I-exec-Invoke i-subprocess (es)
Isiqendu
kuqhuba ? tshintsha ? ngqi ... ?
Inkcazo
Lo myalelo uhambelana neziphakamiso zawo njengokuba kuchazwe enye okanye ngaphezulu. Iingxabano zithatha uhlobo lombhobho wegobolondo oluqhelekileyo apho nganye i- arg iba yinye igama lomyalelo, kwaye umyalelo ngamnye ohlukeneyo uba ngumsebenzi ophantsi.
Ukuba iimpikiswano zokuqala ziqalise ukuqala kunye-ke zithathwa njengezitshixo zokulawula umyalelo kwaye aziyiyo inxalenye yenkcazo yepayipi. Oku kutshintshwa kwezi zilandelayo:
-keepnewline
Ugcina i-newline elandelwayo kwimveliso yepayipi. Ngokuqhelekileyo intsha entsha elandelwayo iya kususwa.
-
Iphawula ukuphela kokutshintsha. Iingxoxo ezilandelayo ziza kuthathwa njenge- arg yeyokuqala nokuba iqala nge-.
Ukuba i- arg (okanye idijithi ye- arg 's) inefom enye ichazwe ngezantsi kwaye isetyenziswe ngokusebenza ukulawula ukuhamba kwempembelelo kunye nesiphumo phakathi kweproprocess (es). Ezi ngxabano aziyi kudluliselwa kwi-subprocess (es). Kwiifomu ezifana `` < fileName '' iFayileName inokuthi ibe kwingxabano eyahlukileyo ukusuka `` <<'okanye kwiingxabano ezifanayo kungekho ndawo yokungena (ie `` < fileName ' ').
|
Ukwahlula imiyalelo eyahlukileyo kumbhobho. Umlinganiselo osemgangathweni womyalelo olandelelweyo uza kubhobhozelwa kwi-input standard yomyalelo olandelayo.
| &
Ukwahlula imiyalelo eyahlukileyo kumbhobho. Zomibini iziphumo eziqhelekileyo kunye nempazamo emiselweyo yomyalelo olandelelweyo ziya kubhobhozelwa kumgangatho oqhelekileyo womyalelo olandelayo. Le fomu yokuhlaziya iphezulu ifom efana ne-2> kunye> &.
< fayileName
Ifayile ebizwa ngefayileName ivuliwe kwaye isetyenziswe njengengalo epheleleyo yomyalelo wokuqala kumbhobho.
<@ ifayileIdi
FileId kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzisi wefayili evulekileyo, njengexabiso lokubuyisa kwifowuni yangaphambili ukuvula . It isetyenziswe njengengcaciso epheleleyo yomyalelo wokuqala kumbhobho. IfayileIkufuneka ivulelelwe ukufunda.
<< xabiso
Ukubaluleka kudluliselwa kumyalelo wokuqala njengengalo efanelekileyo.
> IfayileName
Umlinganiselo ophezulu ukusuka kumyalelo wokugqibela uqondiswa kwifayili egama elibizwa ngefayileName , ngokubhaliweyo kokubhalwe kwangaphambili.
2> ifayileName
Iphutha eliqhelekileyo ukusuka kuyo yonke imiyalelo kwibhobho liqondiswa kwifayili egama libizwa ngefayileName , ibeka phezu kwayo imveliso yayo yangaphambili.
> & fayileName
Zomibini iziphumo ezisuka kumyalelo wokugqibela kunye nephutha eliqhelekileyo kuyo yonke imiyalelo iqondiswa kwifayili egama elibizwa ngeFayileName , ngokubhaliweyo kokuqukethwe kwayo kwangaphambili.
>> fileName
Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ukusuka kumyalelo wokugqibela uphinde uqondiswe kwifayile ebizwa ngokuba yiFayileName , usebenzise kuyo kunokuba uyibeke phambili.
2 >> ifayile yeName
Iphutha eliqhelekileyo ukusuka kuyo yonke imiyalelo kwibhobho liqondiswa kwifayili egama libizwa ngefayileName , lifaka kuyo kunokuba liyibeke phambili.
>> & fayileName
Zomibini iziphumo ezisuka kumyalelo wokugqibela kunye nempazamo eqhelekileyo kuyo yonke imiyalelo iqondiswa kwifayili egama elibizwa ngokuba yiFayileName , ukufaka kuyo kunokuba uyibeke phambili.
> @ fileId
FileId kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzisi wefayili evulekileyo, njengexabiso lokubuyisa kwifowuni yangaphambili ukuvula . Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ukusuka kumyalelo wokugqibela uqondiswa kwifayili yefayili, ekufuneka ivulelwe ukubhalwa.
2> @ ifayileIdi
FileId kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzisi wefayili evulekileyo, njengexabiso lokubuyisa kwifowuni yangaphambili ukuvula . Iphutha eliqhelekileyo kuyo yonke imiyalelo kwibhobho liqondiswa kwifayili yeFayile . Ifayile kufuneka ivulelwe ukubhalwa.
> & @ ifayileIdi
FileId kufuneka ibe ngumsebenzisi wefayili evulekileyo, njengexabiso lokubuyisa kwifowuni yangaphambili ukuvula . Zomibini iziphumo ezisuka kumyalelo wokugqibela kunye nempazamo eqhelekileyo kuyo yonke imiyalelo iqondiswa kwifayili yeFayile . Ifayile kufuneka ivulelwe ukubhalwa.
Ukuba umgangatho osemgangathweni awungakhange uqondiswe kwakhona umyalelo wokubuyisela ubuyisela umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo kumyalelo wokugqibela kwipayipi. Ukuba nayiphi na imilayezo ephuma kumbhobho engaqhelekanga okanye ebulawe okanye eyamiswayo, yenzeke iya kubuya impazamo kwaye umyalezo wephutha uya kubandakanya imveliso yepayipi elandelwa yimilaphu ephosakeleyo ichaza ukupheliswa okungavumelekanga; IphuthaCode variable iya kuba nolwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nokupheliswa kokungaqhelekanga kokugqibela. Ukuba nayiphi na yale mithetho ibhala kwifayile yayo yokuphambuka kwaye impazamo eyimfuneko ayiyi kuqondiswa kwakhona, yenzeke iya kubuya impazamo; Umyalezo wesiphene uya kubandakanya umgangatho ophezulu wepipeline, olandelwa yimilayezo malunga nokupheliswa okungavumelekanga (ukuba kukho), elandelwa yiphumo eliphambili lempazamo.
Ukuba umgca wokugcina wesiphumo okanye umyalezo wephutha ngumnxeba omtsha ngoko lowo mlingiswa uvame ukususwa kwisiphumo okanye umyalezo wephutha. Oku kuyahambelana namanye amaxabiso ebuyisela i-Tcl, engagqithwanga ngokuqhelekileyo ngeendlela ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba -keepnewline icacisiwe ke i-newline elandelwayo igcinwa.
Ukuba umgangatho osemgangathweni awunakuqondiswa kwakhona nge `` <'' okanye `` << '' okanye `` <@ '' ngoko ke umrhumo oqhelekileyo womyalelo wokuqala kumbhobho uyathathwa kwi-input standard current input.
Ukuba i- ar yokugqibela '`&' 'ke umbhobho uya kuqhutyelwa kwimvelaphi. Kule meko umyalelo we- exec uza kubuya uluhlu olunezinto ezichazwe kwinkqubo kuzo zonke iiproprocesses kumbhobho. Umlinganiselo osemgangathweni ukusuka kumyalelo wokugqibela kwipayipi uya kuvela kumgangatho oqhelekileyo wesicelo xa ungakhange uhanjiswe, kwaye impazamo evela kuyo yonke imiyalelo kwipayipi iya kufayile yefayile yefayile ngaphandle kokuba iqondiswe kwakhona.
Igama lokuqala kumyalelo ngamnye lithathwa njengegama lomyalelo; ukufakwa endaweni yesikhokelo kusebenza kuyo, kwaye ukuba isiqulatho singaququzeki kwaye iirejista kwi-PATH eziguquguqukayo zendalo zi tshekiswa ukuba zenziwe ngegama elinikeziwe. Ukuba igama liqulethe i-slash ngoko limele libhekiselele kwi-executable efikelelekayo kwi-directory yangoku. Ukunyuselwa kwamanye amazwe okanye ezinye iingubo zengqungquthela zenziwa kwiingxoxo kumyalelo.
Imiba yokuPhatha
Windows (zonke iinguqulelo)
Ukufunda ukusuka okanye ukubhala kwisiseko, usebenzisa i `` @ fileId '' inqaku, ayisebenzi. Xa ufunda kwisiseko, isicelo se-DOS se-16-bit siza kuxhoma kunye nesicelo se-32-bit siza kubuyela ngokukhawuleza kunye neyokuphela kwefayile. Xa kukho uhlobo lwesicelo lubhala kwisiseko, ulwazi luye lwa thunyelwa kwi-console, ukuba umntu ukho, okanye ulahlwa.
I-widget yombhalo weTk console ayiniki i -OO yangempela. Ngaphantsi kweTk, xa uqondisa ukusuka kwi-input standard, zonke izicelo ziya kubona ukuphela kwefayile; ulwazi olujoliswe kwi-output standard okanye impazamo eqhelekileyo iya kulahlwa.
Ekubeni phambili okanye ukuhlehla emva kuya kwamkelwa njengabahluli beendlela zokungqubuzana nemiyalelo yeTcl. Xa uqhuba isicelo, igama lomzila elichazwe kwisicelo linokuthi luqulethe phambili okanye ludlule lugqithise njengabahluli beendlela. Kodwa ke, khumbula, ukuba ezininzi izicelo zeWindows zamkela iingxabano kunye nokugqithisa phambili njengendlela yokukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye nokubuyela emva kweendlela kuphela. Naziphi na iziphakamiso kwisicelo esichaza igama lomzila ngokukhawuleza phambili akuyi kuguqulwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze usebenzise umlenze wokubuyela emuva. Ukuba ingxabano iqule phambili phambili iyancipha njengendlela yokwahlula umzila, iyakwazi okanye ingabonakali njengegama lomzila, kuxhomekeka kwenkqubo.
Ukongeza, xa ubiza i-16-bit DOS okanye i-Windows 3.X, onke amagama emigca kufuneka asebenzise ifomati, imfashane, indlela yokuhamba (umzekelo, usebenzisa `` applba ~ 1.def '' endaweni ye `` applbakery.default '' ).
Ibini okanye ngaphezulu phambili okanye ebuyela emuva ihamba ngokulandelana kwindlela ekubhekiselele kuyo kwinkqubo yomnatha. Umzekelo, i-concatenation elula ye-root directory c: / nge-subdirectory / windows / system iya kuvelisa c: // iiwindow / inkqubo (ezimbini zidibanisa kunye), ezibhekisela kwintonga ekuthiwa yinkqubo kumshini obizwa ngokuba ngamawindi (kwaye c: / ayinakukhatywa), kwaye akafani ne c: / windows / inkqubo , echaza ulawulo kwiikhomputha yangoku. Umyalelo wokujoyina ifayile kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqulunqa izixhobo zendlela.
Windows NT
Xa uzama ukuphumeza isicelo, yenza kuqala uphando lwegama njengoko kuchaziwe. Emva koko, ngokulandelelana, .com , .exe , kunye .bat zihlanganiswa ekupheleni kwegama elichanekileyo kwaye lifuna igama elide. Ukuba igama lolawulo alichaziwe njengenxalenye yegama lesicelo, ezi zilandelayo zikholiselwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenzela xa uzama ukufumana isicelo:
I-directory apho i-Tcl iphumelele khona.
Ulawulo lwangoku.
Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-Windows NT ye-Windows-bit.
Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-Windows NT 16-bit system.
Ulawulo lwekhaya lwe-Windows NT.
Iinkcukacha ezichazwe kwindlela.
Ukuze wenze i-shell shell builtin commands like dir and copy , i-caller kufuneka ibeke `` cmd.exe / c '' kumyalelo oyifunayo.
Windows 95
Xa uzama ukuphumeza isicelo, yenza kuqala uphando lwegama njengoko kuchaziwe. Emva koko, ngokulandelelana, .com , .exe , kunye .bat zihlanganiswa ekupheleni kwegama elichanekileyo kwaye lifuna igama elide. Ukuba igama lolawulo alichaziwe njengenxalenye yegama lesicelo, ezi zilandelayo zikholiselwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenzela xa uzama ukufumana isicelo:
I-directory apho i-Tcl iphumelele khona.
Ulawulo lwangoku.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweWindows 95.
Ulawulo lwekhaya lwe-Windows 95.
Iinkcukacha ezichazwe kwindlela.
Ukuze wenze i-shell shell builtin imiyalelo njengokungcola nokukopisha , umnxebi kufuneka alinde `` command.com / c '' kumyalelo oyifunayo.
Emva kokuba i-DOS yesicelo se-16-bit isifunde ngokusemgangathweni kwi-console uze uyeke, zonke izicelo ze-DOS ezingama-16 ziza kubona i-input standard njengoko sele ivalwe. Izicelo ze-32-bit ezingenayo le ngxaki kwaye ziya kuhamba ngokuchanekileyo, nangona emva kwesicelo se-DOS esine-16 sicinga ukuba i-input standard ivaliwe. Akukho nto eyaziwayo yokusebenza kwesi sigulo ngeli xesha.
Ukulungiswa phakathi kwe- NUL: ifowuni kunye nesicelo se-16-bit ayisoloko isebenza. Xa uhanjiswa ukusuka kwi- NUL:, ezinye izicelo zingaxhoma, abanye bafumane umlambo ongapheliyo we `` 0x01 '' bytes, kwaye abanye baya kwenene bafumane ukuphela kwefayile; ukuziphatha kubonakala kuxhomekeke kwinto ehlanganiswe kwisicelo ngokwayo. Xa uqondisa ngaphezulu kwe-4K okanye njalo kwi- NUL:, ezinye izicelo ziya kuxhoma. Iingxaki ezingentla zingenzeki ngezicelo ezingama-32-bit.
Zonke izicelo ze-DOS 16-bit zisebenza ngokulandelanayo. Zonke izalathiso ezisemgangathweni ezisuka kumbhobho ukuya kwi-D-16 bit bit DOS ziqokelelwa kwifayile yesikhashana; omnye umva wepayipi kufuneka ivaliwe ngaphambi kokuba isicelo se-D-16 se-DOS siqale ukusebenza. Zonke iziphumo eziqhelekileyo okanye iimpazamo ezivela kwisicelo se-DOS-16 bit kwipayipi ziqokelelwa kwiifayile zesikhashana; isicelo kufuneka siphele phambi kokuba iifayile zesikhashana zihanjiswe kwisigaba esilandelayo sepayipi. Oku kungenxa yokusebenza kwegciwane le-Windows 95 ekuphunyezweni kweemibhobho, kwaye yindlela i-shell ye-Windows 95 ye-DOS shell eyenza ngayo iipayipi ngokwayo.
Ezinye izicelo, ezifana ne-command.com , akufanele zifezekiswe ngaphakathi. Izicelo ezifikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiwindow ye-console, kunokufunda kwi-input standard kunye nokubhalwa kwimiqathango yazo engapheliyo, ingaxhomekeka kwi-Tcl, okanye ixhomekeke kwinkqubo ukuba iifestile yangasese yekhonsole ayifumanekanga kubo.
Macintosh
Umyalelo we- exec usebenze kwaye awukho phantsi kweMacintosh.
Unix
Umyalelo wokusebenza usebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye usebenza njengoko kuchaziwe.
Bona kwakho
impazamo (n), vula (n)
Amagama angundoqo
ukwenza, ipayipi, ukulungiswa kwakhona, ngaphantsi
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.