakame iipolonti zokubala, kunye ne-4k (okanye ngaphezulu) iifayile zokusombulula isisombululo.
Iinkqubo zokunikezela
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokusebenzisa iikhompyutha ezisetyenziselwa ukunikezela ezininzi. Ngamnye unelungelo lokuzikhethela kunye nokungahleleki, okwenza zonke iindlela ezintathu ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile.
- I-Scanline (okanye i-rasterization): Ukunikezelwa kwe-Scanline kusetyenziswa xa ixabiso lihambileyo, okwenza kube yindlela yokhetho yokunikezelwa kwexesha langempela kunye nemifanekiso eqhelanisiweyo. Esikhundleni sokunikezela ngomfanekiso we-pixel-by-pixel, i-scanline renderers iyaqulunqa kwi-polygon nge-polygon. Iindlela zokuhlaziya ezisetyenziselwa ngokubambisana nokukhanyisa kwangaphambili (kubhaka) zikwazi ukufikelela kwizantya ezingama-60 ngeesibini okanye ezingcono kwikhadi elibonisa imifanekiso ephezulu.
- Ukukhupha i-Raytracing: Kwi-raytracing, kuyo yonke i-pixel kwindawo, enye yokukhanya okanye i-ray (s) yokukhanya ilandelwa ukusuka kwikhamera ukuya kwi-3D into esondeleyo. I-ray ray iyadluliselwa kwinani elimisiweyo le "bounces", elinokuquka ukucamngca okanye ukugxeka kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo kwi-3D scene. Umbala wepikseli nganye uqikelelwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni ukukhanya kwezinto kunye nezinto ezikulo ndlela. I-raytracing inakho ukufumana umfanekiso ophezulu ngaphezu kwe-scanline kodwa ihamba ngokukhawuleza.
- Ubungangamsha: Ngokungafani ne-raytracing, ukukhwabanisa kubalwa ngokuzimeleyo kwekhamera, kwaye i-oriented surface kune-pixel-by-pixel. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-radiosity ukuchaneka ngokugqithiseleyo umbala wombala ngokubakho ukukhanya okungekho ngqo (ukukhanya okugqithisileyo). Ubungangamsha bubonakaliswa ngethunzi ezithambileyo ezigqityiweyo kunye nokuphuma kumbala, apho ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni ezinemibala ekhanyayo "kuphuma" kwiindawo ezikufuphi.
- Ngokwenzeni, ukukhwabanisa kunye ne-raytracing kusetyenziswa ngokubambisana, kusetyenziswa inzuzo yenkqubo nganye ukufikelela kumanqanaba amangalisayo okufakela isithombe.
Ukunikezela ngeSoftware
Nangona ukunikezela kuncike kwizibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isofthiwe yanamhlanje inika lula ukuqonda iiparitha ezenza ukuba umculi angafuneki ukujongana neemathematika ezisezantsi. Iinjini zinikezelo zibandakanywa nazo zonke iinkqubo ezinkulu ze-software ze-3D, kwaye ezininzi zazo ziquka izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokukhanyisa iipakethi ezenza kube lula ukuphumeza amanqanaba amancinci.
Iinjini ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ezibonelela ngeenjini:
- I-Ray mental - Ifakwe kwi-Autodesk Maya. I-Ray yengqondo iyamangalisa ngokukodwa, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye mhlawumbi iproverater efanelekileyo kakhulu kwimifanekiso yemifanekiso efuna ukuhlakazeka kwe-subsurface. I-mental ray isebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-raytracing kunye "nokukhanya kwehlabathi jikelele" (uburhala).
- UV-Ray - Ngokuqhelekileyo ubona i-V-Ray esetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-3DS Max-ndawonye le mibini ayinakulinganiswa ngokubonakalayo kwezakhiwo kunye nokunikezelwa kwemvelo. Iingeniso eziphambili zeVRay ngaphezu komncintiswano walo zixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye neencwadi ezibanzi zelayibrari ze-arch-viz.
Ukunikezelwa ngumbandela wobugcisa, kodwa unokuba lunomdla gqitha xa uqala ukujonga ngokuthe ngcembe kwezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo.