I-Bitcoin imali yedijithali ingaba kwisikhwama sakho sekamva
I-Bitcoin - imali yokuqala yebhanki ye-intanethi - ikhona iminyaka emininzi ngoku kwaye abantu abaninzi banemibuzo malunga nabo. Bavela phi? Ngaba asemthethweni ? Ungawafumana phi na? Kutheni bahlula kwiBitcoin neBitcoin Cash ? Nantsi iziseko ezifunekayo ukuba wazi.
I-Cryptocurrency ichazwe
I-Cryptocurrencies yimizila yekhowudi yekhompyutheni ebambe ixabiso lemali. Le miqolo yekhowudi yenziwe ngumbane kunye neekhomputha zeekhompyutheni. I-Cryptocurrency yaziwa nangokuthi idijithali . Enoba yiyiphi indlela, yindlela yemali kawonkewonke yedijithali eyenziwe ngokuqulunqwa kwemibhalo yeemathematika kunye neepolisi zezigidi zabasebenzisi bekhompyutha ababizwa ngokuthi 'abavukuzi'. Ngokwenyama, akukho nto yokubamba nangona ungatshintshisa i- crypto ngemali .
'I-Crypto' ivela kwi-cryptography igama, inkqubo yokukhusela esetyenziselwa ukukhusela iintengiso ezithumela imizila yekhowudi yokuthenga. I-Cryptography ilawula kwakhona ukudala 'kweengqekembe' ezintsha, igama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza inani elithile lekhodi. Kukho ngokwenene ngamakhulu emali ngoku; iindawo ezimbalwa zinokuba namandla okuba utyalo-mali.
Oorhulumente abanakho ulawulo phezu kokudalwa kwee-cryptocurrencies, nto leyo eyabenza ukuba bayithande kakhulu. Uninzi lweempahla zokuqala ziqala ngekhredithi yemakethe engqondweni, oko kuthetha ukuba imveliso yazo iya kuhla kwexesha, ngokufanelekileyo, ukwenza nayiphi na imali ethile ixabiseke ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.
Ziziphi i-Bitcoins?
I-Bitcoin yayiyimali yokuqala ye-cryptocoin eyakhayo. Akukho mntu owaziyo ngokuchanekileyo ngubani owayidalayo - i-cryptocurrencies yenzelwe ukungaziwa - kodwa i-bitcoins yokuqala yabonakala ngo-2009 evela kumqhubi obizwa ngokuba nguTatanoshi Nakamoto. Usuke wanyamalala waza washiya i-fortune yeBitcoin.
Ngenxa yokuba i-Bitcoin yayiyi-cryptocurrency yokuqala, zonke iindidi zemali ezidalwe ukususela ngoko zibizwa ngokuba yiAlcoins, okanye enye imali. I-Litecoin , i- Peercoin , i- Feathercoin , i- Ethereum kunye namakhulu emali enye yonke i-Altcoins kuba ayinayo i-Bitcoin.
Enye yeenzuzo zeBitcoin kukuba ingagcinwa ngokungaxhunyiwe kwi- hardware yomntu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokugcina ebandayo kwaye ikhusela imali ekuthatyathwe ngabanye. Xa imali igcinwa kwi-intanethi kwindawo ethile (isitoreji esishisayo), kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba kubiwe.
Kwiphepha le-flip, ukuba umntu ulahlekelwe ukufikelela kwi-hardware equle i-bitcoins, imali ihambe ngokuphela ngonaphakade. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuninzi beebhiliyoni ezingama-30 zama-bitcoins zilahlekile okanye zilahlekiswa ngabavukuzi kunye nabatyalomali. Nangona kunjalo, i-Bitcoins ihlala isithandwa ngokugqithisileyo njenge-cryptocurrency eyaziwayo kakhulu kwixesha.
Kutheni i-Bitcoins ixabana kakhulu
Izizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ziye zaguquka ukuze zenze i-Bitcoin imali yentswelo yolwazi lwangempela.
Ukususela ngo-2011-2013, abathengisi bezobugebengu benza iibhitcoins ezidumileyo ngokuzithenga kwiibhetts zezigidi zeedola ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuhambisa imali ngaphandle kwamehlo okuthotyelwa komthetho. Emva koko, ixabiso leebhitcoins liluhlaza.
Izikratshi, nazo, zinyani kwihlabathi le-cryptocurrency. Abatshali-mali abanamahloni kunye nabanokwenza imali banokulahlekelwa ngamakhulu okanye amawaka eedola ukukhwabanisa.
Kodwa ekugqibeleni, i-bitcoins kunye ne-altcoins ziphikisana kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zithatha amandla okwenza imali kude neebhanki zephondo, kwaye zinike uluntu jikelele. Iingxelo zeBitcoin azikwazi ukucinywa okanye zihlolwe ngamadoda eerhafu, kwaye iibhanki eziphakathi azidingekile ukuba zihambe. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nababhanki bawabona ama-bitcoins njenge "gogo zegolide" zasendle, zasendle entshonalanga, ngaphaya kolawulo lwamapolisa emveli kunye namaziko emali.
Indlela i-Bitcoins isebenza ngayo
I-Bitcoins iyimali yesininzi epheleleyo eyenzelwe ukuba 'i-self-contained' yexabiso layo, kungekho mfuneko yokuba ibhanki ihambe kwaye igcine imali. Emva kokuba ube neengqayi, ziziphatha njengemali yegolide ebonakalayo: ixabisa kwaye ithengisa nje ngokuba yayingumgubo wegolide ephaketheni lakho. Ungasebenzisa i-bitcoins yakho ukuthenga impahla kunye neenkonzo kwi-intanethi , okanye ungazikhupha kwaye unethemba lokuba ixabiso labo liyakwandisa kwiminyaka.
I-Bitcoins ithengiswa kwi-individual 'wallet' ukuya kwenye. Isikhwama sisiseko esincinci somntu ogcinayo kwi-computer drive (oko kukugcina ukugcina ubusika), kwi- smartphone yakho, kwithebhulethi yakho, okanye kwindawo ethile efini (isitoreji esishisayo).
Kuzo zonke iinjongo, ii-bitcoins ziyakunqandwa. Kuyinto enjalo yokuqhafaza kakhulu ukudala i-bitcoin, akusiyo imali efanelekileyo kubaxhasi ukuphatha inkqubo.
IMitcoin Values and Regulations
I-bitcoin enye iyahluka kwixabiso lemihla ngemihla; Ungajonga indawo ezifana neCoindesk ukubona ixabiso lanamhlanje. Kukho ama-bitcoins angama-dollar angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbini ezikhoyo. I-Bitcoins izakuyeka ukudala xa inani lifikelela kwiibhiliyoni ezi-21 zeebhiliyoni, eziza kuba lixesha elidlulileyo kunyaka wama-2040. Ngomnyaka we-2017, ngaphezu kwesahlulo sazo zinyumba zadalwa.
Imali yeBitcoin ayinakulawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo . Akukho bhanki kazwelonke okanye iprogram yesizwe, kwaye akukho ntlawulo yomshuwalense we-inshurensi. Imali ngokwayo iqulethe kwaye i-collateraled, ithetha ukuba akukho nsimbi enqabileyo emva kwee-bitcoins; Ixabiso le-bitcoin nganye lihlala ngaphakathi kwe-bitcoin nganye.
I-Bitcoins ilawulwa yi-'amaminer ', inethiwekhi enkulu yabantu abafaka iikhomputha zabo kwiinkonzo zeBitcoin. Abavukuzi basebenza njengengqungquthela yabagcini bebala kunye nabaphicothi-zincwadi kwiintengiso zeBitcoin. Abancinci bahlawulwa ngomsebenzi wabo wokubamba imali ngokufumana ama-bitcoins amatsha kwiveki nganye abafaka isandla kwi-intanethi.
Indlela i-Bitcoins ilandelwa ngayo
I-Bitcoin ibamba ifayile elula kakhulu yedatha ebizwa ngokuba yi- blockchain . I-blockchain nganye iyingqayizivele kumsebenzisi ngamnye ngamnye kunye nengxowa yakhe yebhitcoin.
Zonke iintengiso ze-bitcoin zithengiswa kwaye zenziwe zifumaneke kwisikhokelo sikarhulumente, ekuncedeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwabo nokukhusela ubuqhetseba. Le nkqubo inceda ekuthintela ukuthengiswa okuvela kuphindwe kwaye abantu bekopisha i-bitcoins.
Qaphela: Nangona yonke i-Bitcoin ibhala idilesi yedijithali nganye yekhredithi ethintelayo, inkqubo ye-bitcoin ayibhalisi amagama abo bantu abanezikhwama. Ngokwenyani, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthengiswa kwe-bitcoin kuqinisekisiweyo ngamanqaku kodwa akungaziwa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elifanayo.
Ngoko, nangona abantu bengakwazi ukubona ubuni bakho bodwa, banokubona imbali yebhanki yakho ye-bitcoin. Le nto yinto entle, njengembali yoluntu yongeza ukukhanya kunye nokukhuseleka, inceda abantu ukuba bangasebenzisi i-bitcoins ngeenjongo ezingathandekiyo okanye ezingekho mthethweni.
Ibhanki okanye ezinye iirhafu zokusebenzisa i-Bitcoins
Kukho imali encinci kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-bitcoins. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mali yebhanki eqhubekayo kunye ne-bitcoin kunye nezinye i- cryptocurrency kuba akukho bhanki ezibandakanyekayo. Endaweni yoko, uya kuhlawula imali encinci kumaqela amathathu enkonzo ze-bitcoin: amaseva (amacandelo) axhasa inethiwekhi yabavukuzi, ukuthengisana kwe- intanethi okuguqula ama-bitcoins akho kwiidola , kunye namachibi okumbumbana ozibandakanyayo.
Abanikazi bamashishini amashishini athile baya kuhlawulisa iifizi zokuthengiswa kwexesha elilodwa kwimizuzu embalwa xa uthumela imali kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye ukuthengisana kwe-intanethi kuya kufana nokuhlawulisa xa uhlawula i-bitcoins yakho kwiidola okanye i-euro. Ukongezelela, amaninzi amachibi asemigodini aya kuhlawulisa imali encinci yepesenti okanye acele umnikelo omncinci kubantu abajoyina amachibi abo.
Ekugqibeleni, ngelixa kukho iindleko zokuqhafaza ukusebenzisa i-Bitcoin, iimali zentengiso kunye neminikelo yamachibi eemigodi ayithengi ngaphezu kweebhanki eziqhelekileyo.
IiNkcazelo zeBitcoin
I-Bitcoins inokuthi 'ifakwe' ngabani na uluntu jikelele ophethe ikhomputha eqinile. I-Bitcoins zenziwa ngeenkqubo zokuzinqanda kakhulu ezithintekayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cryptocurrency imigodi kunye nabantu abaza kuthiwa ngamabhondi abizwa ngokuthi abavukuzi . Kuyinto yokuzikhawulela ngenxa yokuba i-bitcoins yezigidi ezingama-21 kuphela ziya kuvunyelwa ukuba zikho, malunga nezigidi ezili-11 zezoBitcoins eziye zagqitywa kwaye zijikelezwa ngoku.
Imayini yeBitcoin iquka ukulawula ikhompyutha yakho yasekhaya ukusebenza malunga neeyure ukuxazulula iingxaki 'zokungqina-msebenzi' (iingxaki zeematriki ezinzulu). Ingxaki nganye ye-maths ibonisa isisombululo seendlela ezinama-64. Ikhompyutheni yakho yekhompyutheni, ukuba isebenza ngokungaqhelekanga, inokukwazi ukucombulula enye inkinga ye-bitcoin kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwethathu, mhlawumbi ixesha elide.
Ngomnye umntu onobumba be-computer oyimithi yamanzi, ungayifumana ama-50 cents ukuya kuma-75 eentengo zama-USD ngosuku, unciphisa iindleko zombane.
Kuba ngummbibi omkhulu kakhulu oqhuba ii-computer ezinamandla ezingama-36 kunye, loo mntu unako ukufikelela kwi-$ 500 USD ngosuku, emva kweendleko.
Enyanisweni, ukuba unommbizi omncinci onomlinganiselo wekhompyutheni enye yabathengi, mhlawumbi uya kuchitha ngaphezulu kombane oza kuzuza iimbotcoins zemigodi. Imayini yeBitcoin inenzuzo kakhulu xa uqhuba iikhomputha ezininzi, kwaye ujoyine iqela labavukuzi ukudibanisa amandla akho e-hardware. Le nto imfuneko yokwenza i-hardware imfuneko enye yeyona ndlela inqabileyo yokhuseleko eyenza abantu bazama ukulawula inkqubo yeB Bitcoin.
Ukhuseleko lweBitcoin
Bakhuselekile njengokuba benesitye esibalulekileyo. Njengokuba ubambe isikhwama seemali zegolide, umntu othabathayo ngokukhuselekileyo uya kukhuseleka ekubeni ne-cache yakhe eyebiwe ngabagculi.
Njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, i-walcoon yakho ye-bitcoin ingagcinwa kwi-intanethi (oko kukuthi inkonzo yefu) okanye ngaphandle kwe-intanethi (i-hard drive okanye intonga ye-USB ). Indlela engaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi iyimimandla engaphephekiyo kwaye iyanconywa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ubani ophethe ii-bitcoins ezingaphezu kwe-1 okanye ezimbini kodwa ingekho ingozi.
Ngaphandle kokungena kwe- hacker , ingozi yokulahleka kwangempela kunye ne-bitcoins ijikeleze ukungaxhasi i-wallet yakho nekopi ye-failsafe. Kukho okubalulekileyo. ifayili yedatha ehlaziywa rhoqo xa ufumana okanye uthumele i-bitcoins, ngoko fayili yefayili kufuneka ikopishwe kwaye igcinwe njenge-backup backup nsuku zonke ozenzayo.
Inqabiseko yokhuseleko : Ukuwa kweMat.Gox bitcoin inkonzo yokutshintshana kwakungekho ngenxa yobuthathaka kwinkqubo yeBitcoin. Kunoko, loo ntlangano yawa ngenxa yokuphathwa kakubi kunye nokungafuni kwabo ukutshala nayiphi na imali kwimilinganiselo yokhuseleko. I-Mt.Gox, kuzo zonke iinjongo kunye neenjongo, zinebhanki enkulu engenabalindi bokhuseleko, kwaye ihlawule ixabiso.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweBitcoins
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziyaziwayo ukuba i-bitcoin imali ingasetyenziswa kakubi.
1) Ubuthakathaka bobugcisa - ukulibaziseka ixesha lokuqinisekisa: ii- bitcoins zichithwa kabini kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo ngexesha lokuqinisekisa. Ngenxa yokuba i-bitcoins ihamba noontanga, ithatha imizuzwana emibini ukuze kwenziwe ukuthengiselana kwi-P2P. Ngethuba lemizuzwana embalwa, umntu ongathembekanga oqesha ngokukhawuleza unokungenisa inkokhelo yesibini yamatcoins efanayo kummkeli omnye.
Nangona inkqubo ekugqibeleni iyakubamba i-double spending-spending kwaye ilahlekise ukuthengiselana kweyesibini okungathembekanga, ukuba ummkeli wesibini utshintshe impahla kumthengi ongathembekiyo phambi kokuba athole isiqinisekiso, lowo wesibini umamukeli uya kulahleka kokubili intlawulo kunye nempahla.
2) Ukungathembeki kwabantu - abaququzeleli bamachibi bathatha iincwadana ezingenabulungisa : Ngenxa yokuba imayini ye-bitcoin iphumelele ngokubambisa (ukujoyina iqela lamawaka wabanye abavukuzi), abaququzeleli beqela ngalinye bafumana ilungelo lokukhetha ukwahlula nawaphi na ama-bitcoins afunyenwe . I-Bitcoin abaququzeleli bamachibi beemigodi banokungathembeki bathathe amashishini angaphezu kwe-bitcoin.
3) Ukuphathwa kakubi kwabantu - ukuthengisana nge-intanethi: kunye neMat. I-Gox eyona mzekelo mkhulu, abantu abaqhuba izivumelwano ezingekho mthethweni kwi-intanethi ezithengisa imali ngemali ye-bitcoins ingaba yinyanisekileyo okanye ayikwazi. Oku kufana noFannie Mae kunye no-Freddie Mac ibhanki yotyalo-mali iya ngaphantsi ngenxa yokungathembeki kwabantu nokungafaneleki. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba ilahleko eziqhelekileyo zebhanki zixhaswa ngabanini bebhanki, ngelixa i-bitcoin exchanges ayinayo i-inshorensi yabasebenzisi.
Izizathu ezine zokuthi kungani i-Bitcoins Injalo
Kukho ukuphikisana okuninzi malunga ne-bitcoins. Ezi zizathu eziphezulu zokuba kutheni:
1) I-Bitcoins ayilwanga yiphina ibhanki enkulu, kwaye ayilawulwa nguwuphi na urhulumente. Ngoko ke, akukho iibhanki ezifakela ukunyakaza kwemali yakho, kunye ne-arhente yentlawulo karhulumente kunye namapolisa akakwazi ukulandelela imali yakho. Oku kuya kuguqulwa ekugqibeleni, njengoko imali engekho mthethweni iyingozi yokwenene nokulawulwa koorhulumente, irhafu kunye nemisebenzi yamapolisa.
Enyanisweni, i-bitcoins iye yaba yinto yokuthengiswa kwe-contraband kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwemali, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokungabikho kolawulo lwarhulumente. Ixabiso leebhitcoins lidlulileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo kuba izigebengu ezicebile zithenga ii-bitcoins kwimimandla emikhulu. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mgaqo, nokho, unako ukulahlekelwa ngokukhulu njengommbizi okanye umtyalomali.
2) I-Bitcoins i-banking. I-Bitcoins idluliselwa nge-intanethi yontanga phakathi kwabantu, ngaphandle kwebhanki ye-middleman ukuthatha ucezu.
Iibhentshi zeBitcoin azikwazi ukuthatyathwa okanye zichwaywe okanye ziphicothwe yiibhanki kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho. Iibhentshi zeBitcoin azikwazi ukuchitha kunye nokunciphisa imingcele. Kuzo zonke iinjongo: akukho mntu kodwa umnini wesikhwama se-bitcoin unquma indlela ubutyebi babo obuya kulawulwa ngayo.
Oku kuyingozi kwiibhanki, njengoko unokucinga.
3) I-Bitcoins iyatshintsha indlela esigcina ngayo nokuchitha ubutyebi bethu. Ukususela ekufikeni kwemali (kunye neyokugqibela), ihlabathi liye lalinika amandla emali kwi-central mint kunye neebhanki ezahlukeneyo. Ezi mabhanki ziprintela imali yethu, zigcina imali yethu ebonakalayo, zihambisa imali yethu, kwaye zihlawulise ngeenkonzo zabo eziphakathi.
Ukuba iibhanki zifuna imali engaphezulu, ziphrinta ngaphezulu okanye zidibanise amadijithi amaninzi kwizikhokelo zabo zekhompyutha. Le nkqubo iqhutyelwa kakubi kwaye idlalwa ngamabhanki ngenxa yokuba iphepha lephepha lihlolisise iphepha kunye nesithembiso sokuba nexabiso, kungekho negolide yangempela emva kweembonakaliso emva kwezi zithembiso.
I-Bitcoins yenzelwe ukubeka ukulawula kobutyebi buntu kwisandla somntu. Esikhundleni sephepha okanye ibhalansi yebhanki ebonakalayo ethembisa ukuba yixabiso, i-Bitcoins yiphakheji yangempela yedatha edibeneyo enexabiso kuye.
4) Iintengiso zeBitcoin zisoloko zingenakwenzeka. Izindlela zokukhokha eziqhelekileyo, njengentlawulo yekhadi lesikweletu, uhlalutyo lwebhanki, ukuhlolwa kwamanye, okanye ukutshintshela i-wire, inenzuzo yokufumana i-insured kwaye ibuyekezelwe yiibhanki ezibandakanyekayo. Kwimeko yamatcoins, zonke ii-bitcoins zitshintsha izandla zitshintshe izikhwama, umphumo wokugqibela. Ngexesha elifanayo, akukho khuselo lwe-inshorensi yakho ye-bitcoin isikhwama: Ukuba ulahlekelwa yidatha yakho ye-wallet yedata okanye iphasiwedi yakho, khumbula: okuqukethwe kwakho kwekhredithi kuye kwaphela ngonaphakade.