Bonisa - I-Linux Command - Unix Command

izixhobo zokusampula ezisetyenziswa yi-JPEG okanye i-MPEG-2 encoder kunye ne-YUV encoder / encoder.

-scenes

uluhlu lweenombolo zomfanekiso wokufunda

-candelo x

icandelo lomfanekiso

-iyo_nememori

sebenzisa imemori eyabelwe

-hairpen < radiyo > x

ubukhali umfanekiso

-ze x {+ offset}

ububanzi nobude bomfanekiso

-text_font

umgca wokubhala umbhalo obanzi obanzi

-taxture

igama lokwakheka kwi-tile kwimvelaphi yomfanekiso

umxholo

ukwabela isihloko sokubonisa umfanekiso [ animate, display, montage ]

-thé

Ukujula komthi kumgangatho we-algorithm wokunciphisa umbala

-trim

nciphisa umfanekiso

-i- seconds

ukufumanisa xa ifayile yesithombe iguqulwa kwaye iphinda ihlaziywe kwakhona.

-use_pixmap

benzisa i pixmap

-verbose

ukuprinta ulwazi olunzulu malunga nomfanekiso

uluhlu

ukukhupha imifanekiso usebenzisa le X uhlobo lokubonwa

-window

wenze umfanekiso weskrini

-window_group

cacisa iqela le window

-ubhale

bhala umfanekiso kwifayile [ bonisa ]

BUTTONS MOUSE

Imiphumo yenkcazo nganye iqhosha ichazwe ngezantsi. Amaqhosha amathathu ayadingeka. Ukuba une mouse emibini iqhosha, iqhosha 1 ne-3 libuyiselwa. Cinezela i- ALT kunye neqhosha 3 ukulinganisa iqhosha 2.

1

Cinezela le qhosha ukubeka imephu okanye ungayigcini iwijethi yolawulo. Bona icandelo elilandelayo ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga ne-widget yolawulo.

2

Cinezela uze udibane ukuchaza indawo yomfanekiso ukuphakamisa.

3

Cindezela uze udibanise ukhethe kwi-set of display (1) . Eli qhosha liziphatha ngokungafaniyo ukuba umfanekiso oboniswayo ulawulo lwemifanekiso ebonakalayo. Khetha itayili ethile yomlawuli kwaye cinezela le qhosha uze udibanise ukhethe umyalelo ovela kwimenyu ephumayo. Khetha kwizinto zemenyu:

Vula
Okulandelayo
Ngaphambili
Cima
Uhlaziyo

Ukuba ukhetha Vula , umfanekiso omelelwe yileyili iboniswa. Ukubuyela kwisikhokelo somfanekiso obonakalayo, khetha Okulandelayo kwi-widget yolawulo (jonga kwiWowget Widget). Okulandelayo kwaye uhamba phambili kumfanekiso olandelayo okanye wangaphambili ngokulandelanayo. Khetha U kucima ukucima itayile ethile. Ekugqibeleni, khetha Uhlaziyo ukuvumelanisa zonke iileyile zemifanekiso ngemifanekiso yazo. Bona i-montage kunye ne-miff ngolwazi olungakumbi.

WIDGET WEMITHETHO

I-widget yoLwehlu dwelisa inani lee-sub-menus kunye nemiyalelo. Bazi

Ifayile

Vula ...
Okulandelayo
Ngaphambili
Khetha ...
Londoloza ...
Phrinta ...
Susa ...
I-Canvas ...
Uluhlu lweZibonelelo ...
Yeka

Hlela

Hlehlisa
Ukubuyisela
Sika
Khuphela
Namathisela

Jonga

Umlinganiselo wesiqingatha
Ubukhulu bokuqala
Size kabini
Hlaziya ...
Faka isicelo
Hlaziya kwakhona
Buyisela

Guqula

Ulimo
Chop
Umkhumbi
Flip
Jikeleka Ngakwesokudla
Jikela kwi Left
Jikela ...
Shear ...
Roll ...
Trim Edges

Ukuphucula

Hue ...
Ugcino ...
Ukukhanya ...
Gamma ...
Ucofa ...
Ukulahla
Ukulingana
Ukuqhelanisa
Ihla
GRAYscale
Quantize ...

I ziphumo

Despeckle
Emboss
Ukunciphisa isandi
Yongeza Umsindo
Jolisa ...
I-Blur ...
I-Threshold ...
Ukujonga Umda ...
Sasaza ...
Umthunzi ...
Phakamisa ...
Icandelo ...

F / X

I-Solarize ...
I-Swirl ...
Phalaza ...
Wave ...
Ipeyinti yeoli ...
Ilahleko Dweba ...

U mfa nekiso

Chaza ...
Dweba ...
Umbala ...
Matte ...
Udidi ...
Yongeza Umda ...
Yongeza i sikrini ...
Ingxelo ...
Qalisa ...
Ummandla Wenzalo ...

Miscellany

Ulwazi lwe Sithombe
Sondeza umfanekiso
Bonisa kuqala ...
Bonisa i-Histogram
Bonisa iMatte
Imvelaphi ...
Umbukiso weSilayidi
Okuthandayo ...

Nceda

Sibanzi
Phequlula uxwebhu
Ngokubonisa

Izinto zeMenyu kunye nenxantathu eneentendelezo ezineemenyu ephantsi. Bamelelwe ngasentla njengezinto ezingenanto. Ukufikelela kwimpahla engaphantsi kwemenyu, thumela umbonisi kwimenyu efanelekileyo kwaye cinezela iqhosha 1 uze udibe. Xa ufumana into efunwayo yendawo yangaphantsi, ukhulule iqhosha kwaye umyalelo uyenziwa. Hambisa umbonisi kude kwimenyu-subenu xa unquma ukungafezekisi umyalelo othile.

I-ACCELERATORS ZEBHAYIBHELI

I-Accelerators enye okanye ezimbini zokushicilela eziphambili ezenza umyalelo othile. Izihambeli zebhobhodi ezibonisa ukuba yiyo:

Ctl + O Cinezela ukulayisha umfanekiso ukusuka kwifayile.
isikhala Cindezela ukubonisa umfanekiso olandelayo.

Ukuba umfanekiso ungumqulu ophakanyisiweyo onjengephepha lePostScript , ungasenqa phambi kwamaphepha amaninzi ngokuphambi kwalo myalelo ngenani. Umzekelo ukubonisa iphepha lesine ngaphaya kwekhasi langoku, cofa u-4space.

backspace Cinezela ukubonisa umfanekiso wangaphambili.

Ukuba umfanekiso ungumqulu onamaphepha amaninzi afana ne- PostScript idokhumenti, unganqumla emva kwamaphepha amaninzi ngokuphambi kwalo myalelo ngenani. Umzekelo ukubonisa iphepha lesine eliphambi kwekhasi langoku, cofa u-4n.

Ctl-S Cindezela ukugcina umfanekiso kwifayile.
Ctl-P Cindezela ukushicilela umfanekiso kwi
Umshicileli we PostScript .
Ctl-D Cinezela ukususa ifayile yesithombe.
Ctl-N Cinezela ukudala umgca ongenanto.
Ctl-Q Cindezela ukulahla yonke imifanekiso kunye neprogram yokuphuma.
Ctl + Z Cindezela ukulungisa utshintsho lomfanekiso wokugqibela.
Ctl + R Cindezela ukubuyisela kwakhona utshintsho lomfanekiso wokugqibela.
Ctl-X Cinezela ukunciphisa ummandla
umfanekiso.
Ctl-C Cinezela ukukopisha ummandla
umfanekiso.
Ctl-V Cinezela ukuba unamathisele ummandla
umfanekiso.
& lt; Cinezela ukunciphisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso.
. Cinezela ukubuyela kwisayizi yesithombe sokuqala.
> Cindezela ukuphindwa kabini ubukhulu bomfanekiso.
% Cinezela ukuba ushintshe umfanekiso ukuya kububanzi nokuphakama
ucacise.
Cmd-A Cinezela ukwenza nayiphi na iinguqu zenguqu.
Ngokungagqibekanga, naluphi na utshintsho lwesayizi
isetyenziswe kumfanekiso woqobo ukudala umfanekiso
iboniswe kwiseva ye-X.

Nangona kunjalo, i
ukuguqulwa akusiyo isigxina (oko kukuthi eyonaqobo
umfanekiso awuguquli usayizi kuphela i-X umfanekiso).
Umzekelo, ukuba ucinezela ">" i-X umfanekiso iya
kubonakala ukuba kabini ngobukhulu, kodwa umfanekiso oqobo
ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuhlala isilingana esifanayo. Ukunyanzela
umfanekiso wokuqala ukuphinda kabini ngobukhulu, cinezela ">" ilandelwe
"Cmd-A".
@ Cindezela ukuvuselela ifowuni yesithombe.
C Cinezela ukutsala umfanekiso.
[Cinezela ukucima umfanekiso.
H Cindezela ukuphonsa umfanekiso kwisalathisi esinqamlekileyo.
Cinezela ukufakela umfanekiso kwisalathisi.
/ Cinezela ukujikeleza umzobo wee-90 degrees.
\ Cindezela ukujikeleza umfanekiso wee-90 degrees
ngokukhawuleza.
* Cinezela ukujikeleza umfanekiso
inani leedridi ozichazayo.
S Cinga ukukrazula umfanekiso umfanekiso weenombolo
ucacise.
R Cindezela ukuqalisa umfanekiso.

T Cindezela ukunciphisa imida yomfanekiso.
Shft-H Cindezela ukushintsha umbala webala.
Shft-S Cinezela ukutshintsha umgca wokubala.
Shft-L Cindezela ukutshintsha ukukhanya kobuso.
Shft-G Cindezela u-gamma ulungele umfanekiso.
Shft-C Cinezela ukucofa umfanekiso ohlukileyo.
Shft-Z Cindezela ukunciphisa umfanekiso ohlukileyo.
= Cinezela ukwenza i-histogram equalization kwi
umfanekiso.
Shft-N Cinezela ukwenza i-histogram yokumisa kwi
umfanekiso.
Shft- ~ Cinezela ukuba ungayinaki imibala yomfanekiso.
. Cinezela ukuguqula imibala yemifanekiso ukuya kwi-gray.
Shft- # Cinezela ukuseta inani eliphezulu elilodwa
imibala emfanekisweni.
F2 Cinezela ukunciphisa ama-speckles kumfanekiso.
F2 Cinezela ukufaka imboss umfanekiso.
F4 Cinezela ukucima ingxolo engumfanekiso.
F5 Cinezela ukuongeza isandi kumfanekiso.
F6 Cinezela ukuloba umfanekiso.
F7 Cinezela ukudibanisa umfanekiso umfanekiso.
F8 Cindezela ukuvala umzobo.

F9 Cinezela ukufumana imiphetho ngaphakathi komfanekiso.
F10 Cindezela ukukhipha iipikseli ngexabiso elingahleliyo.
F11 Cindezela ukuthungca umfanekiso usebenzisa ukukhanya okukude
umthombo.
F12 Cinezela ukucima okanye imimiselo ye-darken yokudala
umphumo we-3-D.
F13 Cinezela ukwenza isahluko ngombala.
I-Meta-S Cinezela ukuhambisa ii-pixels zesikhombiso malunga neziko.
I-Meta-Ndiya kucelwa ukuba ndifake iipekseli zemifanekiso ngeziko.
I-Meta-W Cindezela ukuguqula umfanekiso kunye ne-wave sine.
I-Meta-P Cindezela ukufanisa ukudweba kweoli.
I-Meta-C Cindezela ukulingisa umzobo womlilo.
I-Alt-X Cindezela ukudibanisa umfanekiso
nomnye.
I-Alt-A Cindezela ukuchaza umfanekiso ngokubhaliweyo.
Alt-D Cindezela ukudweba umgca kumfanekiso.
Alt-P Cindezela ukuhlela umbala wepikelel yomfanekiso.
Alt-M Cindezela ukuhlela ulwazi lwe-matte yesithombe.
I-Alt-X Cindezela ukudibanisa umfanekiso nomnye.
Alt-A Cinezela ukufaka umda kumfanekiso.
I-Alt-F Inkcazo yokongeza isakhelo sesakhiwo kumfanekiso.

Alt-Shft-! Cinezela ukwengeza impendulo yomfanekiso.
Ctl-A Cindezela ukusebenzisa iindlela zokucwangcisa umfanekiso kwi
ummandla onomdla.
Shft-? Cinezela ukubonisa ulwazi malunga nomfanekiso.
Shft- + Cinezela ukujonga imephu yefowuni yesondlo.
Shft-P Cindezela ukujonga ukuphuculwa komfanekiso, umphumo,
okanye f / x.
F1 Cinezela ukubonisa ulwazi oluncedo malunga
"umboniso" usetyenziso.
Fumana i-Press ukuze upheqa amaxwebhu malunga ne-ImageMagick.
1-9 Cinezela ukutshintsha izinga lokukhulisa.

Sebenzisa izitshixo zokutsala ukuhambisa umfanekiso omnye upiweyo, phantsi, ngakwesobunxele, okanye ngakwesokudla ngaphakathi kwindowenu. Qinisekisa ukuba imephu yokuqala ukuphakamisa iwindi ngokucindezela iqhosha 2.

Cindezela i-ALT kunye nenye yezitshixo zokucoca ukucima ipakseli enye ukusuka nasiphi na icala lomfanekiso.

X IINKCUKACHA

Izinketho zokubonisa zingabonakala kumgca womyalelo okanye kwifayile yakho yovimba X. Okukhethwa kukho kumgca wolawulo kumgca wexabiso elichazwe kwifayile yakho ye-X. Jonga X (1) ngolwazi olungakumbi kwi-X izibonelelo.

Uninzi lweziboniso zokubonisa ziqulethe i-X efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ukubonakalisa kusetyenziswa ezi zilandelayo zixhobo X:

imvelaphi ( imvelaphi yeklasi)

Icacisa umbala okhethiweyo ongayisebenzisa kwimvelaphi yangasemva. Okungagqibekanga ngu-#ccc.

Umda weColor (iklasi yeBorderColor)

Icacisa umbala okhethiweyo ongayisebenzisa kumda we window. Okungagqibekanga ngu-#ccc.

umdaWidth (iklasi BorderWidth)

Icacisa ububanzi kwiiphikseli zomda wefestile. Ukungagqibekanga ngu-2.

khangelaCommand (i-class browseCommand)

Icacisa igama lomkhangeli okhethiweyo xa ubonisa imibhalo ye-ImageMagick. Okungagqibekanga yi-netscape% s.

Qinisekisa uExit (iklasi ConfirmExit)

Bonisa ukukhupha ibhokisi yencoko yababini ukuze uqinisekise ukuphuma kwenkqubo xa uphuma kwinkqubo. Hlela lo mthombo kwiNkohliso ukuphuma ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa.

bonisa iGamma (iklasi ye-DisplayGamma)

Icacisa i-gamma ye-X iseva. Unako ukusebenzisa ixabiso le-gamma ezihlukeneyo kumashanela obomvu, aluhlaza kunye nolubhakabhaka womfanekiso ngoluhlu lwentengo ye-gamma echazwe ngamanqabileyo (okt 1.7 / 2.3 / 1.2). Ukungagqibekanga ngu-2.2.

Ukuboniswa (iiklasi zokubonisa iWarnings)

Bonisa ibhokisi yencoko ibhokisi yencoko xa kukho umyalezo wesilumkiso. Misela lo mthombo kwiNkohliso ukungawuthobeli imiyalezo yokulumkisa.

(i-class FontList)

Icacisa igama lefonti ekhethiweyo ukuba isetyenziswe kwisicatshulwa esifanelekileyo. I-default is 14 point Helvetica.

ifonti [1-9] (iklasi yePolisi [1-9])

Icacisa igama lefonti ekhethiweyo ukuyisebenzisa xa usichaza ifowuni yesithombe ngokubhala. Iifolda ezingagqibekanga zitshintshile, zitshintsha, 5x8, 6x10, 7x13bold, 8x13bold, 9x15bold, 10x20, kunye ne-12x24.

phambili (iklasi ngaphambili)

Icacisa umbala okhethiweyo ukuba usebenzise itekisi ngaphakathi kwifestile lefayile. Okungagqibekanga kumnyama.

i-gammaIyayilungisa (i-class gammaIyiyo)

Olu butyebi, ukuba luyinyaniso, luya kukhanyisa okanye kumnyama umfanekiso wegama eyaziwayo ukufanisa i-gamma yomboniso (jonga ukubonisa imithomboGamma). Okungagqibekanga kuyinyaniso.

iJometri (iklasi yeJometri )

Icacisa ubungakanani obukhethiweyo kunye nesimo sefestile yesithombe. Akufanelekile ukuthotyelwa ngabaphathi bonke beefestile.

Iimpazamo, ukuba zikhona, zisingathwa kwi- X (1) isitayela. I-offset engalunganga ibalwa ukusuka kumgca ongakwesokudla kwesikrini ukuya kwicala elifanelekileyo le icon, kwaye i-offset engalunganga ibalwa ukusuka kumgca ongaphantsi kwesikrini ukuya kumda wangaphantsi we icon.

iconGeometry (iklasi IconGeometry)

Icacisa ubungakanani obukhethiweyo kunye nesithuba salo sicelo xa ikhonkisiwe. Akufanelekile ukuthotyelwa ngabaphathi bonke beefestile.

Iimpazamo, ukuba zikhona, zisingathwa ngendlela efanayo nakwiklasi yeJometri.

iconic (Icon icons)

Olu butyebi lubonisa ukuba unqwenela ukuba iifestile zesicelo ekuqaleni azibonakali ngathi iifestile zaye zabonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza nguwe. Abaphathi befowuni bangakhetha ukungahloneli isicelo sesicelo.

ukuphakamisa (iklasi yokumisela)

icacisa into ebalulekileyo apho umfanekiso kufuneka ukwandiswe khona. Okungagqibekanga ngu-3. Le xabiso lichaphazela kuphela i-magnification window efunyenwe ngeqhosha lenombolo 3 emva kokuba umfanekiso uboniswe.

matteColor (iklasi MatteColor)

Cacisa umbala weefestile. Isetyenziswa kwimvelaphi yeefestile, amamenyu kunye nezaziso. Umphumo we-3D ufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa imibala ecacileyo kunye nemifanekiso yezethunzi ephuma kulo mbala. Ixabiso elilinganayo: # 697B8F.

igama (iklasi igama)

Olu butyebi lubonisa igama phantsi kwezixhobo ezifunyenweyo ezifunyenweyo. Olu luncedo luncedo kwiindawo zokuhlalisa iiglobethi ukuhlula phakathi kokucela isicelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukudibanisa ukuguqula igama elifezekayo lefayili. Okungagqibekanga yigama lesicelo.

ipeni [1-9] (iklasi yePen [1-9])

Icacisa umbala wefonti ekhethiweyo ukuba uyisebenzise xa usichaza iwindi yesithombe ngombhalo. Imibala engapheliyo ibomnyama, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, i-cyan, igrey, ibomvu, i-magenta, iluphuzi, nomhlophe.

shicilelaCommand (iklasi yePrintCommand)

Lo myalelo uyenziwa xa kukhutshwa i-Print. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngumyalelo wokushicilela i- PostScript kumshicileli wakho. Ixabiso elilinganayo: lp -c -s% i.

wabelweMemory (i-SharedMemory yeklasi)

Olu lwazi lubonisa ukuba umboniso kufuneka uzame ukusebenzisa imemori ekwabelwanayo yeepxmaps. I-ImageMagick kufuneka iqulunqwe ngenkxaso yokwabelana ngememori, kwaye isibonakaliso kufuneka sisekele isongezelelo seMIT-SHM. Ngaphandle koko, lo mthombo unganakwa. Okungagqibekanga kuyinyaniso.

UmbhaloFont (iteksi yombhaloFont)

Icacisa igama lefonti ekhethiweyo ukusetyenziswa kwisicatshulwa esicacileyo (style style). Ukungagqibekanga ngu-14 kwikota yeposi.

isihloko (Isihloko sesifundo)

Olu lwazi lucacisa isihloko esetyenziswe kwifestile lefestile. Ngamanye amaxesha olu lwazi lusetyenziswa ngumphathi wefestile ukubonelela i-header ebonisa iwindi. Okungagqibekanga yigama lefayile yefayile.

Yenza okungaqhelekanga (iklasi HlehlisaCache)

Icacisa, kwi-mega-bytes, inani lememori kwi-cache yokulungisa i-cache. Njalo xa uguqula umfanekiso ugcinwa kwi-cache yokuhlela i-cache ngokukhawuleza ukuba imemori ikhona. Unokwenza emva koko utshintshe enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi nguqulelo. I-default yi-16 Megabytes.

benzisa iPixmap (iClass UsePixmap)

Imifanekiso igcinwa njenge-XImage ngokungagqibekanga. Hlela olu butyebi kwiNyaniso ukusebenzisa iseva yePixmap endaweni yoko. Olu khetho luncedo xa umfanekiso wakho udlula ubukhulu besikrini sakho se-server kwaye uceba ukwenza umzobo. I-Panning ihamba ngokukhawuleza nePixmaps kune-XImage. Iipixmaps zibhekwa njengezinto ezixabisekileyo, zisetyenziswe ngokuqonda.

Ukusetha iJometri ye-Magnify okanye iPan okanye iwindow, sebenzisa umthombo we-geometry. Umzekelo, ukusetha i-window ye-Pan yejometri kwi-256x256, sebenzisa:

bonisa.pan.geometry: 256x256

IMAGE LOADING

Ukukhetha umfanekiso ozoboniswa, khetha i- Open ye- File sub-menu kwi-widget yolawulo. Umshicileli wefayile uboniswa. Ukukhetha ifayile ethile yomfanekiso, faka isilathisi kwigama lomgca uze ucinezele nayiphi na iqhosha. Igama lefayile likopishwa kwifestile yombhalo. Emva koko, cindezela Vula okanye cindezela ikhiye ye- RETURN . Ngapha koko, ungayifaka igama lefayile yefayile ngqo kwifayile yombhalo. Ukuhla kweenkcukacha, khetha igama lolawulo kwaye cinezela iqhosha ngokukhawuleza kabini. I-scrollbar ivumela uluhlu olukhulu lwamagama okufowunelwa ukuba luhanjiswe kwindawo yokubukela ukuba lidlula ubungakanani bendawo yoluhlu.

Unokwenza uhlalutye uluhlu lwamagama wefayile ngokusebenzisa abalinganiswa be-shell shellbbing. Umzekelo, thayipha * .jpg ukuluhlu kuphela iifayile eziphela nge .jpg.

Ukukhetha umfanekiso wakho kwiskrini se-server se-X endaweni yefayili, khetha i- grab ye-widget evuliwe .

ISICWANGCISO SOMLAWULI ICANDELO

Ukwakha I-Image View Directory, khetha i-Visual Directory ye-Imenyu yangaphantsi yefayile kwi-widget yolawulo. Umshicileli wefayile uboniswa. Ukwenza iReal Image Image evela kuyo yonke imifanekiso kwi-directory yangoku, cinezela uWindows okanye cindezela ikhiye ye-RETURN . Ngenye indlela, ungakhetha amagama asethiweyo ngomfanekiso usebenzisa abalinganiswa beglobbing. Umzekelo, thayipha * .jpg ukufaka kuphela iifayile eziphela nge .jpg. Ukuhla kweenkcukacha, khetha igama lolawulo kwaye cinezela iqhosha ngokukhawuleza kabini. I-scrollbar ivumela uluhlu olukhulu lwamagama okufowunelwa ukuba luhanjiswe kwindawo yokubukela ukuba lidlula ubungakanani bendawo yoluhlu.

Emva kokuba ukhethe isethi yeefayile, ziguqulwa zibe izithonjana kwaye zikhontshelwe kumfanekiso omnye. Ngoku uhambisa isikhombisi kwisithonjana esithile kwaye cinezela iqhosha 3 uze udibe. Ekugqibeleni, khetha Vula. Umfanekiso omelelwe i-thumbnail uboniswa ngobukhulu bawo obupheleleyo. Khetha Okulandelayo kwi-Imenyu yangaphantsi yefayile ye-widget yolawulo ukubuyela kwiNcwadi yoLwazi lweZithombe.

IMAGE UKUQALA

Qaphela ukuba ukusika ulwazi malunga nefestile lefestile alugcinwa kwiimpawu zeseva ze-X ezimhlophe (umz. StaticColor , StaticColor , GRAYScale , PseudoColor ). Ukuchonga ukuziphatha kunokufuna i- TrueColor okanye i- DirectColor ebonwayo okanye i- Standard Colormap .

Ukuqala, cindezela khetha u- Cut we- Hlela kwimenyu-mveliso kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela iF3 kwifestile yesithombe.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Uyakwimeko yokunquma. Kwindlela yokunquma, i-widget yolawulo inaloo khetho:

Nceda
Cima

Ukuze uchaze ummandla osiweyo, cinezela iqhosha 1 uze udibe. Ummandla oqingqiweyo uchazwa ngumxube ogqityiweyo owandisa okanye iikontraka njengoko kulandela isalathisi. Xa unelisekile ngommandla oqingqiweyo, khupha iqhosha. Ngoku ulungise imodi. Kwimodi yokulungisa, i-widget yolawulo inokhetho:

Sika
Nceda
Cima

Unokwenza uhlengahlengiso ngokuhambisa isalathisi kwelinye lamacangca omnqumlekileyo, ucinezela iqhosha, kwaye udibe. Ekugqibeleni, cindezela Sika ukwenza ikopi yakho kwingingqi. Ukuphuma ngaphandle kokusika umfanekiso, cima ukuCima.

COPYING IMAGE

Ukuqala, cofa ukhethe Kopisha we- Hlela sub-menu kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela iF4 kwifestile lefayile.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku umoya yekopi. Kwimo yekopi, i-widget yolawulo inokukhetha:

Nceda
Cima

Ukuze uchaze ummandla wekopi, cofa iqhosha 1 uze udibe. Ummandla wekopi uchazwa ngumxube ogqityiweyo owandisa okanye iikontraka njengoko kulandela umboniso. Xa unelisekile kwingingqi yekopi, khupha iqhosha. Ngoku ulungise imodi. Kwimodi yokulungisa, i-widget yolawulo inokhetho:

Khuphela
Nceda
Cima

Unokwenza uhlengahlengiso ngokuhambisa isalathisi kwenye yekhophi yechungechunge lembombo, ucinezela iqhosha, kwaye udibanise. Ekugqibeleni, cindezela Kopisha ukuze wenze ikhophi yakho kwingingqi. Ukuphuma ngaphandle kokukopisha umfanekiso, cima ukuCima.

UKUPHILA KWESIGABA

Ukuqala, cindezela khetha Uqoqo lwe- Hluhlu lwemenyu kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela iF5 kwifestile yesithombe.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku udibanisa imodi. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima. Kwimodi yokunamathisela, i-widget yolawulo inokukhetha:

Ba sebenzi

ngaphaya
ngaphakathi
ngaphandle
kukhwela
xor
kunye
nciphisa
yongeza
shenxisa
umahluko
phinda
bumpmap
ithatha indawo

Nceda
Cima

Khetha usebenziso oluhlanganisiweyo ukusuka kwimenyu engaphantsi kwemisebenzi ye-widget yolawulo. Indlela umqhubi ngamnye oziphatha ngayo ichazwe ngezantsi. ifowuni yesithombe ngumfanekiso okwangoku uboniswe kwi-server yakho ye-X kunye nomfanekiso ngumfanekiso ofunyenwe kwiwijethi ye-File Browser.

ngaphaya

Isiphumo ngumanyano wemifanekiso emibili yomfanekiso, ngomfanekiso ofihla iwindi yesithombe kwingingqi ekhoyo.

ngaphakathi

Isiphumo ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo owenziwe ngumfanekiso weskrini . Akukho nanye kwimifanekiso yedatha yeskrini ifumanekile.

ngaphandle

Umphumo obangelwa ngumfanekiso kunye nomfanekiso wesitrato esinqunyiwe.

kukhwela

Isiphumo sisimo esifanayo nesifestile window , ngomfanekiso ofihla ifowuni yesithunzi apho imilo ifom. Qaphela oku kuhluke ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba isahlulo somfanekiso ongaphandle kwefestile yesimo asibonakali kwisiphumo.

xor

Isiphumo ngumfanekiso wesithombe ukusuka kumfanekiso wesibini kunye nefestile engaphandle kommandla ogqithisiweyo. Ummandla ogqithisiweyo awunanto.

kunye

Isiphumo sisisisonke somfanekiso wedatha. Ixabiso lesiphumo liyanqanyulwa ukuya ku-255 (akukho kuphuphuma). Olu msebenzi luzimeleyo kumashishini matte.

nciphisa

Isiphumo somfanekiso wesifestile window , kunye ne-underflow ehlile kwi-zero. Umzila wesiganeko ungagcinwa (usethe kwi-255, ukukhutshwa ngokugcwele).

yongeza

Isiphumo somfanekiso wesithombe + kwifestile , ngokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo (nge-mod 256).

shenxisa

Isiphumo somfanekiso wesifestile , kunye ne-underflow wrapping ngeenxa zonke (imodeli 256). Ukongeza kunye nokukhupha abaqhubi bangasetyenziswa ukwenza utshintsho oluguquguqukayo.

umahluko

Isiphumo se-abs ( umfanekiso weskrini ). Oku kunceda ukuthelekisa imifanekiso emibili efanayo.

phinda

Isiphumo somfanekiso * window window . Oku kuncedo ekudalweni kwamathunzi ezantsi.

bumpmap

Umphumo wefestile ifowuni ifakwe ngefestile .

ithatha indawo

Umfanekiso obangelwayo ngumfanekiso wesitrafti otshintshwa ngumfanekiso . Apha lwazi ulwazi lwe-matte alugatywanga.

Umqambi womfanekiso ufuna i-matte, okanye isalathisi se-alpha kwimifanekiso yemisebenzi ethile. Esi sikhulu esongezelelweyo sichaza i-mask emele uhlobo lwe-cookie-cutter yomfanekiso. Yiyo imeko xa i-matte eyi-255 (ukufihla ngokugcwele) kweepikseli ngaphakathi kwimilo, zero ngaphandle, naphakathi kwe-zero kunye ne-255 kumda. Ukuba umfanekiso awunawo umzila we-matte, uqaliswa nge-0 nganye nayiphi na i-pixel efanelanayo nombala kwindawo yokupakisha (0,0), ngaphandle kwalokho 255. Bona ukulungiswa kwemida yendlela yokuchaza isiteji se-matte.

Qaphela ukuba ulwazi lwe-matte lwefestile lefayile alugcinwa kwiimpawu zeseva ze-X ezimhlophe (umz. StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Ukulungiswa kokuziphatha ngokubambisana kunokufuna i- TrueColor okanye i- DirectColor ebonwayo okanye i- Standard Colormap .

Ukukhetha umqeshi wokudibanisa kukukhetha. Umqhubi ongagqibekanga uyathatha indawo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhethe indawo ukudibanisa umfanekiso wakho kwaye cinezela iqhosha 1. Cinezela kwaye ubambe iqhosha ngaphambi kokukhipha kunye nesicaciso somfanekiso siya kuvela kukukunceda uqonde indawo yakho.

Imibala yangempela yomfanekiso ogqityiweyo uyagcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, umbala ovela kwifestile yesithombe unokuhluka. Ngokomzekelo, kwiwindow yefowuni yeskrini ifowuni iya kubonakala ibomnyama okanye imhlophe nangona umfanekiso wakho ogqityiweyo unemibala emininzi. Ukuba umfanekiso ugcinwa kwifayili ibhaliwe ngemibala efanelekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa imibala echanekileyo igcinwa kumfanekiso wokugqibela, nawuphi na umfanekiso wePseudoClass uphakanyiswa kwi- DirectClass . Ukunyanzela umfanekiso wePseudoClass ukuze uhlale u- PseudoClass , usebenzisa i -color .

UKUPHUMA KWESIGABA

Ukuqala, cinezela ukhetha Uhlobo lwe-Submenu yokuguqula ukusuka kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngenye indlela, cinezela [kwifestile lefestile.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku usesimo sezityalo. Kwimodi yesityalo, i-widget yolawulo inokukhetha:

Nceda
Cima

Ukuchaza indawo yokuhluma, cofa iqhosha 1 uze udibe. Indawo yokuhluma ichazwa ngumxube ogqityiweyo owandisa okanye iikontraka njengoko kulandela umboniso. Emva kokuba unelisekile kwisigcawu, ukhulule iqhosha. Ngoku ulungise imodi. Kwimodi yokulungisa, i-widget yolawulo inokhetho:

Ulimo
Nceda
Cima

Unokwenza utshintsho ngokuhambisa isalathisi kwesinye sekhonkton, ucofe iqhosha, kwaye udibe. Ekugqibeleni, cwangcisa utyalo ukuze wenze indawo yakho yokuhluma. Ukuphuma ngaphandle kokufaka umfanekiso, cima ukuCima.

UKUPHATHWA KWEZINTLOKO

Umfanekiso unqunywe phakathi. Akukho mxholo wendima yomyalelo wokucoca umfanekiso. Ukuqala, khetha u- Chop we- Transform yangaphakathi kwimenyu kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngenye indlela, cofa] kwiwindow yeSithombe.

Usukho kwimodi yeChop . Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima . Kwimodi yeChop, i-widget yolawulo inokukhetha:

Isikhokelo

engqalileyo
ecacileyo

Nceda
Cima

Ukuba ukhetha ulawulo olunqamlekileyo (oku kungagqibekanga), indawo yomfanekiso phakathi kweziphelo ezimbini ezingapheliyo zomgca wokucoca isuswa. Ngaphandle koko, indawo yomfanekiso phakathi kweziphelo ezimbini zokugqibela zomgca wokucoca isuswa.

Khetha indawo ngaphakathi kwifestile lefayili ukuze uqale ukucoca, cindezela ubambe nayiphi na iqhosha. Emva koko, thumela isilathisi kwenye indawo kwindawo yomfanekiso. Njengoko uhambisa umgca uya kudibanisa indawo yokuqala kunye ne-pointer. Xa ukhulula iqhosha, ummandla ophantsi komfanekiso ukusika uya kugqitywa yilophi ulathiso olukhethayo kwi-widget yolawulo.

Ukukhansela ukukhwa komfanekiso, tshintsha i-pointer kwakhona kwindawo yokuqala yomgca uze ukhuphe iqhosha.

IMAGE UHLU

Cinezela / ukhiye ukujikeleza umfanekiso wesigidi 90 okanye \ ukujikeleza -90 degrees. Ukukhetha ngokukhawuleza umlinganiselo wokujikeleza, khetha Ushintshe ... we- Transform submenu ukusuka kwi-Widget Command. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela * kwifestile lefayile.

Umgca omncinci ogciniweyo ukhankanywe ngasemva kwesikhombisi. Ngoku ujikeleza kwimodi. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima. Ukujika kwimodi, i-widget yolawulo inokukhetha:

Umbala wePixel

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
Isiphequluli ...

Isikhokelo

engqalileyo
ecacileyo

Ulimo

buxoki
nyaniso

Jolisa

buxoki
nyaniso

Nceda
Cima

Khetha umbala wesiqalo ukusuka kwimenyu engaphantsi kweMbala yePixel. Imibala yangemimiselo eyongezelelweyo ingacaciswa kunye nomkhangeli wesibrawu. Unokutshintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X imithombo ipen1 nge pen9.

Ukuba ukhetha umgcini-mgca uze ucofe i- Grab , ungakhetha umbala wesiqendu ngokuhambisa umboniso kumbala oyifunayo kwisikrini uze ucine iqhosha.

Khetha iphoyinti kwifestile lefayile uze ucinezele le iqhosha uze ubambe. Emva koko, thumela isilathisi kwenye indawo kwindawo yomfanekiso. Njengoko uhambisa umgca udibanisa indawo yokuqala kunye nesilathisi. Xa ukhulula iqhosha, idijithi yokujikeleza umfanekiso imiselwe ngumthamo womgca owuchukumisayo. Umthamo uhambelana nolwalathiso olukhethayo kwi-Imenyu engaphantsi kwemenyu ye-widget yolawulo.

Ukuze ukhansele ukujikelezwa kwesithombe, thumela isilathisi kwakhona kwindawo yokuqala yomgca uze ukhuphe iqhosha.

ISEBE LEGQUBO

Khetha Imiphumo-> Icandelo ukuya kwicandelo lomfanekiso ngokuhlalutya iiptotogram zemibala yebala kunye nokuchonga iiyunithi ezihambelanayo kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zobuchule. Isihlunu se-space-scale sihlalutya i-histogram yezinto ezintathu zombala zomfanekiso kwaye ichonga isethi yeeklasi. Ukugqithiswa kweklasi nganye kusetyenziswa kwicandelo eliqingqiweyo lomfanekiso ngokubambisa. Umbala ochaphazelekayo kwiklasi nganye uzimisele umbala wezo zonke iipekseli ngaphakathi kweeklasi ezithile. Ekugqibeleni, nayiphi na iipekseli ezingenakuncediswa zinikezelwa kwiklasi yokufutshane kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zobuchule. I-fuzzy c-Ithetha i-algorithm inokufingqwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Yakha i-histogram, enye yecandelo ngalinye lombala lomfanekiso.
Ngomnye umxholo wakhe, usebenzise ngokulandelelanisa i-scraft-space filter kunye nokwakha umthi wexesha lokungqubuzana kwinqanaba le-sibini kwisilinganiso ngasinye. Hlaziya le ndawo-sikhala "iminwe yeminwe" ukucacisa ukuba yiziphi iindawo eziphakamileyo okanye iinqonga kwi-histogram.
Iminwe yeminwe ichaza ixesha kwi-axto ye-histogram. Ikhefu ngalinye liqulethe i-minima okanye i-maxima kwisibonakaliso sokuqala. Ukuba nganye inxalenye yombala iphakathi kwexesha eliphezulu, loo pixel ithathwa ngokuba "yahlulwa" kwaye yabelwa inombolo yeklasi ekhethekileyo.
Nayiphina i-pixel ehluleka ukuhlonywa kwipasiti yokubaluleka ingentla ihlelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-Tech-Means technique. Inikwe enye yeeklasi ezifunyenwe kwisigaba sokuhlaziya i-histogram.

I-fuzzy c-Ithetha inzame izama ukuqoqa iipikseli ngokufumana ubuncinane beendawo eziqhelekileyo kwisigqeba seqela lomsebenzi wenjongo yesiphene. I-pixel inikezelwa kwiklasi elisondeleyo apho ubulungu obunobungakanani obunobungakanani obuphezulu.

Ukufumana ulwazi olongezelelweyo funda: I- Young Won Lim, Sang Uk Lee , " Kwi-Color Image Segmentation Algorithm ngokusekelwe kwiThitsholding ne-Fuzzy c-Means Techniques ", UkuQaphela iPateni, uMqulu 23, iNombolo 9, iphepha 935-952, 1990.

UKUPHILA KWENKQUBO

Umfanekiso uchazwa ngokulandelanayo. Ayikho ingxoxo yomgca womyalelo ukuchaza umfanekiso. Ukuqala, khetha i- Annotate ye- Image Edit sub-menu kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cofa kwifestile yesithombe.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku udibanisa indlela. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima. Kwimodi yokuchaza, i-widget yolawulo inaloo khetho:

Igama lohlobo

zi cwangciswe
eziguquguqukayo
5x8
6x10
7x13bold
8x13bold
9x15
10x20
12x24
Isiphequluli ...

Umbala wefonti

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
obala
Isiphequluli ...

Umbala webhokisi

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
obala
Isiphequluli ...

Guqula umbhalo

-90
-45
-30
0
30
45
90
180
Ingxoxo ...

Nceda
Cima

Khetha igama lefonti ukusuka kwimenyu ye- Font Name yangaphantsi. Amagama efonti angeziwe angachazwa kunye nesiphequluli sefonti. Ungatshintsha amagama emenyu ngokubeka i-X imithombo yamagama1 ngefonti9.

Khetha umbala wefonti ukusuka kwimenyu ye- Font Color menu. Imibala yefonti eyongezelelweyo ingacaciswa kunye nomkhangeli wesibhakabhaka. Unokutshintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X imithombo ipen1 nge pen9.

Ukuba ukhetha umgcini-mgca uze ucofe i- Grab , unokukhetha umbala wefonti ngokuhambisa isalathisi kumbala oyifunayo kwiskrini uze ucinezele nayiphi na iqhosha.

Ukuba ukhetha ukujikeleza itekisi, khetha Ushintshe umbhalo kwi menu uze ukhethe i-angle. Ngokuqhelekileyo uzakufuna ukujikeleza omnye umgca wesicatshulwa ngexesha. Ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba elikhethayo, imigqa elandelayo ingaphelela ekugqibeleni.

Ukukhetha umgca kunye nombala wayo ukhetho. Ifayile engagqibekanga icwangcisiwe kwaye umbala ongaguquki umnyama. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhethe indawo ukuze uqale ukungena umbhalo kwaye cinezela iqhosha. Umgca wezantsi unokuvela kwindawo yesikhombisi. Isalathisi sitshintsha kwipenciloni ukubonisa ukuba usemoyeni yombhalo. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima.

Kwimodeli yombhalo, nayiphi na imashishini eyincoko iya kubonisa umgca kwindawo yokugxininisa kunye nokuqhubela phambili isikhombisi esiphakamileyo. Faka isicatshulwa sakho kwaye gcwalisa ifowuni yoqhagamshelwano Faka isicelo sokugqiba isichazo sakho somfanekiso. Ukulungisa izipostile cindezela BACK SPACE . Ukucima umgca wecatshulwa yonke, cala ukuCima . Nasiphi na isicatshulwa esedlula imida yefestile yesithombe ngokuzenzekelayo iyaqhubeka kumgca olandelayo.

Umbala wangempela owucela umgca ulondolozwa kumfanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, umbala ovela kwiwindow yakho yeZithombe unokuhluka. Umzekelo, kwesikrini se-monochrome itekisi iya kubonakala ibumnyama okanye imhlophe nokuba ukhetha umbala obomvu njengombala wefonti. Nangona kunjalo, umfanekiso ugcinwe kwifayili ngoku- kubhaliweyo ibhaliwe ngokubhala okubomvu. Ukuqinisekisa umbhalo ochanekileyo wombala kumfanekiso wokugqibela, nayiphina umfanekiso wePseudoClass uphakanyiswa kwi- DirectClass (bona i-miff (5)). Ukunyanzela umfanekiso wePseudoClass ukuze uhlale u- PseudoClass , usebenzisa i -color .

UKUZIPHILA KWESIGABA

Umzobo womfanekiso udibeneyo phakathi. Ayikho ingxoxo yomgca womyalelo wokudibanisa umfanekiso . Ukuqala, khetha i- Composite ye- Image Edit kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngapha koko, cindezela x kwiwindow yeSithombe.

Okokuqala ifowuni yokupapa ibonisa ukuba ufake igama lomfanekiso. Cindezela Udidi, Gamba okanye uthayiphe igama lefayile. Cinezela ukukhansela ukuba ukhetha ukuba ungenzi umfanekiso odibeneyo. Xa ukhetha u- Grab , tshintsha i-pointer kwiwindow efunwayo kwaye cinezela nayiphi na iqhosha.

Ukuba umfanekiso ongenamagama awunayo nayiphi na imininingwane ye-matte, uyaziswa kwaye umkhangeli wefayile uboniswa kwakhona. Faka igama lomfanekiso wemaski. Umfanekiso ubukhulu becala kunye nobungakanani obufanayo nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Ukuba umfanekiso awuyiyo i-grayscale, iguqulwa ibe yi-grayscale kwaye amandla amphumo asetyenziswa njengolwazi lwe-matte.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku udibaniso lwenkqubo. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima. Ngemodi yokwakha, i-widget yolawulo inaloo khetho:

Ba sebenzi

ngaphaya
ngaphakathi
ngaphandle
kukhwela
xor
kunye
nciphisa
yongeza
shenxisa
umahluko
bumpmap
ithatha indawo

Uluhlu
Hamba
Nceda
Cima

Khetha usebenziso oluhlanganisiweyo ukusuka kwimenyu engaphantsi kwemisebenzi ye-widget yolawulo. Indlela umqhubi ngamnye oziphatha ngayo ichazwe ngezantsi. ifowuni yesithombe ngumfanekiso okwangoku uboniswe kwi-server yakho ye-X kunye nomfanekiso ngumfanekiso ofunyenweyo

ngaphaya

Isiphumo ngumanyano wemifanekiso emibili yomfanekiso, ngomfanekiso ofihla iwindi yesithombe kwingingqi ekhoyo.

ngaphakathi

Isiphumo ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo owenziwe ngumfanekiso weskrini . Akukho nanye kwimifanekiso yedatha yeskrini ifumanekile.

ngaphandle

Umphumo obangelwa ngumfanekiso kunye nomfanekiso wesitrato esinqunyiwe.

kukhwela

Isiphumo sisimo esifanayo nesifestile window , ngomfanekiso ofihla ifowuni yesithunzi apho imilo ifom. Qaphela oku kuhluke ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba isahlulo somfanekiso ongaphandle kwefestile yesimo asibonakali kwisiphumo.

xor

Isiphumo ngumfanekiso wesithombe ukusuka kumfanekiso wesibini kunye nefestile engaphandle kommandla ogqithisiweyo. Ummandla ogqithisiweyo awunanto.

kunye

Isiphumo sisisisonke somfanekiso wedatha. Ixabiso lesiphumo liyanqanyulwa ukuya ku-255 (akukho kuphuphuma). Olu msebenzi luzimeleyo kumashishini matte.

nciphisa

Isiphumo somfanekiso wesifestile window , kunye ne-underflow ehlile kwi-zero. Umzila wesiganeko ungagcinwa (usethe kwi-255, ukukhutshwa ngokugcwele).

yongeza

Isiphumo somfanekiso wesithombe + kwifestile , ngokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo (nge-mod 256).

shenxisa

Isiphumo somfanekiso wesifestile , kunye ne-underflow wrapping ngeenxa zonke (imodeli 256). Ukongeza kunye nokukhupha abaqhubi bangasetyenziswa ukwenza utshintsho oluguquguqukayo.

umahluko

Isiphumo se-abs ( umfanekiso weskrini ). Oku kunceda ukuthelekisa imifanekiso emibili efanayo.

bumpmap

Umphumo wefestile ifowuni ifakwe ngefestile .

ithatha indawo

Umfanekiso obangelwayo ngumfanekiso wesitrafti otshintshwa ngumfanekiso . Apha lwazi ulwazi lwe-matte alugatywanga.

Umqambi womfanekiso ufuna i-matte, okanye isalathisi se-alpha kwimifanekiso yemisebenzi ethile. Esi sikhulu esongezelelweyo sichaza i-mask emele uhlobo lwe-cookie-cutter yomfanekiso. Yiyo imeko xa i-matte eyi-255 (ukufihla ngokugcwele) kweepikseli ngaphakathi kwimilo, zero ngaphandle, naphakathi kwe-zero kunye ne-255 kumda. Ukuba umfanekiso awunawo umzila we-matte, uqaliswa nge-0 nganye nayiphi na i-pixel efanelanayo nombala kwindawo yokupakisha (0,0), ngaphandle kwalokho 255. Bona ukulungiswa kwemida yendlela yokuchaza isiteji se-matte.

Ukuba ukhetha ukudibanisa , umqhubi womhlanganisi uphelile . Ukubonakaliswa kwepesenti yomzila wesiganeko somatshini kuqaliswe ukuba kubandakanyeke. Ifowuni yomfanekiso iqaliswa kwi (100-factor). Kuphi ixabiso lexabiso elichaziweyo kwidijethi yeDialog.

Ungafaki ukutshintsha iipekseli zemifanekiso njengoko kuchazwe imephu yokuhamba. Ngolu khetho, umfanekiso usetyenziswa njengemephu yokuhamba. Umnyama, ngaphakathi kwemephu yokufuduka, yindawo ehamba phambili yokuhamba. I-White iyindawo yokufuduka embi kakhulu kunye ne-grey yangaphakathi ayikho nto. Ukufuduka kwendawo kufakwe ukucacisa ukutshintsha kwepikseli. Ngokungagqibekanga, ukufuduka kwendawo kusebenza kuzo zombini izikhombisi ezingqambileyo kunye nezicatshulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ucacisa imaski , umfanekiso uhamba nge-X ehambayo kwaye ufihla ukuhamba kwi-Y.

Qaphela ukuba ulwazi lwe-matte lwefestile lefayile alugcinwa kwiimpawu zeseva ze-X ezimhlophe (umz. StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Ukulungiswa kokuziphatha ngokubambisana kunokufuna i- TrueColor okanye i- DirectColor ebonwayo okanye i- Standard Colormap .

Ukukhetha umqeshi wokudibanisa kukukhetha. Umqhubi ongagqibekanga uyathatha indawo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukhethe indawo ukudibanisa umfanekiso wakho kwaye cinezela iqhosha 1. Cinezela kwaye ubambe iqhosha ngaphambi kokukhipha kunye nesicaciso somfanekiso siya kuvela kukukunceda uqonde indawo yakho.

Imibala yangempela yomfanekiso wemihlaba igcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, umbala ovela kwifestile yesithombe unokuhluka. Umzekelo, kwi-screen ye-monochrome Ifowuni yesithombe iya kubonakala ibomnyama okanye imhlophe nangona umfanekiso wakho oqingqiweyo unemibala emininzi. Ukuba umfanekiso ugcinwa kwifayili ibhaliwe ngemibala efanelekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa imibala echanekileyo igcinwa kumfanekiso wokugqibela, nayiphina umfanekiso wePseudoClass uphakanyiswa kwi- DirectClass (bona i-miff). Ukunyanzela umfanekiso wePseudoClass ukuze uhlale u- PseudoClass , usebenzisa i -color .

UKUBHALA KWEKHUBA

Ukutshintsha umbala weetekseli zenziwa ngokulandelanayo. Ayikho ingxoxo yomgca womyalelo wokuhlela i-pixel. Ukuqala, khetha Umbala kwi- Image Edit submenu ye-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela c kwifestile yesithombe.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku umoya wokuhlela umbala. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima . Kwimodi yokuhlela umbala, iwijethi yolawulo inokukhetha :

Indlela

ngongoma
ithatha indawo
zikhukhula
kwakhona

Umbala wePixel

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
Isiphequluli ...

Umbala weMida

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
Isiphequluli ...

Fuzz

0
2
4
8
16
Ingxoxo ...

Hlehlisa
Nceda
Cima

Khetha indlela yokuhlela umbala ukusuka kwi- Intetho yangaphantsi kwimenyu ye-widget yolawulo. Indlela yokuqwalasela i-pixel ekhethwe ngesikhombisi ngaphandle kokuba iqhosha likhishwe. Indlela yokubuyisela i- pixel efana nombala wepikelli owukhethayo ngefowuni. I-Floodfill ikhumbuza nayiphina i-pixel efana nombala wepikelli oyikhethayo ngeenkinobho zokushiya kunye nommelwane. Nangona i- filltoborder ishintsha ixabiso le-matte yiphina i-pixel yommelwane ongeyena umda womda. Ekugqibeleni ubuyekeze utshintsho umzobo wonke kumbala otyunjweyo.

Emva koko, khetha umbala wepikseli ukusuka kwimenyu yangaphantsi yeMenyu yePixel . Iimpawu zee-pixel ezongezelelweyo zingachazwa kunye nesiphequluli sombala. Unokutshintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X imithombo ipen1 nge pen9.

Ngoku cinezela iqhosha 1 ukukhetha iipikseli ngaphakathi kwifestile leZithombe ukutshintsha umbala wayo. Iipekseli ezongeziweyo zingahle zilandiswe njengoko kuchazwe yindlela oyisebenzisayo. iipekseli ezongezelelweyo ngokunyusa ixabiso leDelta.

Ukuba i- widget ye-Magnify ifakwe imephu, inokuba luncedo ekumisekeni kwesikhombiso sakho kwisithombe (khangela kwibinki 2). Ngenye indlela unokhetha i-pixel ukukhumbula kwakhona kwi- widget ye-Magnify . Hambisa i-pointer kwi- widget ye-Magnify kwaye umise i-pixel eneenkcukacha zokulawula ikhesa. Ekugqibeleni, cinezela iqhosha ukukhumbula kwakhona iipikseli ezikhethiweyo (okanye iipekseli).

Umbala wangempela ucela ukuba iipekseli zilondolozwe kumfanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, umbala ovela kwiwindow yakho yeZithombe unokuhluka. Umzekelo, kwesikrini se-monochrome i-pixel iya kuvela emnyama okanye emhlophe nokuba ukhetha umbala obomvu njengoko umbala wepikseli. Nangona kunjalo, umfanekiso ogcinwe kwifayili ngoku-kubhaliweyo ibhaliwe ngamaphikseli obomvu. Ukuqinisekisa umyalezo ochanekileyo wombala kumfanekiso wokugqibela, nayiphina umfanekiso wePseudoClass ukhuthazwa ku- DirectClass Ukunyanzela umfanekiso we- PseudoClass ukuhlala u- PseudoClass , ukusebenzisa i -color .

UKUHLAWULWA KWEMATHA

Ulwazi lwe Matte ngaphakathi komfanekiso luncedo kwimisebenzi ethile efana nokwakhiwa komfanekiso. Esi sikhulu esongezelelweyo sichaza i-mask emele uhlobo lwe-cookie-cutter yomfanekiso. Yiyo imeko xa i-matte eyi-255 (ukufihla ngokugcwele) kweepikseli ngaphakathi kwimilo, zero ngaphandle, naphakathi kwe-zero kunye ne-255 kumda.

Ukusekwa kolwazi lwe-matte kumfanekiso lwenziwe ngentshukumo. Ayikho ingxoxo yomgca womyalelo wokuhlela i-pixel. Ukuqala, kwaye ukhethe iMat ye- Image Edit sub-menu ukusuka kwi-widget yolawulo.

Ngaphandle koko, cindezela m kwimfestile yesithombe.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Usuhlu lwemodi yokuhlela. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima. Kwimodi yokuhlela yamatte, i-widget yolawulo inaloo khetho:

Indlela

ngongoma
ithatha indawo
zikhukhula
kwakhona

Umbala weMida

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
Isiphequluli ...

Fuzz

0
2
4
8
16
Ingxoxo ...

Matte
Hlehlisa
Nceda
Cima

Khetha indlela yokuhlela yamatta ukusuka kwiMenyu ephantsi kwemenyu ye-widget yolawulo. Indlela yokutshintsha ixabiso le-matte yiphina ipixel ekhethwe ngesikhombisi de ikhutshwe iqhosha. Indlela yokutshintsha indawo ithintsha ixabiso le-matte yiphina ipixel efana nombala wepikelli oyikhethayo ngeenkinobho zeenkinobho. Ukukhukhula kwamanzi kukutshintsha ixabiso le-matte yiphina ipixel ehambelana nombala wepikelli oyikhethayo ngeenkinobho zeenkinobho kwaye ungummelwane. Nangona i- filltoborder ikhumbuza nayiphina ipixel yommelwane ongeyena umda womda. Ekugqibeleni ubuyekeze utshintsho umzobo wonke kumlinganiselo we-matte otyunjweyo. Khetha Ixabiso leMatriki kunye nencoko yababini ibonakala icela ixabiso le-matte. Faka inani phakathi kuka- 0 no-255 . Eli xabiso linikezelwe njengexabiso le-matte ye-pixel ekhethiweyo okanye iipekseli. Ngoku, cinezela nayiphi na iqhosha ukuba ukhethe i-pixel ngaphakathi kwefestile leZithombe ukuguqula inani lalo matte. Unokutshintsha inani le-matte leepekseli ezongezelelweyo ngokunyusa ixabiso le-Delta. Ixabiso le-Delta longezwa kuqala kwaye lisuswe kwibala elibomvu, eliluhlaza, nelulusu lombala ojoliswe kuwo.

Naziphi na iipekseli ngaphakathi kwoluhlu nazo zihlaziywe ixabiso lamatte. Ukuba i- widget ye-Magnify ifakwe imephu, inokuba luncedo ekumisekeni kwesikhombiso sakho kwisithombe (khangela kwibinki 2). Ngenye indlela unokhetha i-pixel ukutshintsha inani le-matte ukusuka kwi- widget Magget . Hambisa i-pointer kwi- widget ye-Magnify kwaye umise i-pixel eneenkcukacha zokulawula ikhesa. Ekugqibeleni, cinezela iqhosha ukutshintsha ixabiso le-matte ye-pixel ekhethiweyo (okanye iipikseli). Ulwazi lweMatte lusebenza kuphela kumfanekiso we- DirectClass . Ngoko ke, nayiphina umfanekiso wePseudoClass uphakanyiswa ku- DirectClass . Qaphela ukuba ulwazi lwe-matte lwe- PseudoClass alugcinwa kwiimpawu zeseva ze-X ezimiselwe umbala (umz. StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ) ngaphandle kokuba ugcine umfanekiso wakho kwifayile (jonga ku-Bhala). Ukulungelelaniswa kokuziphatha komatshini kungafuna i- TrueColor okanye i- DirectColor ebonakalayo okanye i- Standard Colormap .

IMAGE UKWENZA

Umfanekiso uthathelwa phakathi. Akukho mxholo wendima yomyalelo ukudweba kumfanekiso . Ukuqala, khetha iDraw ye-Image Edit sub-menu kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cindezela d kwifestile yesithombe.

Isalathisi sitshintshela kwi-crosshair ukubonisa ukuba usemodi yokudweba. Ukuze uphume ngokukhawuleza, cinezela ukuCima. Kwimodi yokudweba, i-widget yolawulo inokhetho:

Eyokuqala

ngongoma
umgca
ngxande
uzalise umxube
isangqa
zalise isangqa
ellipse
uzalise i-ellipse
i polygon
gcwalisa i polygon

Umbala

mnyama
luhlaza
i-cyan
luhlaza
ngwevu
bomvu
magenta
lubhelu
mhlophe
obala
Isiphequluli ...

I-Stipple

Brick
Diagonal
Isikali
Eyona nto
Wavy
Translucent
Opaque
Vula ...

Ububanzi

1
2
4
8
16
Ingxoxo ...

Hlehlisa
Nceda
Cima

Khetha umzobo wokuqala kwimenyu yangaphantsi.

Emva koko, khetha umbala ukusuka kwimenyu engaphantsi kwemibala. Imibala eyongezelelweyo ingacaciswa kunye nomkhangeli wesibhakabhaka. Unokutshintsha imibala yemenyu ngokubeka i-X imithombo ipen1 nge pen9. Umbala obala uhlaziya umzila wesiganeko se-matte kwaye uncedo kumboniso womfanekiso.

Ukuba ukhetha umgcini-mgca uze ucofe i- Grab , unokukhetha umbala oza kuqala ngokuhambisa umboniso kumbala oyifunayo kwiskrini uze ucinezele nayiphi na iqhosha. Umbala obala uhlaziya umzila wesiganeko se-matte kwaye uncedo kumboniso womfanekiso.

Khetha umququ, xa kufanelekile, ukusuka kwimenyu engaphantsi kwe- Stipple . Ukongezwa okungeziwe kunokucaciswa kunye nomkhangeli wefayile. Ama-Stipples atholakala kwifayile yefayile kufuneka abe kwi disk kwifomathi ye-bitmap ye-X11.

Khetha ububanzi bomgca, ukuba kufanelekile, ukusuka kwimenyu engaphantsi kwemenyu. Ukukhetha ububanzi obuthile khetha idijethi yeDialog .

Khetha iphoyinti kwifestile yesithombe uze ucinezele iqhosha 1 kwaye ubambe. Emva koko, thumela isilathisi kwenye indawo kwindawo yomfanekiso. Njengoko uhamba, umgca udibanisa indawo yokuqala kunye nesikhombisi. Xa ukhulula iqhosha, umfanekiso uhlaziywa nge-primitive oyifumene. Iipolgoni, umfanekiso uhlaziywa xa ucinezela ukhulule iqhosha ngaphandle kokuhambisa isalathisi.

Ukucima umzobo wesithombe, thumela isalathisi kwisigaba sokuqala somgca uze ukhuphe iqhosha.

UMTHETHO WENTSHONA

Ukuqala, cofa ukhetho kwiNgingqi yeNzala ye-Pixel Transform menu ukusuka kwi-widget yolawulo. Ngaphandle koko, cinezela R kwimfestile yesithombe.

Iwindow encinane ibonakala ibonisa indawo yesikhombisi kwifestile yesithombe. Ngoku ungowommandla wesimo somdla. Kwimimandla yomdla, umyalelo we-widget unokukhetha:

Nceda
Cima

Ukuchaza indawo yomdla, cinezela iqhosha 1 uze udibe. Ummandla wemdla uchazwa ngumxube ogqityiweyo owandisa okanye iikontraka njengoko kulandela umboniso. Xa unelisekile ngommandla womdla, khupha iqhosha. Ngoku usebenzisa ifowuni yokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa ifowuni i-widget yolawulo inokhetho:

Ifayile

Londoloza ...
Phrinta ...

Hlela

Hlehlisa
Ukubuyisela

Guqula

Flip
Umkhumbi
Jikeleka Ngakwesokudla
Jikela kwi Left

Ukuphucula

Hue ...
Ugcino ...
Ukukhanya ...
Gamma ...
I-Spiff
Ukulahla
Ukulingana
Ukuqhelanisa
Ihla
GRAYscale
Quantize ...

I ziphumo

Despeckle
Emboss
Ukunciphisa isandi
Yongeza Umsindo
Jolisa ...
I-Blur ...
I-Threshold ...
Ukujonga Umda ...
Sasaza ...
Umthunzi ...
Phakamisa ...
Icandelo ...

F / X

I-Solarize ...
I-Swirl ...
Phalaza ...
Wave ...
Ipeyinti yeoli
Ilahleko Dweba ...

Miscellany

Ulwazi lwe Sithombe
Sondeza umfanekiso
Bonisa kuqala ...
Bonisa i-Histogram
Bonisa iMatte

Nceda
Cima

Unokwenza utshintsho kummandla wentshisekelo ngokuhambisa isalathisi kwenye yeekhonkco zengxande, ucinezela iqhosha, kwaye udonsa. Ekugqibeleni, khetha indlela yokucwangcisa umfanekiso ukusuka kwi-widget yolawulo. Unokukhetha ubuninzi beendlela zokucwangcisa umfanekiso ukufaka isicelo kwindawo. Ngenye indlela, unokuhambisa ummandla wenzalo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa enye inqubo yokucwangcisa umfanekiso. Ukuphuma, cima ukuCima.

IMAGE PANNING

Xa umfanekiso udlula ububanzi okanye ukuphakama kwesikrini se-server se-X, bonisa imephu imifanekiso encinci ye-panning. Ikhonkco ngaphakathi kwesikrini sokutshintshela ibonisa indawo ekhoyo njengamanje iboniswe kwifestile yesithombe. Ukuze ufumane umzobo ngomfanekiso, cinezela nayiphi na iqhosha uze uhudule isikhombisi kwisithonjana se-panning. Ikhonkco lomgca luhamba kunye ne-pointer kunye nefestile yesithombe ihlaziywa ukuze ibonise indawo yecatane ngaphakathi kwe icon icon. Xa ukhethe indawo yomfanekiso ofuna ukuyijonga, khupha iqhosha.

Sebenzisa izitshixo zokucima ukukhangela umzobo enye ipikseli, phantsi, ngakwesobunxele, okanye ekunene kwifestile lefayile.

I-icon ye-panning ihoxiswa ukuba umfanekiso ube mncinci kunezicwangciso zeskrini se-server se-X.

UKUSETYENZISWA KWE-USER

Okuthandayo kuyathintela ukuziphatha okungekho komboniso (1) . Izinketho ziyenyani okanye zibuxoki kwaye zigcinwe kwirekhodi lakho lasekhaya njenge .displayrc:

ukubonisa umfanekiso onomxholo "

Lo mva uhlanganisa yonke isikrini somsebenzi kwaye luncedo ukufihla enye imisebenzi ye window ye-X xa ubukela umfanekiso. Umbala we-backdrop uchazwe njengombala ongasemva. Jonga kwi-X Resources malunga neenkcukacha. qinisekisa kwiprogram yokuphuma "

Cela isiqinisekiso phambi kokuphuma kwenkqubo (1) . umfanekiso ochanekileyo wokubonisa i-gamma "

Ukuba umfanekiso unomdlalo owaziwayo, i-gamma ichanekile ukufanisana ne-server ye-X (jonga i-X Show resourceGamma ). sebenzisa impazamo ye Floyd / Steinberg kumfanekiso "

Isicwangciso esisiseko sokubakhoka kukuthengisa isisombululo esinamandla kwisisombululo sezithuba ngokulinganisela ubunzima beepekseli ezinxulumene nazo. Imifanekiso echaphazelekayo ngokukhawuleza xa kunciphisa imibala inokuphuculwa ngolu khetho. sebenzisa umbala wemibala olwabelwanayo weemifanekiso ezibonakalayo ze-X "

Olu khetho lusebenza kuphela xa i-server engapheliyo ebonwayo i- PseudoColor okanye i- GRAYScale . Jonga kwi- imbono yokufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Ngokungagqibekanga, i-colormap eyabelwe yona yabelwe. Umfanekiso unokwabelana ngemibala kunye nabanye abathengi X. Eminye imibala yemifanekiso ingalinganiswa, ngoko umfanekiso wakho ungabonakala uhluke kakhulu kunokuba uzimisele. Ngaphandle koko imibala yemifanekiso ibonakala ngokucacileyo njengoko ichazwe. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abathengi bangaya kwi-technicolor xa ifomati yomfanekiso ifakiwe. bonisa imifanekiso njenge-X server pixmap "

Imifanekiso igcinwa njenge-XImage ngokungagqibekanga. Hlela olu butyebi kwiNyaniso ukusebenzisa iseva yePixmap endaweni yoko. Olu khetho luncedo xa umfanekiso wakho udlula ubukhulu besikrini sakho se-server kwaye uceba ukwenza umzobo. I-Panning ihamba ngokukhawuleza nePixmaps kune-XImage. Iipixmaps zibhekwa njengezinto ezixabisekileyo, zisetyenziswe ngokuqonda.