I-64-bit Computing

Ukutshintshwa njani ukusuka kwi-32 ukuya kwi-64-bits Ukuphucula i-Computing?

Intshayelelo

Kule ngongoma, zonke iikhomputha zeekhompyutheni kunye nekhompyutheni ziye zatshintsha ukusuka kwi-32-bit ukuya kuma-processors angama-64. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iikhomputha zihlala zineenguqu ezingama-32 zeeWindows ezinempembelelo emininzi kwimemori abangafikelela kuyo. Kukho iiprosesa ezimbalwa ezisezantsi ezicwangcisiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-32-bit nangona kunjalo isofthiwe isasetyenziswa.

Ummandla omkhulu apho u-32-bit ngokumalunga no-64-bit processing kuyinto enenjongo malunga nabaprofeti beprogram . Uninzi lweefowuni zeefowuni kunye neepilisi okwamanje zisasebenzisa abaprofeti-32 bits. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba bavame ukuphumelela ngakumbi xa kufikelele ekusebenziseni amandla abo kwaye i-hardware isele iyanqunywe ngobukhulu. Sekunjalo, iiprosesa ezingama-64 ziba zixhaphake kakhulu ngoko ke kuluvo olungileyo ukuqonda indlela ama-32-bit kunye nabangama-64-bit processors abanokuchaphazela ngayo iikhompyutheni yakho.

Ukuqonda iiBits

Zonke iiprosesa zekhompyutheni zisekelwe kwimathematika yebhanki ngenxa yezinto ezijikelezayo ezibandakanya i-semiconductors ngaphakathi kwe-chips. Ukubeka izinto ngokwemigqaliselo elula, ibinzana elilodwa okanye eli-0 ligcinwe lisetyenziswe ngumtshintshi. Bonke abaproseshi bayabhekiselwa kumandla abo okusetyenziswa. Kwabaninzi abaprojekthi ngoku, ezi zi-64-bits kodwa kwabanye, kusenokuba zikhawulelwe kuma-32 bits. Ngoko ke ithetha ukuthini inani elincinane?

Ukulinganiswa kancinci kwiprojekithi inquma inombolo eninzi kakhulu yenombolo leyo iprosesor inokusingatha. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke ezinokucutshungulwa ngomjikelezo wehock enye iya kufana ne-2 ukuya kumandla (okanye i-exponent) yenkalo yokulinganisa. Ngaloo ndlela, iprojector ye-32-bit ingakwazi ukuphatha inombolo ukuya kwi-2 ^ 32 okanye malunga ne-4.3 billion. Naliphi na inani elikhulu kunalesi liza kufuna umjikelezo weeyure enye ukuya kusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iprojekter 64-bit, inokuphatha inamba ye-2 ^ 64 okanye malunga ne-18.4 i-quintillion (18,400,000,000,000,000,000). Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo ye-64-bits processor iza kuba nakho ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo imathematika yenani elikhulu. Ngoku aba projekthi abagcini nje ukwenza izibalo ngokukhawuleza kodwa umtya omde uthetha ukuba ungagqiba imiyalelo ephakamileyo ngaphezulu kwimijikelezo yewashi enye kunokuba udibanise ube yiziphindaphindi.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unamaprosesa afana nawa asebenza kwijubane le-clock elifanayo anikwe imiyalelo efanayo yeprogram, iprojector ye-64-bit ingaphumelela ngokuphindwe kabini ngokukhawuleza njengenkqubo ye-32-bit. Oku akukwenyani ngokupheleleyo ngoba umjikelezo weholo ngalinye awuyikusebenzisa zonke iibits kudlule kodwa nayiphi na ixesha inkulu kune-32, i-64 bit iya kuthatha isiqingatha sexesha kuloo myalelo.

Imemori yintloko

Enye yezinye izinto ezithintele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-bit rating yeprojector yimalini yememori ukuba inkqubo inokuxhasa nokufikelela. Makhe sijonge kwii-platform ze-32-bit zamanqatha namhlanje. Okwangoku iiprosesa ezingama-32 kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza inokuxhasa i-4 gigabytes yememori kwikhompyutha. Kwimemori ye-gigabyte engama-4, iinkqubo zokusebenza zingabelana kuphela nge-2 gigabytes yememori kwisicelo esinikeziweyo.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwiikhomputha zeekhomputha kunye nedesktop . Oku kungenxa yokuba banokufikelela kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezicelo ukuba bangakhankanyi indawo yokukhumbula iprogram. Amaprosesa asefowuni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anendawo esinqinqileyo kwaye ngokubanzi inememori edibeneyo kwiprosesa. Ngenxa yoko, nabaprofeti abaphezulu bokugqibela bee-smartphones kunye neepilisi ngokubanzi bane-2GB yememori kangangokuba ayifikelele kwimida engama-4GB.

Kutheni le nto? Ewe, inani lememori le projekthi liye lachaphazela ubunzima beenkqubo. Iipilisi ezincinci kunye neefowuni azikwazi ukuqhuba izicelo ezinzima kakhulu ezifana ne- Photoshop . Yingakho inkampani efana ne-Adobe kufuneka ifake ezinye izicelo ezininzi ezenza imiba eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo ye-PC enye. Ngokusebenzisa iprojector ye-32-bit kunye nemingcele yememori yayo, ayiyi kuphinda ifikeleleke kwizinga elifanayo lokuxakeka kwikhompyutha epheleleyo.

Iyintoni i-CPU engama-64 ngaphandle kwe-OS-64 ye-OS?

Kuze kube ngoku siye sathetha malunga nekhono lwabaprotshini ngokusekelwe kwizakhiwo zabo, kodwa kukho ingongoma ephambili ekwenziwe apha. Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwiprosesa kulungile nje ngokuba isofthiwe ebhaliweyo kuyo. Ukuqhuba inkqubo ye-64-bits processor nge-32-bit inkqubo yokusebenza iya kuphelisa ukuchitha imali enkulu yekhompyutheni inokwenzeka yenkqubo. Inkqubo yokusebenza ye-bits engu-32 izakusebenzisa kuphela isiqingatha iirejista zeprojekti kwaye iyanciphisa amandla okusebenzisa ikhompyutha. Kuya kuba nayo yonke imingalo efanayo ukuba inkqubo ekhoyo ye-32-bit ine-OS efanayo.

Oku kunenxaki enkulu kakhulu. Uninzi lwenguqu lwezakhiwo ezifana neprogram ye-64-bit ngokubanzi lifuna ukuba kubekho iiprogram ezintsha zeenkqubo ezibhalwa zona. Le ngxaki enkulu kubenzi be-hardware kunye nabenzi be-software. Iinkampani zesofthiwe azifuni ukubhala isofthiwe entsha kuze kube yilapho i-hardware iphume khona ukuxhasa i-software yabo yokuthengisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abantu abakwaziyo ukuthengisa imveliso yabo ngaphandle kokuba kukho isofthiwe yokuxhaswa. Le ngenye yezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuba kutheni ama-CPU afana ne-IA-64 Itanium evela kwi-Intel eneengxaki. Kwakukho isofthiwe encinane ebhaliweyo yendawo yokwakha kunye ne-32-bit yobumbiso ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zokusebenza ezikhoyo zikhubaza i-CPU.

Ngoko, i-AMD ne-Apple ihamba njani le ngxaki? I-Apple iqalile ukongeza ii-patches ezingama-64 zeenkqubo zayo zokusebenza. Oku kwongeza inkxaso eyongezelelweyo, kodwa isasebenza kwi-OS ye-32-bit. I-AMD ithathe indlela eyahlukileyo. Yenzelwe iprojekthi yayo yokusingatha iinkqubo zokusebenza ze-32-b bittery zangaphandle kwaye zongeza ii-rejista ezingama-64-bit. Oku kuvumela ukuba inkqubo iqhube ikhowudi ye-32-bit ngokuphumelelayo njengeprosesor ye-32-bit, kodwa ngeenguqu ezingu-64 ze-Linux okanye i-Windows XP 64 ezayo iya kusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwe-CPU.

Ngaba Ixesha Elifanelekileyo Nge-64-bit Computing?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo inguwe no-no. I-shishini lifikelela kwimida ye-32-bt yekhomputha yecandelo elininzi lweemarike zekhompyutheni ephezulu njengezoshishino kunye nabasebenzisi bamandla. Ukuba iikhomputha ziyakwandisa ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla okucwangcisa, kubalulekile ukuba ufikelele kwisizukulwana esilandelayo seprojekthi. Ezi zixhobo ezifuna imemori eninzi kunye nokubala kwenani elikhulu eliza kufumana inzuzo ngokuthe ngqo kwiplatifti ye-64-bit.

Abathengi bayinkalo eyahlukileyo. Imininzi yemisebenzi eyenziwa ngumthengi oqhelekileyo kwikhompyutheni yenziwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngokwakhiwa kwe-32-bit. Ekugqibeleni, abasebenzisi baya kufika kwindawo apho ukutshintshela kwi-computing 64-bit kuyoba nengqiqo, kodwa okwangoku ayikho. Bangaphi abathengi ngaphandle koko banokuba ne-4 gigabytes yememori kwikhompyutha kwimiba emibini ezayo?

Inzuzo yangempela ye-64-bit computer iya ekugqibeleni iyanqumla phantsi kubasebenzisi. Abavelisi kunye nabaphuhlisi beekhompyutha bafana nokunciphisa iindidi zeemveliso kufuneka baxhase ukuzama nokunciphisa iindleko. Ngenxa yoko, ekugqibeleni baya kugxininisa kuphela kwimveliso ye-64-bit hardware kunye nesofthiwe. Kuze kube ngulo xesha, kuya kuba uhambo olukhuselekileyo kulabo abakhetha ukuba babe ngabamkeleli bokuqala.