Igama
ukulahla - ext2 ifayile yokulondoloza
Isiqendu
[- i fayile ] [- F ifayile ] [- f idilesi ] [- ifayile ] [- f ] ] [- Iimpazamo ze-nr ] [- j inqanaba lokunciphisa ] [- L ilebula ] [- Q fayile ] [- iinyawo ] [- T date ] [- z level compress ]
ukulahla [- W | -w ]
(I-BSD 4.3 inketho ye-syntax isetyenziselwa ukuhambelana ngokulandelelana kodwa ayikho umbhalo apha.)
Inkcazo
Ukulahla kuhlola iifayile kwifayile ye-ext2 kwaye ikhetha ukuba yeyiphi iifayile ezifunekayo zixhaswe. Ezi fayile zikopishwa kwi diski, i-tape okanye enye indawo yokugcina yokugcina ukukhusela (jonga inketho yezantsi apha ukuze wenze i- backups ezikude ). Ukulahla okukhulu kunokuba isiqhamo sesiphumo siphuhliwe sibe yimiqulu eminingi. Kwimijelo yeendaba enkulu ubukhulu bunqunywe ngokubhaliweyo kude kube nokugqitywa kwembonakaliso kwimidiya.
Kwiimidiya ezingenakubuyiselwa ukubuyisela isibonakaliso sokuphela kweendaba (njengamanye amatshini e-cartridge), nganye ivolumu yayizikhulu ezilinganisiweyo; ubungakanani boqobo bunqunywe ngokucacisa imidiya yeekhadiji, okanye ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu beetape, ubuninzi kunye / okanye izithuba zokubalwa kwebhloko ngezansi. Ngokungagqibekanga, igama lefayile yefayile efanayo isetyenziselwa nganye ivolumu emva kokunyusa umsebenzisi ukuba atshintshe imidiya.
iifayile-ukulahla nokuba yipoposti yesistimu okanye uludwe lweefayili kunye neenkcukacha ezixhaswayo njenge-subset yesistimu yefayile. Kwimeko yangaphambili, mhlawumbi indlela eya kwifayile ephakamileyo okanye ifowuni yesistimu engasiswanga ingasetyenziswa. Kwimeko yokugqibela, izithintelo ezithile zifakwa kwi-backup: - uvumelekile, inqanaba lokulahla kuphela elixhaswa yi - 0 kwaye zonke iifayile kunye neenkcukacha kufuneka zihlale kwifayile efanayo.
Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zixhaswa ngu :
-0-9
Amanqanaba okulahla. Inqanaba 0, ukugcina ngokupheleleyo, uqinisekisa ukuba yonke ifayile ifayile ikopi (kodwa yabona kwakhona i- h option apha ngezantsi). Inombolo yecandelo elingaphezulu kwe-0, ukugcinwa kwe-incremental, ixelela ukulahla ukukopisha zonke iifayile ezintsha okanye ziguquliwe ukususela ekugqibeleni kokugqibela kwezinga eliphantsi. Inqanaba elingagqibekanga li-9.
-a
`'ubukhulu bombane' 'Bhuqa zonke izibalo zee-tape ubude, uze ubhale kuze kufike ukugqitywa kwembonakalo. Oku kusebenza ngokusemgangathweni kwimizila yamatope enamhlanje, kwaye yinto engagqibekanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwalolu khetho kunconywa ngokukhethekileyo xa ufaka kwi-tape ekhoyo, okanye usebenzisa i-tape drive kunye ne-compression hardware (apho ungaze uqiniseke ngokumalunga ne-compression ratio).
-Ifayile ye-archive_
Gcina itafile yokulahla kwi- archive_fayile ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokubuyisela (8) ukuchonga ukuba ngaba ifayili ifayile yelahla ebuyiswayo .
-b ibhuloze
Inombolo yeeklobytes kwirekhodi yokulahla. Ekubeni inkqubo ye-I ifake zonke izicelo kwizixhobo ze-MAXBSIZE (ngokuqhelekileyo i-64kB), akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-blocksize enkulu ngaphandle kokuba neengxaki emva kokubuyisela (8). Ngoko ukulahlwa kuya kubambelela kubhala kwi-MAXBSIZE. I-blocksize engagqibekanga ngu-10.
-Iirekhodi
Inombolo ye-1 kB ivimba ngevolumu nganye. Akuqhelekanga ukuba, njengoko ukulahla kunokubona ukuphela kweendaba. Xa ubukhulu obucacisiweyo bufikelelwe, ukulahla kulinda ukuba utshintshe ivolumu. Olu khetho lugqithisela ukubalwa kobukhulu beetape ngokusekelwe ubude nokuxininisa. Ukuba ukuxinwa kukulo mda ubukhulu bezinto ezixinyiweyo kumqulu.
-c
Shintsha okungafaniyo nokusetyenziswa kwebhodi ye-cartridge, kunye ne-8000 bpi, nobude beenyawo ezili-1700. Ukucacisa i-cartridge drive iyaphaya kokufumana ukuphela kweendaba.
-d density
Setha i-tape ukuxininisa kwi- intensity Ubungakanani buyi-1600BPI. Ukucacisa i-tape ukunyaniseka kunokugqithisa ukufumanisa ukuphela kweendaba.
-iyena
Ungabandakanyi iisodes ukusuka ekulahleni. I- parameters ye- inodes yohlu oluhlukileyo lwe-inode yamanani e-inode (ungasebenzisa imimiselo ukufumana inombolo ye-inode kwifayile okanye kwisikhokelo).
-E fayile
Funda uludwe lweenqakrazo ezizakukhutshwa ngaphandle kokulahla kwifayili yefayili yombhalo Ifayili yefayili kufuneka ibe yifayile eqhelekileyo equkethe iinombolo ze-inode ezahlukileyo ngamagama amasha.
-f fayile
Bhala ukugcinwa kwefayili kwifayili ifayile ekhethiweyo njenge / dev / st0 (i-tape drive), / dev / rsd1c ( i floppy disk drive ), ifayile eqhelekileyo, okanye `- '(umgangatho oqhelekileyo). Amagama efayile amaninzi anokunikwa njengengxabano esisodwa eyahlukana ngama-commas. Ifayili nganye iya kusetyenziswa kwivolumu enye yokulahla elandisiweyo; ukuba ukulahla kudinga imiqulu engaphezulu kunani lamagama anikwe, igama lokugqibela lefayile liya kusetshenziselwa yonke imiqulu eseleyo emva kokunyusa ukutshintsha kweendaba. Ukuba igama lefayili yile fomu `` umphathi: ifayile '' okanye `` user @ host: ifayile '' ulahla ubhala kwifayili egqityiweyo kwi-host host kude usebenzisa i-rmt (8). Igama elingagqibekanga lomzila we-remote rmt (8) yinkqubo / etc / rmt oku kunokugqithiswa ngummandla we- RMT
-F script
Yenza iskripthi ekupheleni kwetape nganye. Igama lefowuni kunye nenombolo yokukhupha yamanani idluliselwa kumgca womyalelo. Isikripthi sifanele sibuyele 0 xa ukulahla kufuneka kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokucela umsebenzisi ukuba atshintshe itheyipu, 1 ukuba ukulahla kufuneka kuqhubeke kodwa cela umsebenzisi ukuba atshintshe iteksi. Naliphi na enye ikhowudi yokuphuma iya kubangela ukulahlwa . Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, ukulahla kubuyela kwi-ID yomsebenzisi wangempela kunye ne-ID yangempela ye-ID ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iskripthi.
-i nqanaba
Hlonipha umsebenzisi `` nodump '' iiflegi Dp Dv UF_NODUMP kuphela kwiidumpu okanye ngaphezulu kwezinga eliniweyo Inqanaba lokuhlonipha elingagqibekanga li-1, ukwenjenjalo ukuba ukukhusela okungakumbi ukushiya iifayile ezinjalo kodwa izigcawu ezigciniweyo zigcina.
-Ii mpazamo ze-nr
Ngokungagqibekanga, ukulahla kuya kuhoxisa iipositi ezingama-32 zokufunda kwiifayile ngaphambi kokucela ukungena kumsebenzisi. Ungatshintsha oku usebenzisa le flegi kunoma yiyiphi ixabiso. Oku kuyiluncedo xa ulahla kwisistimu yefayile esebenzayo apho iifayile ezifundwayo zibonisa nje ukungahambelani phakathi kokupaka kunye nokulahla.
-j inqanaba lokunciphisa
Ukunciphisa yonke ibhloko ukuba ibhaliwe kwi-tape usebenzisa ilayibrari ye-bzlib. Olu khetho luya kusebenza kuphela xa ukulahla kwifayile okanye kumbhobho okanye, xa ulahla kwi-tape drive, ukuba i-tape drive ikwazi ukubhala iibhloko ezide. Uzakufuna okungenani i-0.4b24 inguqu yokubuyisela ukuze ukhuphe amateyhini aqinekileyo. Iifayili ezibhaliweyo usebenzisa ukuxinwa aziyi kuhambelana nefomathi ye-BSD. Ipharamitha (ekhethiweyo) ichaza inqanaba lokunciphisa i-bzlib liya kuyisebenzisa. Inqanaba lokunyanzeliswa lokungagqibekanga li-2. Ukuba ipharamitha ekhethiweyo icacisiwe, akufuneki kubekho indawo emhlophe phakathi kweleta yokukhetha kunye neparameter.
-k
Sebenzisa i- Kerberos ukuqinisekiswa ukuthetha kumaseva athawuli kude. (Kufumaneka kuphela ukuba le khetho inikwe amandla xa ukuhlenga kuqulunqwe.)
-Libhile
Ileta yocatshulwa yombhalo enikezelwa ngumsebenzisi ifakwe kwisihloko sokulahla, apho izixhobo ezifana nokubuyisela (8) kunye nefayili (1) ingafikelela kuyo. Qaphela ukuba eli bhile likhawulelwe ukuba luninzi lweLBLSIZE (okwangoku iibali 16), ezimele zibandakanye ukuphela '\ 0'
-m
Ukuba le flegi ibonisiwe, ukulahla kuya kuphucula umgangatho wokuba iziqalo zitshintshiwe kodwa zingaguqukiyo ukususela ekugqibeleni kokugqibela ('kutshintshile' kunye 'nokuguqulwa' kunentsingiselo ichazwe kumthetho (2)). Kwalawo maqhinga, ukulahla kuya kugcina kuphela imethadatha, endaweni yokugcina yonke into engenayo. Iimpawu ezinoba zikhokelo okanye ziye zaguqulwa ukususela ekugqibeleni kokugqibela ukugcinwa ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweflegi kufuneka kuhambelane, nto leyo ithetha ukuba yonke ilahleko kwisitethi sokulahla esongeziweyo ineflegi, okanye akukho mntu unayo.
Iifayili ezibhaliweyo zisebenzisa 'imetadatha kuphela' ziyi-inodes aziyi kuhambelana nefomathi ye-BSD okanye iinguqu zokudala zokubuyisela.
-M
Nika amandla inxalenye yevolumu. Igama elichazwe nge- f lithathwa njengesiqalo sokuqala kunye nokulahla kubhala ngokulandelelana kwi-001, 002 njl njl. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa ulahlwa kwiifayile kwi-ext2 partition, ukwenzela ukugqithisa ukulinganiswa kwefayile ye-2GB.
-n
Nanini na ukulahla kudinga ukunakwa kwe-opharetha, yazise bonke abasebenzisi kwiqela `` opharetha '' ngeendlela ezifana nodonga (1).
-q
Yenza ukulahlwa ngokukhawuleza xa kunikwa i-intanethi, ngaphandle kokuphambuka xa kukho iimpazamo zokubhala, utshintsho lweetape njl.
-Q ifayile
Nika amandla inkxaso yeFayile yokuFikelela ngokukhawuleza . Izikhundla zeTape kwi-inode nganye zigcinwe kwifayili yefayili esetyenziswa ngokubuyisela (ukuba ibizwa ngeParameter Q kunye negama lefayile) ukubeka ngokukhawuleza iteksi kwifayile yokubuyisela okwamanje isebenza. Oku kusindisa iiyure xa ubuyisela iifayile ezingatshatanga kwii-backups ezinkulu, igcina iitope kunye nentloko ye-drive.
Kunconywa ukusetha umqhubi we-st ukubuyisela izikhundla ezinobunono kunokuba ube ngumzimba ngaphambi kokubiza ukulahlwa / ukubuyisela kunye neparameter Q. Kuba akubona zonke iifowuni zixhasa izikhundla zeteksi zomzimba ezo zixhobo zibuyisela impazamo ngexesha lokulahla / ukubuyisela xa umqhubi womqhubi isetyenziswe kwisimo esingagqibekanga somzimba. Nceda ubone iphepha lomntu wesigxina, ukhetho lwe-MTSETDRVBUFFER, okanye iphepha lomntu we-mt, malunga nendlela yokumisa umqhubi ukuba abuyisele izikhundla ezinobunono.
Ngaphambi kokubiza ukubuyiswa kunye neparameter Q, qho qiniseka ukuba umqhubi wesetya usethe ukubuyisela uhlobo olufanayo lwesimboli esetyenzisiweyo ngexesha locingo lokulahla. Ngaphandle koko ukubuyisela kungadideka.
Olu khetho lunokusetyenziswa xa ulahla kwiikhephe zendawo (jonga ngasentla) okanye kwiifayile zendawo.
-iinyawo
Zama ukubala inani leetape ezifunekayo kwindawo ethile. Ukuba le mali igqityiwe, ukulahla kuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Kunconywa ukuba kube lukhuseleko kule khetho. Ubude obude beetape buyi-2300 iinyawo. Ukucacisa ubungakanani beetape ngaphezu kokufumanisa ukuphela kweendaba.
-S
Umlinganiselo wokulinganisa. Qinisekisa inani lezithuba ezifunekayo ukwenza ukulahlwa ngaphandle kokwenza oko, kwaye ubonise inani eliqikelelweyo leetes eliza kuthatha. Oku kuncedo ngokunyuka kwamanqaku ukucacisa ukuba zingaphi iindidi zeendaba eziza kufuneka.
-Nomhla
Sebenzisa umhla ochaziweyo njengethuba lokuqala lokulahla endaweni yexesha elinqunywe ukusuka ekujonge / / etc / dumpdates Ifomathi yosuku ifana neyo-ctime (3). Olu khetho luncedo kwizikripthi zokulahlwa ngokuzenzekelayo ezinqwenela ukulahla ngexesha elithile. Inketho ye- T ihlangene ngokukhethekileyo kwi-o khetho.
-u
Hlaziya ifayile / njl / iifomdates emva kokulahlwa ngempumelelo. Ifomathi ye / etc / dumpdates ifundwa ngabantu, equkethe irekhodi enye yamahhala ngomgca ngamnye: igama lefayile yefayile , inqanaba lokunyusa kunye nexesha lokuhlenga ifomathi (3). Kukho inye kuphela yokungena kwifayile yefayili kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ifayile / njl / i-dumpdates ingatshintshwa ukutshintsha nayiphi na indawo, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
-W
Ukulahla kuxela umsebenzisi ukuba yeyiphi iifayile zefayile ezifunekayo. Le ngcaciso iqokelelwa kwiifayile / njl / i-dumpdates kunye / etc / fstab I- W ikhetho ibangela ukulahla ukuprinta, kuba zonke iifayile zefayile / / etc / dumpdates kunye neefayile ezigciniweyo kwifayile / etc / fstab usuku lokugqibela lokulahla kunye kwinqanaba, kwaye ugxininisa abo kufuneka balahlwe. Ukuba i- W ikhethiweyo isetyenziswe, zonke ezinye iinketho zinyanzelwanga, kwaye ukulahla kuphuma ngokukhawuleza.
-w
Ufana ne- W kodwa iprint kuphela iifayile zeefayile kwi / / etc / fstab ezifunekayo ukulahlwa.
-z inqanaba lokunciphisa
Ukunciphisa zonke iibhloko ezibhalwa kwi-tape usebenzisa ilayibrari ye-zlib. Olu khetho luya kusebenza kuphela xa ukulahla kwifayile okanye kumbhobho okanye, xa ulahla kwi-tape drive, ukuba i-tape drive ikwazi ukubhala iibhloko ezide. Uzakufuna okungenani i-0.4b22 inguqu yokubuyisela ukuze ukhuphe amateyhini aqinekileyo. Iifayili ezibhaliweyo usebenzisa ukuxinwa aziyi kuhambelana nefomathi ye-BSD. Ipharamitha (ekhethiweyo) ichaza inqanaba lokunciphisa i-zlib liya kusebenzisa. Inqanaba lokunyanzeliswa lokungagqibekanga li-2. Ukuba ipharamitha ekhethiweyo icacisiwe, akufuneki kubekho indawo emhlophe phakathi kweleta yokukhetha kunye neparameter.
Ukulahla kudinga ukungenelela kumqhubi kule miqathango: ekupheleni kwetheyipu, ekupheleni kokulahlwa, impazamo yokubhalwa kwetape, impazamo evulekile okanye idiski efundwayo (ukuba kukho ngaphezu kwembombo yeziphene ze-nr). Ukongezelela ukuxwayisa bonke abaqhubi ababhekiselelwe ngundoqo, ukulahla kudibaniselwano nomqhubi kwisigqeba sokulawula ukulahla ngezinye izihlandlo xa ukulahlwa kusenakuqhubeka, okanye ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Yonke imibuzo yokulahla imele iphendulwe ngokuthayipha `` ewe '' okanye `` no '' ngokufanelekileyo.
Ekubeni ukwenza ulahleko kubandakanya ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu wokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo, ukulahla iindawo zokutshekisha ngokwayo ekuqaleni kwevolumu yomthamo. Ukuba ubhala ukuba umthamo usweleka isizathu esithile, ukulahlwa kuya kuthi, kunye nemvume yomqhubi, uqalise ngokwakho kwi-checkpoint emva kokuba itheyipu elidala liphinde litshintshwe kwaye lisuswe, kwaye i-tape entsha ikhutshwe.
Ukulahla kuxela umqhubi oko kwenzekayo ngexesha elide, kubandakanywa ukuqikelelwa okuphantsi kwenani leebhloko ukubhalwa, inani leetope liza kuthatha, ixesha lokugqiba, kunye nexesha lokutshintsha kwetape. Isiphumo senzekile, ukuze abanye bazi ukuba i-dam control control stop busy, kwaye iya kuba yithuba elithile.
Xa kwenzeka isiganeko sediski esiyingozi, ixesha elifunekayo lokubuyisela zonke iifowuni zokulondoloza ezifunekayo okanye iifayile kwi diski zingagcinwa ubuncinci ngokugqithisa ukulahla kweempawu. Indlela efanelekileyo yokuchithwa kwamanani okunciphisa ukunciphisa inani lamateyiphu alandelayo:
- Njalo qalisa nge-backup level 0, umzekelo: / sbin / deump -0u -f / dev / st0 / usr / src Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha elimiselweyo, itsho kanye ngenyanga okanye emva kweenyanga ezimbini, Iipompo ezitsha ezigcinwa ngonaphakade.
- Emva kwinqanaba le-0, iifom yeefayile ezisebenzayo zithathwa imihla ngemihla, zisebenzisa i-Tower of Hanoi algorithm, ngokulandelelaniswa kwamanqanaba okulahla: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ... Kwiindawo zokuhamba kwansuku zonke, kufuneka kube nokusetyenziswa kwenani elingagqibekanga lamateyipi ngosuku, isetyenziswe ngeveki. Iveki nganye, inkunkuma ye-level 1 ithathwa, kwaye ukulandelelana kweHanoi imihla ngemihla kuphinda kuqale nge-3. Ukudiliza ngeveki, elinye isethi ehleliweyo yamateyipu ngokuchithwa kwenkqubo yefayili isetyenzisiweyo, kwakhona kwi-cyclical basis.
Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa okanye kunjalo, iikhephe zemihla ngemihla kunye neveki zifanele zijikeleze ngaphandle komjikelezo wokulahla kunye neetampu ezitsha ezifakwe kuyo.
BONA KWAKHO
rmt (8)
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.