Iimveliso ezintle zivumela ukuba ulandelelanise iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwewindi iwindi, kwikhompyutha yakho ekhona. Ubuhle be-software ye-VM kukuba unokuqhuba umzekelo we-Windows kwi-MacOS okanye ngokuphambene nenye, kunye nenombolo yezinye iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-OS eziquka i-Chrome OS, i-Linux, i-Solaris kunye nokunye.
Xa usebenzisa isofthiwe ye-VM esekelwe kwisicelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hypervisor, inkqubo yekhompyutheni yekhompyutheni iqhutshwa ngokubhekiselele kumphathi. Inkqubo yesibini yokusebenza eqhutyelwa ngaphakathi kwi-VM interface idla ngokuba yindwendwe.
Nangona ezinye iinkqubo zokuqhuba iindwendwe ezinjenge-Windows zidinga ukuthengwa kwekhiye eyongezelelweyo yelayisenisi, amanye atholakala ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwe-Linux kunye ne-macOS, ekucingeni ukuba usebenza kwi-hardware ye-Mac ukususela ngo-2009 okanye emva koko.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusebenzisa i-macOS kumashishini angabonakaliyo kwi-hardware ye-Mac, njenge-Windows PC, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi zesofthiwe ezidweliswe ngezantsi ziquka i-Oracle VirtualBox. Nangona kunjalo, ii-macOS zijoliswe kuphela ukuba ziqhutywe kwi-hardware ye-Apple kwaye ngokwenza okunye akunako kuphela ukuphulwa kwemvumelwano yelayisenisi ye-macOS kodwa amava omsebenzisi uvame ukuphuza, i-buggy kunye nelungelo elingenakulinganiswa.
Ngezantsi zikhona ezinye izicwangciso zekhompyutheni ezibonakalayo ezilungileyo, ngasinye sizinikezela isethi kunye neepatile ezihambelanayo.
01 ngo-06
VMware Workstation
Kwiminyaka engama-20 kwimarike, i-VMware Workstation idlalwa njengowomgangatho weshishini xa kuziwa kwizicelo zomatshini ezichanekileyo - kunye nemisebenzi yayo eqinileyo ebandakanya ububanzi obubanzi bokufunwa kwemigangatho.
I-VMware Workstation ivumela izixazululo eziphambili ze-3D ngokuxhasa i- DirectX 10 kunye ne-OpenGL 3.3, ukususa ukuchithwa komfanekiso kunye nevidiyo ngaphakathi kwe-VMs zakho nangona usebenzisa i-application-intensive applications. Isofthiwe inika imimiselo evulekileyo yomshini, ukunika amandla okubini ukudala nokuqhuba ii-VMs kumthengisi okhuphisanayo ngaphakathi kwemveliso yeVMware.
Izixhobo zayo zokunxibelelana ngeenkonzo zinika amandla okusetha nokulawula amanxibelelwano amaninzi kwii-VMs, ngelixa iifolthi zedatha epheleleyo zedatha zingenziwa kwaye ziphunyezwe xa i-VMware idibaniswe nezixhobo zenkampani yesithathu-ngokuyisiseko ikhupha i- DC .
I-VMware i-snapshots ikuvumela ukuba ubeke amanqaku ahlukeneyo wokuvavanya, kwaye inkqubo yayo yokwenza i-cloning yenza ukuba iimeko ezininzi ze-VM ifana nomoya-moya-ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kweefayile ezizimeleyo okanye iinkcukacha ezixhunyiwe ezixhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuzama ukugcina uphawu oluphawulekayo isixa sendawo yocingo.
Iphakheji idibanisa kunye ne-vSphere, iqonga le-VMware elisekelwe efini, okubangela ukulawulwa lula kwazo zonke ii-VM kwiziko lwedatha lenkampani yakho kude kude nomshini wakho wendawo.
Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zesicelo, uMdlali weWindows, kunye neMisebenzi yeProgram, yangaphambili ikhoyo ngaphandle kwentlawulo.
Umdlali uyakuvumela ukuba wenze iiVM ezintsha kwaye uxhasa ama-operation angaphezu kwama-200 asebenzayo. Ikwavumela kwakhona ukwabelana ngefayile phakathi komphathi kunye neendwendwe kwaye ibonakalisa yonke inzuzo echazwe ngasentla, kwakunye nenkxaso yee- 4K zokubonisa .
Xa iinguqulelo yamahhala iphela, ngenxa yeyona nto ininzi, xa ifika kwi-VMware yokusebenza ephakamileyo njengokuba isebenza ngaphezu kwe-VM enye ngexesha kwaye kufinyeleleke kwiininzi zamakhono akhankanywe apha ngasentla njengokwenza i-cloning, i-snapshots, kunye ne-networking complex.
Kule mpawu, kwakunye nokudala nokulawula uomatshini obuchanekileyo obunokubakho, kufuneka uzuze i-VMware Workstation Pro. Umdlali wokuSebenzi uvinjelwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo, ngoko ke amashishini abheke ukusebenzisa isofthiwe soMsebenzi kulindeleke ukuba athenge ilayisenisi enye okanye ngaphezulu kwePro xa ezimisele ukusebenzisa isicelo ngaphandle kwexesha lokuvavanya.
Ukuphuculwa ukusuka kwiMdlali ukuya kwiPro ngezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokuxhaswa kufakelwe ukubiza i-$ 99.99, kunye namanye amaphakheji atholakalayo kulabo abathengisa ilayisenisi ezilishumi okanye ngaphezulu.
Iyahambelana namaqonga alandelayo:
- Uninzi lwabelo lwe-Linux
- Windows 7 nangaphezulu (64-bit kuphela)
- Windows Server 2008 R2 nangaphezulu
02 we-06
VMware Fusion
Ukulethwa kuwe ngabantu abanjalo abadala i-VMware Workstation ye-Linux kunye ne-Windows, iifutha ze-Fusion yintoni efana namava afana nawo asebenzayo kwi-platform ye-Mac.
Akungafani ne-VMware Workstation, iprogram yesiqhelo sesofthiwe ikhululekile kwaye ijoliswe ekusebenziseni izinto kuphela xa i-Fusion Pro ingathengwa ngeenjongo zoshishino okanye abantu abafuna ukufikeleleka kwiisethi eziphambili.
Inemisebenzi ethile ye-Mac, efana nokuxhaswa kwee-5K iMac zokuboniswa kunye ne- retina exutywe kunye ne-non retina. I-Fusion iquka iModeli yoBumbano, efihla i-desktop yedeskithophu yeWindows kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uqalise kwaye usebenze izicelo zeWindows ngqo ukusuka kwiDock yakho ngokungathi zizalwe kwi-macOS.
Zomibini iinguqulelo zamahhala kunye ezihlawulelwayo zeFusion ziya kunika ithuba lokusebenzisa iWindows kwiSahlulo sakho seBoot njenge-guest guest VM, ukuphelisa isidingo sokuqalisa kwakhona xa ufuna ukutshintsha kwakhona.
Iyahambelana namaqonga alandelayo:
- i-MacOS / OS X 10.9 nangaphezulu
03 we-06
I-Oracle VM VirtualBox
Okokuqala kukhutshwa ngo-2007, lo mgcini-mboleko ovulekileyo ufumaneka kokusetyenziswa kwekhaya kunye nokushishino ngaphandle kwentlawulo phantsi kwelayisensi yeGPLv2.
I-VirtualBox isekela uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokusebenza zeendwendwe, uluhlu olubonisa zonke iinguqulelo ze-Windows ezivela kwi-XP ukuya kwi-10 kunye ne-Windows NT kunye ne-Server 2003. Kukuvumela ukuba usebenze iiVM kunye ne-Linux 2.4 nangaphezulu, uSolaris kunye ne-OpenSolaris ukongezelela OpenBSD. Unikwe inketho yokubuyisela iwashi kwaye usebenzise i-OS / 2 okanye i-DOS / Windows 3.1, nokuba iinjongo ze-nostalgic okanye udlale ezinye zezintandokazi zakho ezindala njengeLwandle okanye i-Pool of Radiance kwimimandla yazo.
Unokuphinda usebenze i-MacOS kwi-VM usebenzisa i-VirtualBox, nangona oku kuya kusebenza kuphela ukuba inkqubo yakho yokusingatha impi iphinda i-Mac. Oku kubangelwa kukuba i-Apple ayivumeli ukuba inkqubo yabo yokusebenza isebenze kwi-hardware engekho ye-Apple. Oku kuyimeko yokufakwa kwe-macOS efanelekileyo, kwaye isebenza xa usebenzisa i-OS kwisisombululo seVM.
I-VirtualBox isekela amandla okuqhuba iifestile ezininzi zeendwendwe ngethuba linye kwaye libonelela ngezinga lokuphatheka apho i-VM edalwe kwintlanganiso enye ingadluliselwa kwenye into enokuthi isebenzise inkqubo eyahlukileyo.
Iyakwazi ukuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo kwi-hardware endala, iyakwazi iifowuni ze-USB kwaye inika ilayibrari ewusizo yeZongezelelo zeeNdwendwe ezifumaneka mahhala kwaye kulula ukuyifaka. Ezi zinto zongeziweyo ziquka ukukwazi ukuhambisa iifayile kunye neqhotyoshelweyo kwiinkqubo zokusebenza, i-3D virtualization kunye nolunye uncedo lwevidiyo olongezelelweyo ukunciphisa iingxaki ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kunye neziboniso kwi-VM.
Iwebhusayithi yemveliso inikeza izifundo ezininzi ezintle kwaye zilula ukulandelelana kunye nesethi yamashishini angqalileyo ayakhelwe ngaphambili, okwenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zophuhliso.
Ukuxhamla uluntu olusakhulayo lonophuhliso olusasaza ukukhutshwa olutsha ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neforam esebenzayo yokusebenza kunye namalungu angama-100,000 abhalisiweyo, irekhodi lomkhondo wonke we-VirtualBox kodwa uqinisekisa ukuba iya kuqhubeka ukuphucula nokusebenza njengesisombululo seVM eside.
Iyahambelana namaqonga alandelayo:
- Uninzi lweeLuxux
- i-MacOS / OS X 10.9 nangaphezulu
- I-Solaris 10 (U10 +) nangaphezulu
- Windows Vista SP1 +, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10
04 we-06
Desktop Desktop
Ixesha elide elizithandayo lama-Mac abanomdla abathile bafuna ukuqhuba iiWindows, ukufana kufaka amandla okungaqhubeki ukuqhuba izicelo zeWindows ne-Mac ngasecaleni.
Ngokusekelwe kusetyenziso oluphambili lweWindows, nokuba luyilo, uphuhliso, umdlalo wezemidlalo, okanye enye into, ukufanisana kulungiselela inkqubo kunye nezixhobo ze-hardware kumava e-Windows edla ukuba ngathi ukhona kwi-PC yangempela.
Ukufanisana kunika iinkalo ezininzi ezinokulindela kwimveliso ekhokhelwayo ye-VM, kunye nabanye abaninzi kwi-Mac ezifana nokukwazi ukuvula iiwebhsayithi kwi-IE okanye kwi-Edge ngqo kwi-browser yakho ye-Safari kunye nezilwanyana ze-Windows ezibonisa kwi- Mac Notification Centre . Iifayile zinokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokusebenza, kunye nawo wonke umxholo we-clipboard. Kwakhona kufakwe ukufana ukunikezelwa kwendawo yokugcina ifu engabelana kuzo zombini ii-macOS kunye ne-Windows.
Ukungaqondi kakuhle ngokuphathelele ukufanisana kukuba kunokusetyenziswa kuphela kwiWindows kwi-VM yeendwendwe, ngelixa likuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-Chrome OS, iLuxux kunye neyesibini kwe-macOS.
Kukho iinguqu ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokufana ezikhoyo, ngasinye sifanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli abathile. Inkcazelo eyintloko ijolise abo batshintshela kwi-PC ukuya kwi-Mac okokuqala, kunye nomsebenzisi wansuku zonke onesidingo sokusebenzisa izicelo ze-Windows rhoqo. Iqukethe i-toolset eyisiseko kunye ne-8GB ye-VRAM kunye ne-4 vCPUs kwi-VM nganye yeendwendwe kunye neendleko zexesha elilodwa le-$ 79.99.
Inkqubo yoPhulo, ejoliswe kubaphuhlisi beprojekthi, abahloli kunye nabanye abasebenzisi bamandla, badibanisa ne-Microsoft Visual Studio ngokungezelela kwezinye iid eyaziwayo ze-dev kunye ne-QA ezifana neJenkins. I-imeyile ye-Round-clock kunye nenkxaso yefowuni inikezelwa, kunye neethuluzi eziphambili zokunxibelelana kunye nekhono lokusebenzisa iinkonzo zefu zezorhwebo. Nge-64GB vRAM kunye ne-16 vCPU nganye ye-VM, i-Parallels Desktop Pro Edition ifumaneka kwi-99.99 ngemali.
Ekugqibeleni kodwa ngokukona kuncinci yi-Business Edition, equka konke oku ngasentla kunye nezixhobo zokulawula kunye neendlela zokulawula kunye nencoko yelayisenisi yemvume evumela ukuba uqhube kwaye ulawule iziganeko ezifanako kuwo onke amasebe nemibutho. Iindleko eziqhelekileyo zodidi lwe-Desktop Business Edition ixhomekeke kwinani leelayisensi zokuhlala ozifunayo.
Iyahambelana namaqonga alandelayo:
- i-MacOS / OS X 10.10 nangaphezulu
05 ka 06
QEMU
I-QEMU isoloko i-hypervisor ekhethiweyo kubasebenzisi baseLinux, ngokusekelwe kwithegi yayo yentengo ye-zero-dollar kunye nezixhobo zokuqhelanisa ezipheleleyo ze-system. I-emulator yomthombo ovulekileyo ifanisa uluhlu olumangalisayo lwezixhobo ze-hardware, ngokusebenzisa inguqulelo enamandla yokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukusebenza koomatshini obuchanekileyo be-KVM xa usebenzisa i-QEMU njenge-virtualzer kungabangela ukuba kusetyenziswe ukusetyenziswa kwezinga eliphezulu kwi-hardware, okwenza ukuba ubalekele ukuba usebenzisa i-VM.
Amalungelo okulawula ayimfuneko kuphela kwiimeko ezithile nge-QEMU, njengokuba kufuneka ufikelele kwiidivayisi zakho ze-USB ngaphakathi kwe-VM yeendwendwe. Oku kuluhlu oluthile ngelolu hlobo lwesofthiwe, ukongeza ukunyaniseka kwendlela ongayisebenzisa ngayo.
Ukwakha ngokwezifiso ze-QEMU kuye kwadalwa i-MacOS kunye ne-Windows, nangona uninzi lwesiseko sayo somsebenzisi ludinga ukuba neebhokisi ze-Linux njengommkeli wazo.
Iyahambelana namaqonga alandelayo:
- Uninzi lweeLuxux
- i-MacOS (OS X 10.7 okanye ngaphezulu) nge-homebrew umphathi wephakheji
- I-32-bit Windows ne-64-bit Windows
06 we-06
Imishini eQinisekayo yamafu
Okwangoku siye saxubusha ubuhle kunye nokuxhamla kwesicelo esisekelwe kumashishini angasese esekelwe kwi-platform. Njengokuba kukho ubugcisa obuninzi, iinkampani ezininzi ezinjenge-Amazon, i-Google kunye ne-Microsoft zithathile ingcamango ye-VMs kunye neziganeko zeconta kwifu, ekuvumela ukuba ufikelele kude uomatshini obuchanekileyo obanjelwe kumaseva.
Eminye ngokwenene ihlawulwa ngcaciso emfutshane, ikuvumela ukuba uyihlawule kuphela ixesha eliyifunayo, ngelixa abanye bavumela amanethiwekhi amanqanaba apheleleyo ukuba ayenzelwe, adalwe kwaye ahlanganyelwe kwiiseva ezisekelwe ngamafu.