I-Subnet Masks kunye ne-Subnetting
I-subnet ivumela ukuhamba kweetrato yenethiwekhi phakathi kwemikhosi eyahlukana ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokucwangcisa inethiwekhi. Ngokuququzelela imikhosi ibe ngamaqela anengqiqo, i-subnetting inokuphucula ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kunye nokusebenza.
Masknet Mask
Mhlawumbi inxalenye ebonakalayo kakhulu ye-subnetting yi- subnet mask . Njengamakheli e- IP , imaski ye-subnet iqukethe ii-bytes ezine (32 bits) kwaye idla ngokubhaliweyo usebenzisa "inqaku elifanayo" elichaziweyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-mask subnet ngokuqhelekileyo ekumelekeni kwayo:
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Ingaba ibonakaliswa ngokulinganayo, ifomu efundeka ngakumbi:
- 255.255.255.0
Ukusebenzisa iSasnet Mask
I-mask ye-subnet ayisebenzi okanye idilesi ye-IP kwaye ayikho ngokuzimela. Kunoko, i-subnet masks ihamba nedilesi ye-IP kwaye ixabiso lembini lisebenza kunye. Ukusebenzisa i- subnet mask kwidilesi ye-IP idibanisa idilesi zibe ngamacandelo amabini, idilesi yenethiwekhi eyongezelelweyo kunye nedilesi yendawo.
Ukuze isalathisi se-subnet isebenze, i- bits yayo ekhohlo kufuneka isethelwe kwi- '1'. Umzekelo:
- 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Ngaba imasksi engavumelekanga ngoba ibinzana elide lihlelwe kwi- '0'.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iibhloko ezifanelekileyo kwi-subnet mask kufuneka ihlelwe ku-'0 ', kungekhona' 1 '. Ngoko ke:
- 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
Akuvumelekanga.
Zonke izikhonkwane eziphantsi ezisemgangathweni ziqukethe iziqendu ezimbini: icala elisekhohlo kunye nazo zonke izibini zemaski ezibekwe kwi- '1' (inxalenye yesetyenti enwetshiwe) kunye nekhohlo kunye neendawo zonke ezibekwe ku-'0 '(inxalenye yesabelo), njengomzekelo wokuqala .
I-Subnetting in Practice
I-Subnetting isebenze ngokusebenzisa i-adware zenethiwekhi ezongeziweyo kwiikhompyutheni nganye (kunye nesinye isixhobo soxhumo). Idilesi yenethiwekhi eyongezelelweyo ibandakanya zombini idilesi yenethiwekhi kunye neebhonkco ezongezelelweyo ezimelela inombolo ye-subnet . Ngokubambisana, ezi zinto zimbini zenkxaso zixhasa iskimu sokudibanisa iinqanaba ezimbini eziqwalaselwe ngokuphunyezwa okuqhelekileyo kwe-IP.
Idilesi yenethwekhi kunye nenombolo ye-subnet, xa idibaniswe nedilesi yempi , ngoko ixhasa iskimu sezinga lesithathu.
Khawuqwalasele umzekelo wehlabathi wangempela. Isicwangciso esincinci sezoshishino zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-192.168.1.0 yangaphakathi ( intranet ). Isebe lobutyebi babantu lifuna ukuba iikhomputer zabo zibe yingxenye ekhuselekileyo yale ntanethi kuba zigcina ulwazi lokuhlawula kunye nolunye ulwazi olusebenzayo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba le nethwekhi yeClass C, i-mask yangasese engezantsi ye-255.255.255.0 ivumela zonke iikhomputha kwi-intanethi ukuba ziontanga (ukuthumela imiyalezo ngqo komnye nomnye) ngokuzenzekelayo.
Iimpawu ezine zokuqala ze-192.168.1.0 -
1100
Beka le nethiwekhi kwinqanaba C kunye nokulungisa ubude bedilesi yenethiwekhi kwi-bits 24. Ukuthungatha le ntanethi, i-bits engaphezu kwama-24 kufuneka isethelwe kwi- '1' kwicala lasekhohlo le-mask mask. Ngokomzekelo, i-mask 25-bit 255.255.255.128 idala inethiwekhi yesibini-subnet njengoko kuboniswe kwiThebhile 1.
Yonke into eyongeziweyo ebhekiselwe ku- '1' kwimaski, enye ibinzana iyafumaneka kwiinombolo ze-subnet ukubonisa amanqaku angaphezulu. Inombolo ye-subnet ye-subnet iyakwazi ukuxhasa ukusa kwiingqimba ezine, inamba ye-bit-bit isekela i-subnets ukuya kweyesibhozo, njalo njalo.
IiNethiwekhi zangasese kunye neeStnethi
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili kule khokelo, amabhunga olawulo alawula iProtokholi ye-intanethi agcine amanethiwekhi athile ekusebenziseni kwangaphakathi.
Ngokubanzi, i-intranethi esebenzisa la manethwekhi ithola ulawulo olungakumbi ekulawuleni ukulungiswa kwe-IP kunye nokufikelela kwe-intanethi. Qhagamshelana ne-RFC 1918 ukuze uthole iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nale nethiwekhi.
Isishwankathelo
I-Subnetting ivumela abaphathi bee-network ukuba babe nokuguquguquka ekuchazeni ubudlelwane phakathi kwemikhosi yenethiwekhi. Imikhosi kwiinkcukacha ezihlukeneyo ziyakwazi ukuthetha kuphela komnye ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo zesebe zesango njengama- routers . Ukukwazi ukucoca i-traffic phakathi kwee-subnets kunokukwenza uhla lwebhanti olubanzi lufumaneke kwizicelo kwaye lunokunciphisa ukufikelela kwiindlela ezinqwenelekayo.