Uluntu jikelele luqala ukuqaphela iteknoloji ye- blockchain ngokuqaliswa kwe- bitcoin . I-Bitcoin, idijithali yemali ye-digital, okanye i- cryptocurrency , ivumela abantu ukuba bathumele kwaye bafumane iimali omnye komnye ngaphandle kwesidingo somlamli njengobhanki okanye inkampani yokucwangcisa intlawulo.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwezi zintengiselwano zontanga kwenza ukuba kwenzeke yi-blockchain, eququzelela umgaqo-sikhokelo kawonkewonke wonke ukudluliselwa kwe-bitcoin kwinethwekhi kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuhlolwa kunye nezilinganiso ezikhusela izikhalazo ze-P2P ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezimbini kunye neminye imisebenzi yobuqhetseba. Nangona i-blockchain eqinisweni i-technological under behind i-bitcoin, isetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yokubonakalisa okubonakalayo kunye nokukwazi ukukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo indoda ephakathi xa kuqukunjelwa ukudluliselwa kwempahla yedijithali, imali okanye enye indawo, i-blockchain ibonisa amathuba anqabileyo kakhulu kubaphuhlisi abangezithuba ezifana neqela emva kweprojekthi ye-Ethereum.
Yintoni i-Ethereum?
Njenge-bitcoin, i-Ethereum isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-blockchain. Kwakhona uthanda i-bitcoin, i-Ethereum ine-cryptocurrency egama lingu-Ether elingathengwa, ukuthengiswa, ukuthengiswa okanye ukuveliswa ngemigodi. Ukufana kwezinga eliphezulu kuphele apho, nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-Ethereum yadalwa kwaye ihlelwe ngenjongo ehlukileyo kakhulu engqondweni.
Ngokuyinhloko i-blockchain ehleliweyo, umthombo ovulekile u-Ethereum usenokuya ekhaya kwisihlwele sezinto ezidalwa ngumsebenzisi ezenziwe ngokusemthethweni. Oko kuthetha ukuthini abaprogram bangasebenzisa i-Ethereum kungeyiyo kuphela ukuyila kunye nokukhulula izikhalazo zabo ezifana ne-bitcoin, kodwa banokugcina kunye nokufezekisa izivumelwano ezinjengeentlawulo zezindlu okanye i-wills ngokomzekelo. Ngabo bonke abadali babo, i-Ethereum yodwa "ixabiso-i-agnostic" kwaye ekugqibeleni abaphuhlisi kunye nosomashishini baya kugqiba oko kusetyenziswa.
Njengaye nayiphi na enye i-blockchain, i-Ethereum yolwazi ihlaziywa rhoqo ngamaziko onke axhunyiwe kwinethiwekhi. I-Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) inokuqhuba izicelo ezifakwe kwiilwimi ezidumiweyo ezifana neJavaScript kunye nePython, nayo yonke i-node eqhuba iisethi ezifanayo zomyalelo okhowudiweyo.
Ngenxa yokuba yonke i-computing ngaphakathi kwe-EVM yenziwa ngokufanayo kulo lonke uxhumano, unemvumelwano esivumelwaneni esisemgangathweni esingaqinisekanga ukuba ayikho ikhefu, iphoso elikhawulezileyo okanye ukubuyiswa kweentlekele kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na idatha egciniweyo kwi-Ethereum blockchain ayikwazi ukunyanzelwa okanye isetyenziswe ngesizathu nasiphi na isizathu.
IiAkhawunti kunye neState Contracts
Ukuqonda ngokuqinisekileyo i-Ethereum, kufuneka uqale ukuqonda ingqiqo yeenkontileka ezihlakaniphile. I-Ethereum blockchain ilandelela imeko yangoku ye-akhawunti nganye kunye nokudluliselwa kwexabiso phakathi kwabo, ngokuchasene nomlingani wayo we-bitcoin ogcina irekhodi yokuthengiswa kwemali.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-akhawunti ezifunyenwe kwi-Ethereum blockchain, ii-Akhawunti ze-Outdoor (EOAs) kunye neeAkhawunti zeKontrakthi. I-EOA ilawulwa ngumsebenzisi kwaye ifumaneka ngekona yangasese eyimfihlo. I-Akhawunti zeKontrakthi, okwangoku, iqulethe ikhowudi eqhutywa xa ukuthengiswa kuthunyelwa kwi-akhawunti. Ezi nkqubo zibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengezivumelwano ezihlakaniphile.
Iikontraka ze-Smart zivula ihlabathi lamathuba amakhowudi anengqiqo, kuquka ukukwazi ukwenza iinkqubo ezenza izivumelwano okanye ukuhambisa ubunini beempahla kuphela xa ixesha lichanekile. Ukuhambisa le khowudi kwi-Ethereum blockchain kudala iAkhawunti entsha yeKontrakthi, eqhutyelwa kuphela xa imiyalelo yokwenza njalo ithunyelwa yi-EOA - elawulwa ngumnini-akhawunti ophethe ikona yangasese ehambelana nayo.
Xa ukuthengiswa komyalelo kuthunyelwa kwi-AOA kwiAkhawunti yeKontrakthi, umsebenzisi kufuneka ahlawule umrhumo woqeshiselo kwi-intanethi ye-Ethereum kwinqanaba ngalinye leprogram abangathanda ukuyenza. Le ntlawulo ayihlawulwanga ngemali ye-fiat kodwa ku-Ether, i-cryptocurrency yomthonyama ehambelana ne-Ethereum platform.
I-Ether yeMigodi
I-Ethereum isebenzisa inkqubo ye-Proof-of-Work (PoW) ukuqinisekisa nokufezekisa intsebenziswano kwintanethi, kungekhona ngokungafani ne-bitcoin okanye ezininzi zeepro-protocol zontanga ezisebenzisa i-blockchain kawonkewonke. Intengiso nganye iqokelelwe nabanye abatsha bangeniswa njengenxalenye yebhloko yokukhusela i-cryptographically.
Iikhomputha ezibizwa ngokuba ngabasebenzi bamaminisi basebenzisa ii- GPU kunye / okanye i- CPU imijikelezo ukuxazulula iingxaki zokuqulunqa imemori kuze kube yilapho amandla abo abambeneyo efumanisa isisombululo. Xa oko kwenzeka, zonke iintengiso ziyaqinisekiswa kwaye zenziwa kwaye ibhlokhi yongezwa kwi-blockchain. Abo bavukuzi abaye bathatha inxaxheba ekuxazululeni ibhloko bafumana isabelo esinqunyiwe se-Ether, umvuzo wabo wokugcina inethiwekhi ye-Ethereum isebenza.
Abangena kutsho kwiimayini ze-Ether ngokuqhelekileyo bajoyina amachibi adibanisa amandla okusebenzisa iikhompyutheni zabavukuzi abambalwa ngenzame yokucombulula iibhloko ngokukhawuleza kwaye ahlule imivuzo ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nalabo abanamandla amaninzi abathobela isabelo esikhulu se-Ether. Eminye yamachibi e-Ethereum eyaziwa kakhulu yi-Ethpool, i-F2Pool kunye ne-DwarfPool. Abasebenzisi abaninzi abakhethekileyo banquma ukuzimela ngamanye.
Ukuthenga, ukuthengisa nokuThengiswa kweEther
I-Ether inokuthengwa, ithengiswe kwaye ithengiswe ngemali ye-fiat kunye nezinye i-cryptocoins ngokusebenzisa i-intanethi efana ne- Coinbase , i-Bitfinex kunye ne-GDAX. Ed. Qaphela: Xa utyalomali kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-cryptocurrencies, qiniseka ukuba ubukele iiflegi ezibomvu .
Ethereum Wallet
I-Ethereum Wallet isicelo esifakelwe kwendawo, ekhuselweyo ngundoqo eyimfihlo, egcina ngokukhuselekileyo i-Ether kunye nayo nayiphi na enye impahla eyakhiwe kwiplatifomu. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona isofthiwe yesibhanki ukubhala, ukuhambisa nokuqhuba izivumelwano ezikhankanywe ngentla.
Kunconywa ukuba ulayishe kuphela i-Ethereum isikhwama se-Ethereum.org okanye i-GitHub yayo yokugcina.
I-Ethereum Block Explorers
Yonke imisebenzi kwi-Ethereum blockchain isesidlangalaleni kwaye isesha, kwaye indlela elula kakhulu yokuyijonga le ntsebenziswano ivela kwi-block explorer efana ne-Etherchain.org okanye i-EtherScan. Ukuba akukho nanye yezi zidibene neemfuno zakho, ukukhangela kwe-Google elula kuza kubuya ezinye iindlela.