Isingeniso kwi-3D Modeling Techniques
Kule ndawo, sinethuba lokumboza kokubili ukukhupha nokunikezela ngokubaluleka ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye sisandul 'ukuxubusha imodeli ye-3D imodeli . Kodwa ngokuzisola, siye sanyanzeliswa kakhulu ukubonelela naluphi na uhlobo lwenkcukacha enenkcazo kwi-3D modeling process.
Ukuze senze izinto ngokuchanekileyo, sisebenza nzima kumsebenzi olungiselela amacandelo amanqaku agxininisa kumacandelo obugcisa kunye nobugcisa be-3D modeling. Nangona sinikeze isingeniso esiphezulu sokumisela kwiingxoxo zethu? ipayipi yekhompyutheni yekhompyutheni , yayingekho epheleleyo. Ukumodareyitha kuyisihloko esicacileyo, kwaye umhlathi omncinci awukwazi ukukhangela phezulu kwaye wenze ubulungisa besifundo.
Kwiintsuku ezizayo, siza kunika ulwazi malunga nezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa okumelwe kwenziwe ngabafaki-zicelo abasebenza kwiifilimu zakho ozithandayo kunye nemidlalo.
Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siza kuqala ngokuzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisixhenxe ezisetyenziselwa ukudala i-asethi ye-3D kwimveliso yecomputer.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zoModeling
Ibhokisi / ukuHlulwa kweMida
Ibhokisi lokubonisa i-polygonal modeling technique apho umculi uqala nge-geometric primitive (cube, sphere, cylinder, njl.
Ibhokisi yeebhokisi ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza kwiinqanaba, ngokuqala ngesigqibo esincinci, ukucoca umlo, kwaye ngokohlula ukwahlula ukulungelelanisa imiphetho elukhuni kwaye ungeze iinkcukacha. Inkqubo yokwahlula nokucocwa iphindwaphindwa kuze kube yilapho i-mesh iqulethe ngokwaneleyo iinkcukacha ze-polygonal ukubonisa ngokufanelekileyo ingcamango ejoliswe kuyo.
Ibhokisi lokufakela ibhokisi mhlawumbi luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe- polygonal modeling kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubambisana kunye neendlela zokumisela umzekelo (esiza kuxoxa ngazo ngomzuzu nje). Sihlolisisa inkqubo yohlobo lwebhokisi / umgca wenkcazo ngokubanzi iinkcukacha apha.
I-Edge / Contour Modeling
Uhlobo lwe-Edge lubonisa olunye uhlobo lwe-polygonal, nangona luhluke ngokukodwa kwibhokisi yaloo mzekelo. Ngokomzekelo wokumisela, kunokuba uqalise ngokubunjwa kobudala kunye nokucocwa, imodeli isakhiwe ngokuqingqiweyo ngecandelo ngokubeka iingubo zobuso be-polygonal kunye neendlela eziphambili, kwaye ugcwalise nayiphi na ikhefu phakathi kwabo.
Oku kungabonakala kungenakunzima, kodwa iiminge ezithile zilukhuni ukugqiba ngebhokisi yokwenza imodeli yedwa, ubuso bomntu ngumzekelo omhle. Ukufanisa ngokufanelekileyo ubuso kubandakanya ulawulo oluqinileyo lokuhamba kwemida kunye ne- topology , kwaye ukuchaneka okunikezelwa ngumzekelo wokubaluleka kungabaluleka. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukuma isakhelo esicacileyo kakuhle esivela kwi-cube polygonal eqinile (edidekayo kunye ne-intuitive), kulula kakhulu ukwakha umgca welihlo uze ulandele yonke indawo ukusuka apho. Emva kokuba iziganeko eziphambili (amehlo, imilomo, i-browline, impumlo, i-jawline) zihlanjululwa, ezinye zihlala zihlala ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo.
I-NURBS / i-Spline Modeling
I-NURBS yindlela yokwenza imodeli esetyenziselwa kakhulu imodeli yezolimo kunye nezoshishino. Ngokuphambene ne-geometry ye-polygonal, i-NURBS mesh ayikho ubuso, imiphetho, okanye imiqobo. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, imizekelo ye-NURBS iqulethwe ngendawo echazwe ngokucacileyo, eyenziwe ngokuthi "ukukhangela" ingcongolo phakathi kweemitha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ze-Bezier (ezikwaziwa nangokuthi i-splines).
Iindlovu ze-NURBS zenziwe nge sixhobo ezisebenza ngokufanayo kwiziko lokubhala kwi-MS ukupenda okanye i-Adobe Illustrator. I-curve ithathwa kwindawo ye-3D kwaye ihlelwe ngokuhambisa i-series of handles ebizwa ngokuba yi-CVs (i-vertices control). Ukubonisa umgangatho we-NURBS, umculi ubeka iindlovu kunye neendlela eziphambili, kwaye isofthiwe ngokuzenzekelayo idibanisa isikhala phakathi.
Ngenye indlela, umgangatho we-NURBS ungadalwa ngokuguqula umgca wefayili malunga ne-axis ephakathi. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo (kwaye ngokukhawuleza) yokwenza imifanekiso yezinto ezixakile kwendalo-iiglasi zewayini, izitya, izitya, njl.
Ukudibanisa idijithali
Icandelo lezobugcisa liyakuthanda ukuthetha malunga nokuphumelela okuthethiwa yizinto zobuchwepheshe eziphazamisayo . Iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe ezitshintsha indlela esicinga ngayo ngokufezekisa umsebenzi othile. Imoto iguqule indlela esiya kuyo. I-intanethi yatshintsha indlela esifumana ngayo ulwazi kunye nokuthetha. Ukukhwabanisa idijithali kuyinkcenkceshe yokukhangela iteknoloji ngolu hlobo lokuba luncedisa abaxhasi beemidlalo ezivela kwiintlungu zokubamba i-topology kunye nokujikeleza kwempembelelo, kwaye bavumela ukuba benze i-3D imodeli ngendlela efana neyobunjwa ngobumba bedijithali.
Kwi-digital sculpting, izilwanyana zenziwe ngokusemzimbeni, usebenzisa i-tablet ye-Wacom yokubumba kunye nokwenza imodeli malunga nomfanekiso wemifanekiso. Ukudweba idijithali kuthathe udidi kunye nesidalwa esilungiswayo kwinqanaba elitsha, okwenza inkqubo ikhawuleze, iphumelele ngakumbi, kwaye ivumela abaculi ukuba basebenze kunye nezilwanyana eziphezulu eziqulethwe zizigidi zeepoloni. Imifuno ekhethiweyo iyaziwa ngamanqanaba angenakucinganiswa okucacileyo, kunye nemvelo (nokuba yinto ethile).
Indlela yokuPhatha
Igama eliyinkqubo ekwikhompyutheni yekhompyutheni libhekisela kunoma yintoni na eyenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kunokuba idalwe ngesandla ngesandla somculi. Kwimodeli yenkqubo, iimpawu okanye izinto zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo eqingqiweyo yomsebenzisi okanye iiparameters.
Kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zendawo yokupakisha i-View, i-Bryce, ne-Terragen, iindawo ezipheleleyo ziyakwenziwa ngokubeka kunye nokuguqula imilinganiselo yemo engqongileyo njengobuninzi bamagqabi kunye nokuphakama kweendawo, okanye ngokukhetha kwiindawo zokuma komhlaba, njengentlango, i-alpine, yonxweme, njl.
Indlela yokwenza izinto ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuzakhela izinto ezifana nemithi kunye namahlamvu, apho kukho ukungafani okungapheliyo kunye nobunzima obuya kuba yidla ixesha elide (okanye lingenakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo) ukuba umculi athathwe ngesandla. Isicelo se-SpeedTree sisebenzisa i-algorithm esekelwe kwi-algorithm ekwenzeni ukuvelisa imimandla ekhethekileyo kunye ne-shrubbery ezinokuthi zifakwe kwiimeko ezilungele ukuphakama kwe-trunk, ubuninzi begatsha, i-angle, i-curl, kunye neeninzi xa kungenamakhulu ezinye iindlela. I-CityEngine isebenzisa ubuchule obufanayo ukuvelisa iidolophu ezisemgangathweni.
Imifanekiso-Based Modeling
Imifanekiso esekelwe kwimizekelo yinkqubo apho izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zichanekileyo zivela kwi-set of static two-dimensional images. Uhlobo olusisiseko-mfanekiso luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ixesha okanye izithintelo zebhajethi azivumeli ukuba i-asethi ye-3D igqitywe ngokupheleleyo.
Mhlawumbi umzekelo ogqwesileyo wendlela yokwenza imifanekiso esekelwe kwimifanekiso yayise- The Matrix , apho iqela lingenalo ixesha okanye izixhobo zokubonisa imodeli epheleleyo ye-3D. Benza ulandelelwano lwamanyathelo ngeempawu zekhamera ze-360-degree besebenzisa i-algorithm eguquguqukileyo ukuvumela ukunyakaza kwekhamera ye-3D "eyiyo" ngokusebenzisa iiseti zehlabathi zangempela.
Scanning 3D
Ukukhangela i-3D yindlela yokujonga izinto zehlabathi zangempela xa kuphakanyiswa ubuninzi obuphezulu kakhulu bobugcisa bezithombe. Inqobo yehlabathi (okanye umdlali) ichongiwe, ihlaziywe, kunye nedata eluhlaza (ngokuqhelekileyo i-x, y, i-point point) isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-polygonal okanye i-NURBS. Ukutshekisha kudla ngokusetyenziswa xa kubonakaliswe idijithali ye-real-actor world, njenge-Case Curious yeBenjin Button apho umlingisi okhokelayo (uBrad Pitt) oneminyaka elidala kwiminyaka yonke.
Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe ukhathazeke ngeeskrini ze-3D ezithatha indawo yabaphathi bemveli, cinga ngomzuzwana ukuba ubuninzi bezinto ezizonyanisiweyo kwi-industry yezozonwabisa azikho ezilinganayo zehlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuba siqale sibone i-spaceships, abafokazi, kunye nabalingisi bekhathuni abajikelezayo, bakhuselekile ukuba bacinge ukuba isikhundla se-modeler kwi-CG icandelo mhlawumbi likhuselekile.