Igama
gzip, gunzip, zcat - cindezela okanye wandise iifayile
Isiqendu
gzip [ -acdfhlLnNrtvV19 ] [ -SSixix ] [ igama ... ]
i-gunzip [ -acfhlLnNrtvV ] [ -S suffix ] [ igama ... ]
zcat [ -fhLV ] [ igama ... ]
Inkcazo
I-Gzip iyanciphisa ubukhulu beefayile ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Lempel-Ziv (LZ77). Xa kunokwenzeka, ifayile nganye ithatyathwa yinto enye yokwandiswa .gz , ngelixa igcina iindlela ezifanayo zobunini, ukufikelela nokuguqulwa kwamaxesha. (I-extension extension yi-- gz ye-VMS, i-MSDOS, i-OS / 2 FAT, i-Windows NT FAT kunye ne-Atari.) Ukuba akukho fayile echaziweyo, okanye ukuba igama lefayile "-", ukufakelwa okusemgangathweni kuncinciwe kumgangatho mveliso. I-Gzip izama ukuzama ukunyanzelisa iifayile eziqhelekileyo. Ngokukodwa, liya kuhoxisa izixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso.
Ukuba igama lefayile elixinyiwe lide kakhulu kwindlela yayo yefayili, i- gzip iyinqununu. I-Gzip izama ukulandelela kuphela iifayile zegama lefayile elide kunezinhlamvu ezi-3. (Inxalenye idityaniswe ngamachaphaza.) Ukuba igama linamalungu amancinci kuphela, iindawo ezide kakhulu zinqunywe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba amagama eefayile anqunyelwe kubalinganiswa abayi-14, i-gzip.msdos.exe icinezelwe kwi-gzi.msd.exe.gz. Amagama awanqunywanga kwiinkqubo ezingenalo umda kumgama wegama elide.
Ngokungagqibekanga, i- gzip igcina igama loqobo lwefayile kunye nexesha lesitampu kwifayile ecindezelweyo. Oku kusetyenziswa xa kucacisa ifayile kunye neN- option. Oku kuncedo xa igama lefayile elixinyiwe lixhomekeke okanye xa isitampu sexesha singagcinwa emva kokudluliswa kwefayili.
Iifayile ezixinzelelweyo zingabuyiselwa kwifomu yazo yasekuqaleni usebenzisa i- gzip -d okanye i- gunzip okanye i- zcat. Ukuba igama langaphambili ligcinwe kwifayile ecindezelweyo ayifanelekanga kwinkqubo yayo yefayili, igama elitsha lakhiwa ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuze lenze ngokomthetho.
i-gunzip ithatha uluhlu lweefayili kumgca walo myalelo kwaye ithatha indawo nganye kwifayile egama layo liphela nge .gz, -gz, .z, -z, _z okanye .Z kwaye eqala ngenani elifanelekileyo lomlingo ngefayile engapheliyo ngaphandle kwandisa . i-gunzip ibuye ibuye iqonde izongezo ezikhethekileyo .tgz kunye .taz njengeemfutshane ze .tar.gz kunye .tar.Z ngokulandelanayo. Xa ucindezela, i- gzip isebenzisa isandiso se - .tgz xa kuyimfuneko endaweni yokutsalwa kwefayili kunye nesandiso se - .tar .
i-gunzip ingakwazi ukukhupha iifayile ezidalwa yi- gzip, zip, compress, compress -H okanye ipakethe. Ukufunyanwa kwefom yefom ye-othomathikhi. Xa usebenzisa ii-formats zokuqala ezimbini, i- gunzip ihlola i-32 bit CRC. Iipakethe, i-gunzip ihlola ubude obungapheliyo. Ifom ye- compress standard ayilungiselelwe ukuvumela ukuhlolwa okufanayo. Nangona kunjalo i- gunzip ngamanye amaxesha inako ukubona iifayile ezimbi .Z. Ukuba ufumana iiposiso xa unqakraza ifayile ye .Z , ungacingi ukuba iifayile zeZ .Z zichanekile nje ngenxa yokuba umgangatho ongezantsi ungakhonanga . Oku kuthethwa ukuba umgangatho ongezantsi awuhlolisanga igalelo layo, kwaye ngokuvuyisa uvelisa umbane. I-SCO i-compress -H format (lzh indlela yokunciphisa) ayifaki i-CRC kodwa iphinda ivumeleke ukuhlola okufanayo.
Iifayile ezenziwe nge- zip zingaxinwa yi-gzip kuphela xa zinelungu elinye lixhaswe ngeendlela 'zokuchaswa'. Olu hlobo lujoliswe kuphela ekuncedeni ukuguqulwa kweefayile ze-tar.zip kwifomethi ye-tar.gz. Ukuze ukhiphe iifayile zeefayili ngamalungu amaninzi, sebenzisa unzip esikhundleni se- gunzip.
i-zcat ifana ne- gunzip- c. (Kwezinye iisistimu, i- zcat ingafakwa ifakwe njenge- gzcat ukugcina isiqhagamshelo sokuqala ukucindezela .) I- zcat iyancedisa uluhlu lweefayili kumgca wolawulo okanye ukufakelwa kwayo okuqhelekileyo kwaye ibhala idatha engapheliyo kwimveliso epheleleyo. i-zcat iya kunqakraza iifayile ezineenombolo zomlingo ezichanekileyo ingaba zinesisombululo se .gz okanye cha.
I-Gzip isebenzisa i-algorithm ye-Lempel-Ziv esebenzisa zip kunye ne-PKZIP. Isixa soxinzelelo olutholiwe kuxhomekeke kubukhulu begalelo kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, itekisi efana nekhowudi yomthombo okanye isiNgesi iyancitshiswa ngo-60-70%. Ukunyanzeliswa kubhetele kakhulu kunokuba kuphunyezwe yi-LZW (njengoko isetyenziswe kwi- compress ), i-Huffman coding (njengoko isetyenziswe kwipakethi ), okanye i-Huffman encoding ( compact ) ehambelanayo .
Uxinzelelo luhlala lwenziwa, nangona ifayile exinyiweyo ikhudlwana kuneyona nto yokuqala. Ukunyuka kombango ogqithiseleyo kuyimibhobho embalwa yefayile yefayile ye-gzip, kunye ne-5 bytes nganye kwi-block block engu-32K, okanye umlinganiselo wokwandisa we-0.015% kwiifayile ezinkulu. Qaphela ukuba inani langempela leebhloko zediski ezisetyenziswayo alisoze landa. i-gzip igcina imodi, ubunikazi kunye neesitampu zeefayile xa ucindezela okanye udibanisa.
IMISEBENZI
-a --ascii
Imodi yombhalo we-Ascii: guqula ukuphela kwemigca usebenzisa iindibano zendawo. Olu khetho luxhaswa kuphela kwiinkqubo ezingekho ze Unix. Kwi-MSDOS, i-CR LF iguqulwa ibe yi-LF xa ixilisa, kwaye i-LF iguqulwa kwi-CR LF xa idixress.
-c -stout -to-stdout
Bhala umkhiqizo kwi-output standard; gcina iifayile zangaphambili ezingatshintshiyo. Ukuba kukho iifayile ezininzi zokufakelwa, umphumo uqulethwe ngokulandelelana kwamalungu aqinekileyo. Ukufumana ukunyanzeliswa okungcono, kugxininisa zonke iifayile zenkcazo ngaphambi kokucatshulwa.
-d - decompress --uncompress
Decompress.
-f - ukusebenza
Ukunyanzela amandla okanye ukunciphisa nangona ifayili inezixhumanisi ezininzi okanye ifayile ehambelanayo sele ikhona, okanye ukuba idatha edityanisiweyo ifundwa okanye ibhaliwe kwisigxina. Ukuba idatha yenkcazo ayikho kwifom ebonwe yi- gzip, kwaye ukuba ukhetho - luya kunikwa kwakhona, khuphela idatha yenkcazo ngaphandle kokutshintshela kwi-ouput efanelekileyo: vumela i- zcat ziphathe njengekati. Ukuba -a ayinikiweyo, kwaye xa ingaqhubeki ngasemva, i- gzip iyakhuthaza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifayile ezikhoyo kufuneka zibhalwe.
-h -help
Bonisa iskrini yoncedo uze uyeke.
-l - uluhlu
Kwifayili nganye eqinekileyo, dwelisa ezi zilandelayo:
ubukhulu becala: ubungakanani befayili ecindezelweyo
ubukhulu obungapheliyo: ubungakanani befayili engaxinzekanga
umlinganiselo: umlinganiselo wokunciphisa (0.0% xa ingaziwa)
uncompressed_name: igama lefayili engaxinzekanga
Ubunzima obungaphelelwanga bunikwa njenge--1 kwiifayile ezingekho kwifomethi ye-gzip, njengefom .Zifayile. Ukuze ufumane ubungakanani obungapheliyo kwi fayile, unokusebenzisa:
ifayile ye-zcat.Z | wc -c
Ngokudibanisa ne-optionboverbose, ezi ndawo zilandelayo ziboniswa:
indlela: indlela yokunciphisa
i-crc: i-32-bit CRC yedatha engaxinzekanga
Umhla kunye nexesha: isitampu sesikhathi sefayili engaxinzekanga
Izindlela zokunyanzeliswa ezikhoyo ngoku zixhasayo, zincinci, lzh (SCO compress -H) kunye nepakethi. I-crc inikezwa njengeffffffff kwifayili engekho kwifomethi ye-gzip.
Nge - igama, igama elingapheliyo, umhla kunye nexesha zigcinwe kwifayile ye-compress ukuba kukho.
Nge-offbose, totals size and compression ratio yazo zonke iifayile nazo ziboniswa, ngaphandle kokuba ubuninzi bobunzima bengaziwa. Nge-quiet, isihloko kunye nemigca ye-totals ayibonwanga.
-L -
Bonisa ilayisensi ye- gzip uze uyeke.
-iyigama
Xa ucindezela, ungagcini igama loqobo lwefayile kunye nesitampu sexesha ngokuzenzekelayo. (Igama loqobo lugcinwa ukuba igama lifanele lithathwe iinqununu.) Xa udibanisa, ungabuyiselanga igama lefayile yepayilile ukuba lithetha (susela kuphela i- gzip isigxina kwigama lefayile egxininisiweyo) kwaye ungabuyiki isitembu sokuqala xa ukhona (ikopi yefayili ecindezelweyo). Olu khetho lugqibekanga xa lugqithisa.
-N - igama
Xa ugxininisa, gcina ugcine igama lefayile yokuqala kunye nesitampu sexesha; oku kungagqibekanga. Xa udibanisa, buyisela igama loqobo lwefayile kunye nesitampu sexesha xa ukhona. Olu khetho luluncedo kwiinkqubo ezinomda wegama lefayile elide okanye xa isitampu silahlekile emva kokudluliswa kwefayili.
-q - quiet
Khusela zonke izilumkiso.
-r - acursive
Hambisa ulawulo lwekhowudi ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuba nayiphi na ifayile yeefayile echazwe kumgca womyalelo ngabalawuli, i- gzip iya kwehla kwi-directory kwaye icindezele zonke iifayile ezifumanekayo apho (okanye zidibanise kwimeko ye- gunzip ).
-S .fom - festile .suf
Sebenzisa isixande .suf esikhundleni se .gz. Naliphi na isisombululo singanikwa, kodwa izilwanyana ngaphandle kwe .z kunye .gz kufuneka zigwenywe ukuphepha ukudideka xa iifayili zidluliselwa kwezinye iistim. I-suffix ye-artificial force i-gunzip ukuze uzame ukunganyaniseki kuzo zonke iifayile ezinikezelweyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba isisombululo, njengoko:
i-gunzip -S "" * (*. * ye-MSDOS)
Iinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-gzip zasebenzisa i-suffix .z. Oku kwaguqulwa ukuba kuphephe ukungqubuzana nepakethi (1).
-t - kakhulu
Vavanyo. Hlola inkcenkceshe yefayile.
-v - verbose
Verbose. Bonisa igama kunye nokunciphisa ipesenti kwifayili nganye icinezelekileyo okanye idityaniswe.
-V --version
Version. Bonisa inombolo yenguqu kunye nokhetho lokuqokelela uze uyeke.
- # - engaqinisekanga -
Ukulawula isantya sokunciphisa usebenzisa idijithi ecacisiweyo # , apho -1 okanye -inokubonisa indlela yokucutha ngokukhawuleza (ubuncinci) kunye -9 okanye -best ibonisa indlela yokuncincika ngokukhawuleza. Inqanaba lokunyanzeliswa lokungagqibekanga li- 6 (oko kukuthi, ukunyanzeliswa kukunyanzeliswa okuphezulu ngexabiso lentlawulo).
Ukusetyenziswa Okuphambili
Iifayile ezininzi ezixininisiweyo zingabonakaliswa. Kule meko, i- gunzip izakukhupha onke amalungu ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo:
gzip -c ifayile1> foo.gz
gzip -c fayile2 >> foo.gz
Emva koko
gunzip -c foo
li lingana
ifayile yefayile1 ifayile2
Xa kukho umonakalo kwelinye ilungu lefayile ye .gz, amanye amalungu angasenokufumana kwakhona (ukuba ilungu elilinakalisiweyo lisuswe). Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana uxinzelelo olungcono ngokucwangcisa onke amalungu ngokukhawuleza:
ifayile yekethi1 ifayile2 | gzip> foo.gz
ixinezele ngakumbi
gzip -c file1 ifayile2> foo.gz
Ukuba ufuna ukubuyisela kwakhona iifayile ezixhomekeke kwi-compression, yenza ntoni:
gzip -cd ubudala.gz | gzip> entsha.gz
Ukuba ifayile exinyiweyo inamalungu amaningana, ubungakanani obungaphelelwanga kunye ne-CRC echazwe ngoluhlu lwe -list lusebenza kwilungu lokugqibela kuphela. Ukuba udinga isayizi engaxinzezelwanga kuwo wonke amalungu, unokusebenzisa:
gzip -cd ifayile.gz | wc -c
Ukuba unqwenela ukwakha ifayile enye ye-archive ngamalungu amaninzi ukuze amalungu angadluliswa ngokuzimela, sebenzisa i-archiver njenge-tar okanye i-zip. I- tar ye- GNU isekela i--z inketho yokufaka i-gzip ngokucacileyo. i-gzip iklanyelwe njenge-complement to tar , kungekhona njengokutshintshwa.
BONA KWAKHO
compress (1)
Ifom yefayile ye- gzip ichazwe kwi-P. Deutsch, ifayile yefayile yefayile ye-GZIP ingcaciso 4.3,
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.