I-Software Software enobungozi iye yahlala ixesha elide njengoko iikhomputha
Inkqubo yesistim ( malware ) yiprogram nayiphi na isicelo esinenjongo enobungozi. Ngelixa ezininzi iinkqubo ozifakelayo, okanye ezifayile ozikhuphelayo, azikho nhlobo zintsholongwane, ezinye zifihlile i-agendas ezifuna ukutshabalalisa iifayile, ukutshontsha ulwazi kuwe, okanye nokuba nje kukucaphukise.
Oku kwenzeke ixesha elide. Intsholongwane yokuqala yekhomputha yekhompyutha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Elk Cloner kwaye yafunyanwa kwi-Mac ngo-1982. NgoJanuwari ka-2011 yabona i-malware yokuqala ye-PC ebizwa ngokuba yi-PC ebizwa ngokuthi ngu-Brian. Ukubhekisela, i-PC yokuqala ye-mass-market (HP 9100A) yavela ngo-1968.
I-Malware ngo-1900 no-# 39; s
Ngowe-1986, ezininzi iintsholongwane zafunyanwa kwiiyunivesithi kwaye ukusabalalisa kwakubangelwa ngokutsha kwiidiski zentsholongwane. I-malware ephawulekayo yayiquka ubuchopho (1986), iLehigh, iTystone, iYerusalem (1987), imbongolo yeMorris (1988), kunye no-Michelangelo (1991).
Phakathi kwe-90s, amashishini ayenempembelelo efanayo, efunekayo kwinxalenye enkulu kwiintsholongwane ezininzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusabalala kuye kwafudukela kwinethiwekhi.
I-malware ephawulekayo yeli xesha iquka i-DMV, ubungqina bokuqala begciwane le-macro, ngo-1994. Kwakhona kwakukho neCape.A ngo-1997, eyaba yintsholongwane yokuqala yengozi enkulu yengozi, kunye ne-CIH (aka Chernobyl) ngo-1998, intsholongwane yokuqala ukulimaza i-hardware.
Ngengxenyana yokugqibela yee-90, iintsholongwane zaqala ukuphazamisa nabasebenzisi basekhaya, ngokusasazeka kwe-imeyile. I-malware ephawulekayo ngo-1999 yayiquka uMelissa, i-imeyile yokuqala ye-imeyile, kunye no-Kak, owokuqala kunye nenye yee-virus ezincinci kakhulu ze-imeyile.
I-Malware yama-21 yeeMinyaka
Ekuqaleni kwe-millennium entsha, i-intanethi kunye ne-imeyile izibungu zenza iintloko kwihlabathi.
- Ngomhla ka-2000: Incwadi ye-loveletter yayisisiseko sokuqala-inzuzo-ikhuthaza i-malware
- NgoFebruwari 2001: I-imeyili ye-Anna Kournikova
- NgoMatshi 2001: UMagistr, onjengo-CIH phambi kwawo, nawo waphatha i-hardware
- Julayi 2001: I-worcam ye-imeyili ye-Sircam ivunwe iifayile ezivela kwifolda yam Amadokhumenti
- Agasti 2001: I-CodeRed worm
- NgoSeptemba 2001: iNimda, iwebhu, i-imeyile, kunye nenethiwekhi.
Njengoko iminyaka elishumi iqhubekile, i-malware yayingabikho kuphela into eyenziwa yintengiso. Kuwo wonke u-2002 no-2003, abaqhubi bewebhu babethwa yi-out-control-popups kunye nezinye iibhobho zeJavascript.
I-FriendGreetings yaxhamla kwiimpompo ezenziwe ngezenzo ngo-Oktobha 2002 kwaye iSoBig yaqala ngokufaka ngokukhawuleza ukufaka i-spam proxies kwiikhomputha zexhoba. Ukukhwabanisa kunye nezinye izikhwama zekhadi zekhredithi nazo zacinywa ngeli xesha, kunye neebhokhwe ze-intanethi ezibizwa ngokuba yiBlaster noSlammer.
- NgoJanuwari 2004: Imfazwe yebhola ye-imeyli yavela phakathi kwabalobi be-MyDoom, i-Bagle ne-Netsky. Okumangalisa kukuba, oku kwakhokelela ekukhenizeni i-imeyile yokuphucula kunye namazinga aphezulu okuthobela ukuhlunga kwe-imeyile, ekugqibeleni ikhankanya ukutshabalalisa okufutshane kwimihlaba ye-imeyile.
- NgoNovemba 2005: Ukufumanisa kunye nokuchazwa kwe- rootkit yangoku i-Sony ikhathazeka ngokukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukufakwa kwe-rootkits kwininzi ye-malware yosuku yanamhlanje.
- 2006: I- Pump & Dump kunye nemisebenzi yeengxowa zemisebenzi yamathole yajoyina inani elikhulayo lase-Nigerian 419, ukukhwabanisa, kunye ne-lottery scams ngo-2006. Nangona kungabandakanyekanga ngokuchanekileyo kwe-malware, loo mingcingo yayiqhubekile ukuqhutyelwa komxholo wezenzo zobugebengu ezikhuthazayo zenzelwe i-intanethi.
- 2007: Iiwebhusayithi ezithintekayo zenzeke ngo-2007 ngenxa yenxalenye enkulu ekufumaneni nasekudaleni i-MPack, ikiti yolwaphulo-mthetho yayisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ukusetyenziswa kwewebhu. Ukuncintisana kwakubandakanya indawo ye-stadium yaseMamidi Dolphins, i-Tom's Hardware, i-Sun, i-MySpace, i-Bebo, i-Photobucket kunye ne-India Times iwebhusayithi.
- Ekupheleni konyaka we-2007, ukuhlaselwa kwe-SQL injection kwase kuqalile ukukhupha, izisayithi ezinamaxhoba ezinjengezilwanyana ezidumile ze-Cute Overload kunye ne-IKEA.
- NgoJanuwari 2008: Okwangoku, abahlaseli bewebhu baqeshe iziqinisekiso ezibiwe ze-FTP kwaye baqhelanisa ukulungelelaniswa okubuthathaka ukufaka ii-IFrames kumawaka amawaka ewebhusayithi yama-mom & pop, okubizwa ngokuba ngumsila omude wewebhu.
- NgoJuni ka-2008, i-Asprox botnet yenzelela ukuhlaselwa kwe-SQL ngokuzenzekelayo, ifuna iWalmart njengenye yexhoba layo. Iingongelo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo zavela ngexesha elifanayo njengoko abahlaseli baqala ukuhlukanisa iikhomputha zamapolisa kunye nokunikezela iifayile zokucwangcisa zesiqhelo kulabo abanomdla omkhulu.
- Ngo-2009: Ekuqaleni kuka-2009, uGumblar, owokuqala webhokisi elibili, waphuma. U-Gumblar akagcini nje ukulahla i-backdoor kwi-PCs enegciwane kwaye wayesebenzisa ukutshitshisa iziqinisekiso zeFTP, wasebenzisa ezo ziqinisekiso ukufihla ingqolowa kwiwebhsayithi ezonakele. Olu phuhliso lwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza ngabanye abahlaseli.
- Isiphumo: i-website ye-today compromises ayisayi kuphinda ilandelelanise kwiindawo ezinobuncaka bezixhobo zamacandelo. Endaweni yoko, nawaphi na amawaka eesayithi ezonakele angadlala indima indima ye-malware.
- 2010: Iinkqubo zeekhompyutheni zezoshishino zijoliswe kwi-Stuxnet ye-2010. Esi sixhobo esinobungozi ekujoliswe kubo abalawulwa ngogcino-logic ukwenzela ukulawula uomatshini kwimigca yendibano yemveliso. Kwakuyingozi kangangokuthi kucingelwa ukuba yimbangela yokutshatyalaliswa kwamakhulu amabini e-Iran e-uranium enriching centrifuges.
- Ngo-2011: Ihashe e-Microsoft ye-Tojan ebizwa ngokuba yi-ZeroAccess ilandele i-malware kwiikhomputha nge-botnets. Kufihliwe kakhulu kwi-OS usebenzisa i-rootkits, kwaye ipapashwa ngamathuluzi e-mining bitcoin.
I-Malware Volume ne-Antivirus Revener Revenues
Umthamo we-malware ungumngcipheko wokwabiwa kunye nenjongo. Oku kungabonwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokulandelela inani leesampuli ezaziwa ngokusekelwe kwixesha apho kwenzeka khona.
Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokugqibela kwee-80s ezininzi iinkqubo ezinobungozi bezicandelo ze- boot elula kunye nefayile ezifayo zi sasazwa nge-floppy disk. Ngokunikezelwa okuncinci kunye nenjongo engaphantsi, iisampuli ezikhethekileyo ze-malware ezibhalwe ngo-1990 nge-AV-TEST zibalwa ngo-9,044.
Njengoko ukwamkelwa komnatha wekhomputha kunye nokwandiswa kwaqhubeka kwisiqingatha sokuqala sama-90, ukusabalaliswa kwe-malware kuye kwaba lula, ngoko ivolumu yanda. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ngo-1994, i-AV-TEST ibike ukwanda kwe-300%, ukubeka iisampuli ezikhethekileyo ze-malware kwi-28,613 (ngokusekelwe kwi- MD5 ).
Njengoko ubuchwephesha bebuchwepheshe, iintlobo ezithile ze-malware zakwazi ukufumana umhlaba. Ii-virus ze-Macro ezixhaphaza iimveliso ze-Microsoft Office azizange ziphumelele ngokusasazwa nge-imeyile, nazo zafumana ukunyuswa kokusabalalisa ngokunyuswa kwamagama kwi-imeyile. Ngo-1999, i-AV-TEST yabhala i-sampulus e-malware eyingqayizivele engu-98,428, eyayiyi-344% i-bump ukusuka kwiminyaka emihlanu yangaphambili.
Njengoko ukwamkelwa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi kwanda, iimbungu zaba zikhulu kakhulu. Ukusabalalisa kwandiswe ngokukhawuleza ngokusetyenziswa kwewebhu kunye nokwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe be- Web 2.0 , okwakhuthaza indawo engalungileyo yokulondoloza i-malware. Ngo-2005, i-333,425 iisampuli ze-malware ezizodwa zabhalwa yi-AV-TEST. I-338% ngaphezu kwe-1999.
Ukwaziswa okwandisa kwiikiti ezisebenzisayo kwiwebhu kubangela ukuqhuma kwe-malware ekhutshwe kwiwebhu kuyo yonke inxalenye yeshumi leminyaka yokuqala leminyaka. Ngo-2006, unyaka we-MPack ufunyenwe, i-AV-TEST ibhalwe ngamanqaku angama-972,606 ahlukileyo e-malware, engama-291% aphezulu kuneeminyaka ezisixhenxe ngaphambili.
Njengomjovo we-SQL ozenzekelayo kunye nezinye iifom ze-website ezithinteleyo ziyancipha ukwandiswa kwamandla ngo-2007, umthamo we-malware wenza inqabileyo ephawulekayo, kunye nama-sampuli angama-5,490,960 ayingqungquthela ebhalwe yi-AV-TEST ngaloo nyaka. Yiyo yokunyuka kwama-564% kunyaka nje kuphela.
Ukususela ngo-2007, inani le-malware ekhethekileyo liye laqhubeka nokukhula okubonakalayo, ngokuphindwe kabini okanye ngaphezulu konyaka ukususela. Okwangokunje, abaqikeleli abathengi beesampulu ezintsha ze-malware baqala ukusuka kwi-30k ukuya kwi-50k ngosuku. Faka enye indlela, umthamo wenyanga wamanje weesampulu ezintsha ze-malware zikhulu kunomthamo wonke we-malware ukususela ngo-2006 nangaphambili.
Antivirus / Revenue Revenue
Ngexesha le "sneakernet" ngexesha le-80s ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90, i-antivirus yabathengisi bemali yabathengi babecala ngaphantsi kwe-$ 1B USD. Ngo-2000, i-antivirus revenues yandile nge-1.5B.
- 2001 - $ 1.8
- 2002 - $ 2.06B
- 2003 - $ 2.7B
- 2004 - $ 3.5B
- 2005 - $ 7.4B
- 2006 - $ 8.6B
- 2007- $ 11.3B
- 2008 - $ 13.5B
- 2009 $ 14.8B
- 2010 - $ 16.5B
Nangona abanye bangabhekisela kwi-antivirus ekhulayo kunye nabathengi bemali engenayo njengokuba "ubungqina" ukuba abathengisi be-antivirus bazuza kulo (kwaye ngaloo ndlela badala) i-malware, i-math ngokwayo ayifuni i-theory.
Ngo-2007, umzekelo, i-antivirus income ikhulile ngo-131% kodwa inani le-malware landa u-564% ngaloo nyaka. Ukongezelela, ukunyuswa kweengeniso ze-antivirus nazo ziphumo zeenkampani ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa, njengezixhobo zokhuseleko kunye nophuhliso lwezokhuseleko olusefu.