I-Anatomy ye-3D Model
Iimodeli ze-3D zingenye yeebhloko zokubaluleka ezibalulekileyo zekhompyutheni ze-3D. Ngaphandle kwabo, bekungekho khomputha yecomputer-akukho nanyana ibhola le-Toy , akukho- Wall-E , ayikho i-green ogre enkulu.
Ngeke kubekho imidlalo ye-3D, oko kuthetha ukuba asizange sihlolisise i-Hyrule e- Ocarina yexesha , kwaye iNkosi oyiNtloko yayingekho eHalo. Ngeke kubekho iifilimu zeTshintshi (ubuncinane indlela esibaziyo ngayo namhlanje), kwaye ukuthengiswa kwemoto kwakungeke kubonakale nantoni na efana nale.
Yonke into, umlingiswa, kunye nemeko, kuyo yonke i-movie ye-animated movie okanye umdlalo wevidiyo ye-3D, uqukethe imizekelo ye-3D. Ngoko ewe, kubaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe leCG.
Yintoni i-3D Model?
I-3D Model ibonisa ukumelwa kweemathematika kwanoma yiphi into emithathu-ntathu (okwenene okanye icingelwe) kwi-software yesimo se-3D. Ngokungafani nomfanekiso we-2D, imodeli ye-3D ingabonwa kwii-suites ezikhethekileyo ze-software ukususela kunoma iyiphi i-angle, kwaye iyakunikwa, ijikelezwe, okanye iguqulelwe ngokukhululekile. Inkqubo yokudala nokwenza imodeli ye-3D iyaziwa njenge-3d modeling.
Iintlobo zeModeli ze-3D
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeModeli ze-3D ezisetyenziselwa kumboniso wefilimu kunye nemidlalo, ukungafani okubonakalayo kwindlela abayidalwe ngayo kunye nokusetyenziswa (kukho ukungafani kwimathematika ephantsi, kodwa oko kubaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni -user).
- I-NURBS Surface: I-non-uniform inqununu ye-B-spline, okanye indawo ye-NURBS imodeli yomhlaba ogqithisileyo owenziwe ngokusebenzisa imizila ye-Bezier (njenge-3D version ye-MS Paint pen tool). Ukwenza umgangatho we-NURBS, umculi udonsa amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwee-curves kwi-3D space, engasetyenziswa ngokuphatha izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-vertices (CVs) kunye ne-x, y, okanye i-axis.
- Isicelo sesofthiwe sidibanisa isikhala phakathi kweemitha kunye nokudala i-mesh elula phakathi kwabo. Izixhobo ze-NURBS zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuchaneka kweemathematika kwaye ngoko ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumzekelo wokubunjineli kunye nokuyila imoto.
- Umzekelo wePolygonal: Iimodeli zePolygol okanye "iipilisi" njengoko zibizwa rhoqo, ziyimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-3D imodeli ezitholakalayo kwi-animation, ifilimu, kunye nemidlalo yemidlalo, kwaye iya kuba yinto esiza kujolisa kuyo lonke eli nqaku.
Iimpawu zePolygonal Model
- Ubuso: Uphawu olucacileyo lwesimo se-polygonal kukuba (ngokungafani ne-NURBS Surfaces) izilwanyana ze-polygon zihlangene, oku kuthetha ukuba umgangatho we-3D model uqukwa ngamakhulu okanye amawaka obuso bemijimethri.
Ngokomzekelo omhle, iipoluni zinezixhasi ezine (i- quads-isigqirha kwisimo / imodeli yezinto eziphilayo) okanye emacaleni amathathu (i- tris- esebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo kwimifanekiso yokudlala). Abalingisi abafanelekileyo bazama ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nentlangano, bezama ukugcina inani leepoloni njengento ephantsi kunokwenzeka kwimo enqunyiwe.
Inombolo yeepolgoni kwi-mesh, ibizwa ngokuba yi- poly-count , ngelixa i-polygon ukuxinwa kuthiwa isisombululo . Iimodeli ezingcono ze-3D zinezigqibo eziphezulu? apho kukho iinkcukacha ezifunekayo - njengezandla zomntu okanye ubuso, kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu kwimimandla ephantsi yeenkcukacha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iphakamileyo isisombululo esiphezulu semodeli, i-smoother iya kubonakala kwisigqibo sokugqibela. Umlenze wesisombululo ongaphantsi ukhangele i-boxy (khumbula uMario 64 ?).
- Imijikelo: Umngcipheko nayiphi na indawo kwindawo yomgangatho we-3D apho ubuso obubili bepoloniki budibana khona .
- Iimpawu: Iphuzu lesithintelo phakathi kweemitha ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu libizwa ngokuba yi-vertex ( ii-vertices ). Ukuqhutyelwa kwee-vertic kwi-x, y, ne-z-axis (ngokubhekiselele ekuthiwa "ukunyusa nokutsala ama-verts") yindlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza i-polygonal mesh ibe yinto yokugqibela kwiipakethi zemizekelo njengeMaya, i-3Ds Max, njl njl. . (Iinkqubo zincinci, zihluke kakhulu ekukrokheni izicelo ezifana neZBrush okanye i-Mudbox.)
Iimodeli zePolygon zifana kakhulu neengqungquthela zejometri oye wafunda ngazo esikolweni esiphakathi. Njengomfanekiso wesiseko sejometri, imizekelo ye-3D polygonal iqukethe ubuso, imida, kunye nemigca .
Enyanisweni, imodeli ye-3D eyinkimbinkimbi iqala njengendlela elula yejometri, njengekhampu, i-sphere, okanye i-cylinder. Ezi ziseko zohlobo lwe-3D zibizwa ngokuba yizinto eziza kuqala. Iimpawu zokuqala ziyakwazi ukulungiswa, ezibunjwa, kwaye ziqhutyelwe kuyo nayiphi na into umculi uzama ukuyidala (ngokungathi sifuna ukuhamba ngokucacileyo, siya kubhalela inkqubo yohlobo lwe-3D kwinqaku elihlukile).
Kukho enye inxenye ye-3D imodeli efuna ukujongiswa nayo:
Iimpawu kunye namaShaders
Ngaphandle kwempahla kunye ne-shaders, imodeli ye-3D ayiyi kubonakala ngathi ininzi. Enyanisweni, awuyi kukwazi ukubona konke. Nangona iingubo kunye ne-shaders akukho nto enokuyenza ngayo yonke imbonakalo ye-3D model, banakho konke ukukwenza ngokubonakala kwayo.
- Abaxhasi: I-shader iyisethi yemiyalelo esetyenziswe kwimodeli ye-3D evumela ikhompyutha ukuba ikwazi ukuba iboniswe njani. Nangona amanethiwekhi e-shading angabhala ngesandla, amaninzi amaphakheji e-3D anesixhobo sokuvumela umculi ukuba acwecwe iiparitha ze-shader ngokukhululeka. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, umculi unakho ukulawula indlela umphezulu womzekelo usebenzisana ngayo nokukhanya, kubandakanya ukuguqulwa, ukubonakaliswa, ukugqatso okucacileyo (kunye nokugqithisa) kunye nabanye abaninzi.
- Iimpawu: Iimpawu zinegalelo elikhulu kumboniso wokubonakala kweso. Iifayile ziifayile zemizobo emibini engabonakaliswa kwimephu ye-3D yomgangatho ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yimephu yokumisa . I-Textures ingahluka kwiindawo ezinzima ezivela kumbala olula wombala ukuya kwi-detailrealistic surface detail.
Ukubhala nge-texting kunye ne-shading kuyimpawu ebalulekileyo yepayilile yekhompyutheni yekhompyutheni , kwaye ukulungele ukubhala amanethiwekhi-shader okanye ukuphucula imephu yamaphepha kukukhethekileyo. I-Texture kunye nabaculi be-shader bafana negalelo ekujongeni jikelele kwefilimu okanye umfanekiso njengabalingisi okanye i-animators.
Uyenzile!
Ndiyathemba ukuba, ngeli nqanaba, uyazi ngakumbi malunga neemodeli ze-3D kunye neempawu zabo eziphambili. Eyona nto, iimodeli ze-3D ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zeejometri kunye namakhulu amabuso amancinci. Ngethuba, akungathandabuzeki ukuba uzonwaba ukufunda ngeemodeli ze-3D, kuluvuyisa nakakhulu ukuzenza ngokwakho.