Isingeniso kwi-software yontanga kunye noonxibelelwano
Ukunxibelelana kwe-P2P kuye kwavelisa umdla omkhulu kwihlabathi phakathi kwabaqhubi be-intanethi kunye nabaqeqeshi bee-computer. Iinkqubo zeprojekthi zeP2P ezifana neKazaa kunye neNapster kwisikhundla esiphambili kwizicelo zesofthiwe ezidumileyo. Amashishini amaninzi kunye neeWebhsayithi zikhuthaze iteknoloji "yoontanga" ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi.
Nangona sele bekhona iminyaka emininzi, ubuchwephesha be-P2P bathembisa ukuguqula ngokusisigxina ikamva lokunxibelelana.
I-software ye-F2P yokwabelana ngefayile idale ukuphikisana okukhulu ngokusemthethweni nokusetyenziswa okulungileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingcali azivumelani kwiinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zeP2P kunye ngqo nendlela eya kuguquka ngayo kwixesha elizayo.
IiNethwekhi zontanga zontanga
Isiqulatho seP2P ngokuqinisekileyo simelela oontanga . I-Webopedia ichaza i-P2P njenge:
Uhlobo lwenethiwekhi apho isithuba ngasinye somsebenzi sinamakhono kunye neemfanelo ezilinganayo. Oku kwahluke kwiinkqubo zabaxhasi / abaxhasi, apho ezinye iikhomputha zinikezelwe ukukhonza abanye.
Le nkcazo ithatha intsingiselo yendabuko yokunxibelelanisa oontanga. Iikhomputha kwi-intanethi yontanga-ntanga zihlala zihlala ziphathane ngokomzimba kwaye ziqhuba iinkqubo ezifanayo zokunxibelelanisa ne-software. Ngaphambi kokuba inethwekhi yasekhaya ibe yintando, amashishini amancinci kuphela kunye nezikolo ezakhelwe amanethiwekhi amaninzi.
Iintanethi Zontanga
Uninzi lwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni ekhaya namhlanje amanxibelelwano oontanga.
Abasebenzisi beendawo zokuhlala baqwalasela iikhompyutyana zabo kwiinkampani zontanga ukuze bavumele ukwabelana kweefayile , abashicileli kunye nezinye izixhobo ngokulinganayo phakathi kwazo zonke izixhobo. Nangona enye ikhomputha inokusebenza njengomncedisi wefayili okanye iseva yefeksi nganoma naliphi ixesha, ezinye iikhomputha zekhaya zihlala zikwazi ukwenza okufanayo.
Bobabini iinethiwekhi zomhlaba ezicwangcisiweyo kunye ezingenazintambo zifanelekile njengendawo yokujonga oontanga. Abanye bangatsho ukuba ukufakwa kwendlela yomnxeba okanye ifowuni efana neyona ndawo ichaza ukuba intanethi ayisekho oontanga. Ukususela kwinqanaba lokujonga, oku kuchanekile. I- router ijoyina nje umnatha wekhaya kwi-Intanethi ; ayitshintshi ngokwayo ukuba izixhobo ezinxibelelwano zikwabelwana njani.
Iifayile Zokwabelana ngeFayile yeP2P
Xa abaninzi abantu beva i-P2P yegama, abakucingi ngamanethiwekhi angokontanga, kodwa kunokuba bafumane iifayili zontanga kwi-Intanethi . Iifayile zokwabelana ngefayile ze-P2P ziye zaba yiklasi elithandwa kakhulu kwi-intanethi kule minyaka elishumi.
Inethwekhi ye-P2P isebenzisa iinkqubo zophando kunye nokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphaya kwe- Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) . Ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi ye-P2P, abasebenzisi bakhuphela kwaye bafake isicelo esifanelekileyo somxhasi we-P2P.
Unxibelelwano oluninzi lwee-P2P kunye neefayile zeP2P zikhoyo. Ezinye izicelo ze-P2P zisebenza kuphela kwinethiwekhi eyodwa ye-P2P, ngelixa abanye basebenzisana nomnatha. Ngokufanayo, amanye amanethiwekhi aseP2P axhasa isicelo esisodwa kuphela, ngelixa ezinye zixhasa izicelo ezininzi.
Ziziphi iiP2P Software Applications?
Inkcazo enhle yeprojekthi yeP2P yaceciswa nguDave Winer weWindowsLand software kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo xa i-P2P ibe yinto yokuqala. UDave uphakamisa ukuba izicelo ze-software ze-P2P ziquka ezi ziimpawu eziyisixhenxe eziphambili:
- Umsebenzisi uqhagamshelwano lusebenza ngaphandle kwesiphequluli sewebhu
- iikhomputha kule nkqubo inokusebenza njengabaxumi kunye namaseva
- isofthiwe kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuhlanganiswa kakuhle
- Isicelo sibandakanya izixhobo zokuxhasa abasebenzisi abafuna ukudala umxholo okanye ukongeza umsebenzi
- isicelo senza uxhumano nabanye abasebenzisi
- isicelo senza into entsha okanye inomdla
- isofthiwe isekela "i-cross-network" iiprotokholi ezifana ne-SOAP okanye i- XML-RPC
Kulo mbono wanamhlanje we-computer ukuya kwelinye ilanga, amanethiwekhi e-P2P atyula kwi-intanethi yonke, kungekhona nje inethiwekhi yommandla wengingqi (LAN) . Izicelo ze-software ze-P2P ezilula ukuyisebenzisa zivumela ukuba zombini ii-geek kunye nabantu abangaqhelekanga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba.
Kazaa, Napster kunye ne-More P2P Software Applications
Inkqubo yokuqala yefayile yeFayile yeFayile , iNetster yaba yi-software ye-intanethi eyaziwayo kakhulu kwi-Intanethi ngobuninzi bobusuku. I-Napster yafanisa inkqubo entsha ye "P2P" echazwe ngasentla: i-interface elula yomsebenzisi esebenza ngaphandle kwesibrowser exhasa iifayile kunye nokukhuphela. Ngaphezulu, uNapster unikezela ngamagumbi okuxoxa ukuze axhumane nezigidi zayo zabasebenzisi kwaye enze into entsha kunye nenomdla (ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenzo "yokuphikisana").
Igama elithi Napster libhekiselele kumnatha we-P2P kunye nomthengi wefayile eyabelanayo. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa ekuqaleni ekuqaleni kwesicelo somntu omnye, uNapster wasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wenethiwekhi, kodwa ezi nkcukacha zobugcisa azizange zithintele ukuthandwa kwayo.
Xa inkonzo yaseNapster engazange ilawulwe yantlandlolo ivalwe, iinkqubo eziliqela zeP2P zincintisana nabaphulaphuli.
Abasebenzisi abaninzi baseNapster bafudukela kwizicelo zesofthiwe zeKazaa kunye neKazaa Lite kunye nenethiwekhi ye- FastTrack . I-FastTrack yakhula yaba yinde kunokuba inethiwekhi yaseNapster yasekuqaleni.
UKazaa uye wabandezeleka kwiingxaki zakhe zomthetho, kodwa ezinye iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne- eDonkey / Overnet , ziye zaqhubeka nelifa le-software yeF2P yamahhala.
Izicelo eziphambili zeP2P kunye neeNethiwekhi
Akukho sicelo se-P2P okanye intanethi inomdla ngokukhethekileyo kwi-Intanethi namhlanje. Amanethiwekhi afana neeP2P aquka:
- eDonkey
- BitTorrent
- Gnutella
kunye nezicelo eziphambili zeP2P ziquka
- eMule
- BitTorrent
- Limewire
Amashishini amaninzi aphefumlelwe yimpumelelo yeP2P kwaye asebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ngengcinga entsha yeP2P. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abakwiindawo zokunxibelelana bakholelwa ukuba impumelelo yeNapster, Kazaa kunye nezinye izicelo ze-P2P aziphathelani neetheknoloji kwaye zininzi ngokuphathelele ukukhwabanisa. Kuhleli ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinkqubo ze-P2P zokuthengisa iimpahla ziyakwazi ukuguqulela kwiimveliso zorhwebo ezinenzuzo.
Isishwankathelo
I-"P2P" isivakalisi siye saba lixesha lekhaya. Ithenda ibhekisela kudibaniso lwezinto: izicelo zesofthiwe, ubuchwephesha benethiwekhi, kunye nokuziphatha kwefayile.
Kwiminyaka ezayo, lindele ukuba i-P2P iqhubeke nokuguquka.
I-intanethi yokunxibelelana iza kuzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwabahlobo-zontanga izicelo ezifanele zikhuphisane neenkcukacha ze desktop kunye neenkqubo zabasebenzisi / iinkonzo. Imigangatho yeprojekthi yeP2P iya kwamkelwa ngokubanzi. Ekugqibeleni, i-ramifications ye-free P2P yokwabelana ngolwazi nge-copyright kunye nomthetho wepropathi yengqondo iza kulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yenkulumiswano kawonkewonke.