Amagama eseva 13 ngumqobo we IPv4
Iifayile zegama le-root ye- DNS iguqulela ii-URL kumakheli e- IP . Ezi ncedisi zengcambu zinxibelelwano zamakhulu amavava kumazwe ehlabathini lonke. Nangona kunjalo, ndawonye bachongwa njengama-server athile angama-13 kummandla wengcambu ye-DNS.
Kukho izizathu ezimbalwa ze-Intanethi yegama leSiza leNdawo isebenzisa i- server eyi-13 ye- DNS kwisiseko solawulo lwayo: Inombolo 13 ikhethwe njengengqinisiso phakathi kokuthembeka kwenethwekhi kunye nokusebenza, kwaye isekelwe kwisithintelo se- Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) inguqulo 4 (IPv4).
Ngoxa i-DNS kuphela i-DNS yamagama angama-root root asekhona kwi-IPv4, eqinisweni, ngalinye lala magama alimeli ikhompyutha enye kodwa kunokuba iqela le-server elinamakhompyutha amaninzi. Ukusebenzisa ukuqokelela kwandisa ukunyaniseka kwe-DNS ngaphandle kwefuthe elibi kumsebenzi walo.
Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho we-IP wesandululo 6 okhulayo awunayo imida ephantsi efana nobukhulu bomdatha othile, sinokulindela i-DNS ezayo, ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha, iqukethe iinkonzo ezininzi ezincedisayo ukuxhasa i-IPv6.
Iipakethe zePD IP
Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza kweDNS kuncike kwizigidi zamanye amaseva e-intanethi ukufumana iinkonzo zengcambu nganoma naliphi ixesha, iadresi zeenkonzo zenkcazo kufuneka zihanjiswe kwi-IP ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni. Eyona nto, zonke idilesi ze-IP kufuneka zifake kwiipakethi enye ( datagram ) ukuphepha ukugqithisa ukuthumela imiyalezo emininzi phakathi kwamaseva.
Ku-IPv4 ekusebenziseni ngokubanzi namhlanje, idatha ye-DNS engakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwipakethi enye ifana ne-512 bytes emva kokukrazula zonke iinkcukacha ezisekelayo zeprothothi eziqulethwe kwiipakethi. Idilesi nganye ye-IPv4 idinga i-32 bytes. Ngako oko, abaqulunqi be-DNS bakhetha i-13 njengenani leenkonzo ze-IPv4, ezithatha ii-bytes ezingama-416 zepakethe kwaye ziye zafika kuma-96 byte zenye idatha ezisekelayo kunye nokuguquguquka ukufaka ezinye iiseva ezincinci kwi-DNS xa zifuneka. A
Usetyenziso lweDNS
Iifayile zegama le-root ye-DNS ayikho into ebalulekileyo kumsebenzisi wekhomputha. Inani le-13 alinakucineli iinkonzo ze-DNS ongazisebenzisa kumadivayisi akho. Enyanisweni, kukho ezininzi iinkonzo ze-DNS ezifikelela kuluntu apho umntu angasebenzisa ukutshintsha ii-server zeDNS ukuba nayiphi na yezixhobo zazo zisebenzisa.
Umzekelo, unokwenza ithebhulethi yakho isebenzise iseva ye-Cloudfare DNS ukwenzela ukuba i-intanethi yakho iqhube isebenzisa idilesi ye-DNS endaweni yeyohlukeneyo njenge-Google. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa umncedisi weGoogle ehla okanye ufumanisa ukuba unokukhangela i-web ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa iseva ye-DNS ye-Cloudfare.