Kwinqaku eliphambili, sazisa ezisixhenxe zeendlela eziphambili ze-3D zokusebenzisa iimpawu ezisetyenziswe kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutheni yanamhlanje. Ngelo xesha sibhala loo nqaku, saqaphela ukuba amacandelo ebhokisini kunye nokulandelana kwemigangatho yayifumaneka ixesha elide kunokuba sifuna.
Ekugqibeleni, sinqume ukuba kuya kuba ngcono ukuphula ininzi yolwazi kwinqaku ehlukile. Kule ngqungquthela, siza kugxininisa kwezinye izixhobo ezithile kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswe kwi-polygonal 3D modeling.
Kwi- polygonal modeling , umculi wenza ukubonakaliswa kwedijithali yento ye-3D eneenjengejometri ezenziwe ngobuso, emaphethelweni nakwiimpawu . Ubusiso buqhelekile kwi-quadrilateral okanye i-triangular, kwaye yenze umgangatho we-3D model. Ngokusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela ezilandelayo, umfaki-mzekelo uguqule ngokugqithisileyo isitshixo se-3D (ngokuqhelekileyo i-cube, i-cylinder, okanye i-sphere) kwimodeli epheleleyo ye-3D:
01 ngo 04
Exrusion
I-Extrusion yindlela yokongeza i-geometry kwi-polygon yangaphambili, kwaye enye yezixhobo eziphambili umzekelo oyisebenzisayo ukuqala ukudala i-mesh.
Ngokugqithisa i-modeler ixhaphaza i-3D mesh ngokuthi idibanise ubuso phezu kwayo (ukudala indentation), okanye ngokugqithisa ubuso ngaphandle kwendawo eqhelekileyo-i- vector direction facependicular to face polygonal.
Ukugqithisa ubuso obunobumba obunzima bubumba iipolgoni ezine ezintsha ukuze kubhubhe ikhefu phakathi kwesimo sokuqala nokuphela kwayo. I-Extrusion ingaba nzima ukujonga ngeso sizathu ngaphandle khonkment:
- Cinga ngomfanekiso ophilileyo wepiramidi , kunye nesiseko se-quadrilateral (esisezantsi-4). Umfaki-modeli unokutshintsha le piramidi engummangaliso kwisimo esifana nendlu ngokukhetha isiseko sepiramidi kwaye uyidlulisa kwi-Y direction direction. Isiseko sepiramidi sitshintshiswa phantsi, kwaye ubuso obutsha obuso bubekwe kwithuba phakathi kwesiseko kunye nekotwe. Umzekelo ofanayo ungabonwa ngokumisela imilenze yetafile okanye isihlalo.
- Iingcipheko zinokuphinda zikhishwe. Xa kuqhutywe umda, kuphengululwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo-umgca wokuphindaphinda unokutsalwa okanye ujikelezwe ukusuka kwintsusa kwiphina indlela, kunye nesimo esitsha se-polygonal ngokuzenzakalelayo sidalwe ukudibanisa ezimbini. Le yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwenza i-geometry kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa imida .
02 we 04
Ukwahlula
Ukwahlula iziqendu kuyindlela yokwenza iifomati zokongeza isombululo se-polygonal kumzekelo, ngokufanayo okanye ngokukhethayo. Ngenxa yokuba imodeli ye-polygonal iqala ngokusuka kwisigqibo esincinci esincinci kunye nobuso obumbalwa kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa umzekelo ogqityiweyo ngaphandle ubuncinane kwinqanaba lokuhlulwa kwesahlulo.
- Ulwahlulo olufanayo luhlula yonke indawo yomzekelo ngokulinganayo. Iziqendu eziqhelekileyo zivame ukugqitywa kwinqanaba elincinane, okuthetha ukuba yonke into epoloniyali ihlulwe ibe ezine. Ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo lunceda ukuqeda "ukuthintela," kwaye lunokusetyenziswa ukulungelelanisa umgangatho womzekelo.
- I-Edge Loops - Isisombululo sinokudibaniswa ngokukhetha ngokukhetha i-loops eyongeziweyo. Ingqungquthela yomgca ingafakwa kwiphina isithintelo sobuso be-polygonal, ukwahlula ubuso obukhethiweyo ngaphandle kokungenisekanga ngokungenakudinga isisombululo kuzo zonke iingcingo. Amacango e-Edge asetyenziswa ukufaka isisombululo kwimimandla yomzekelo ofuna inqanaba leenkcukacha ezingafaniyo kwijometri elikufuphi (ama-knee kunye neelbow umzekelo wesimodeli somlingiswa ngumzekelo oyintloko, njengemilebe kunye namehlo).
I-loge ye-Edge ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela umgangatho wokugqithiswa okanye ukuhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo. Xa umgangatho uhambelana ngokufanayo, nayiphi na iibhodlela ezinzima zijikelezwe kwaye zihlanjululwe-ukuba ukuhlulwa kwesahlulo kufunwa kodwa umfaki-mhlaba unqwenela ukugcina ezinye iindawo ezilukhuni, zinokugcinwa ngokubeka umgca wecala ngaphesheya komgca. Esi siphumo esifanayo sinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i- bevel , echazwe ngezantsi.
03 we 04
Iinqwelo okanye ii-Chamfers
Ukuba ubukade uphakathi nobunjineli, uyilo lwezektroniki, okanye amasimu okhuni kuwo onke, igama le- bevel lingase lithinte ubunzima kuwe.
Ngokungagqibekanga, imijelo ye-3D imodeli igxininise kakhulu-imeko engazange ivele kwihlabathi lenene. Jonga ngeenxa zonke. Ukuhlolisiswa ngokukhawulezileyo, phantse onke amanqamana oya kuhlangana nawo uya kuba nohlobo oluthile lwe-taper okanye olujikelezayo.
Ingqungquthela okanye inqabileyo ithatha le ngxaki, kwaye isetyenziswe ukunciphisa ubukrakra beemida kwi-3D model:
- Ngokomzekelo, umgca ngamnye kwikhampu ivela kwi-converge ye-90 degree phakathi kobuso babini be-polygonal. Ukuhlawulela loo miji kudala ubuso obuncinci obungama-45 phakathi kweeplani eziguqukayo zokunciphisa ukubonakala kwembali kwaye kunceda i-cube isebenze ngokukhanya ngakumbi. Ubude (okanye ukucima ) kwe-bevel, kunye nokujikeleza kwayo kunokumiselwa ngumzekelo.
04 we 04
Ukucoca / UkuBumba
Kwakhona kuthiwa "ukunyusa nokudonsa amabala," amaninzi amanqaku afuna inqanaba lokuhlengahlengiswa kwencwadi. Xa uhlambulula umzekelo, umculi uhambisa izithuba zomntu kunye ne-x, y, okanye i- axis ukudibanisa i-contours yomhlaba.
Ukufaniswa okwaneleyo kokulungiswa kungabonakala kumsebenzi womdwebi wendabuko: Xa umdwebi osebenzayo, uqala ukukhupha iifomu ezinkulu zeso siqingqiweyo, egxininise kwimeko yakhe yonke. Emva koko uphinde abuyele ummandla ngamnye wesakhiwo kunye ne "rake brush" ukuze ahlabe umphezulu kwaye ahlaziye iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko.
Ukuhlaziya imodeli ye-3D kuyafana kakhulu. Zonke i-extrusion, i-bevel, i-edge-loop, okanye ulwahlulo, ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba kunye ncinane ubuncinci be-vertex-by-vertex.
Isigaba sokuhlengahlengwa sinokubuhlungu kwaye mhlawumbi sidla ipesenti ezingama-90 zexesha elipheleleyo umzekelo ohlala kwisiqwenga. Kungathatha nje imizuzwana engama-30 ukubeka i-loop edge, okanye ukukhupha i-extrusion, kodwa ayiyi kuba yindlebe yokuba imodeli ichithe iiyure zokucocisa i-topology ye-surface (ngokukodwa kwimodeli ye-organic, apho utshintsho lwezinto luhamba kakuhle ).
Ukuhlaziywa ngokugqithiseleyo kuthatyathwa inyathelo elithatha umzekelo ukusuka kumsebenzi oqhubekayo kwi-asethi egciniweyo.