Inkcazo yee-Boot Sectors kunye ne-Virtual Sector Boot
Icandelo lebhokisi liyi candelo elithile, okanye icandelo, kwi- disk drive equka ulwazi malunga nendlela yokuqalisa inkqubo yebhobhoji ukuze ulayishe inkqubo yokusebenza .
Icandelo lebhokisi elikhoyo likhoyo kwi-drive yangaphakathi apho kukho inkqubo yokusebenza efana neFowuni ifakwe, kunye nakumadivaysi okugcina onokungafuneki ukuba uqalise ukuqala, kodwa kunoko nje ugcina idatha yomuntu siqu, njenge-disk drive yangaphandle , i-floppy disk , okanye enye idivaysi ye- USB .
Indlela iCandelo leBoot lisetyenziselwa ngayo
Xa ikhompyutha iphendulela phambili, into yokuqala into eyenzekayo kukuba iBIOS ibheka iimpawu kwizinto ezifunekayo ukuqala inkqubo yokusebenza. Indawo yokuqala ye-BIOS iya kujonga iyona candelo lokuqala lecebo lokugcina elixhunyiwe kwikhompyutha.
Yithi unayo idrayivu enye kwikhompyutheni yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba unayo idrayivu enye enesigqeba esisodwa . Kwicandelo elithile le-hard drive kungaba yenye yezinto ezimbini: i- Master Boot Record (MBR) okanye i- Volume Boot Record (VBR) .
I-MBR yinkampani yokuqala yecandelo elithile elifomathiweyo . Ekubeni i-BIOS ibhekisela kwicandelo lokuqala ukuqonda indlela okufanele iqhubeke ngayo, iya kulayisha i-MBR kwimemori . Emva kokuba idatha ye-MBR ilayishiwe, ukwahlula okusebenzayo kungafumaneka ukuze ikhompyutha ikwazi apho inkqubo yokusebenza ikhona khona.
Ukuba i-disk drive inamaqela amaninzi, i-VBR yinkampani yokuqala kwisahlulo ngasinye. I-VBR nayo iyona candelo lokuqala lecebo elingahlulelwanga nonke.
Hlola ezo zikhonkwane ze- MBR kunye ne- VBR ngaphezulu malunga ne-Master Boot Record and Volume Boot Records kunye nendlela asebenza ngayo njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuqalisa.
Iiphene zeBhodi
Icandelo kufuneka libe nesignatshana esithile esicacisiweyo ukuze ibonwe yi-BIOS njengecandelo lebhokisi. Isayinitsha yecandelo le-disk yesigxina ngu-0x55AA kwaye iqulethwe kwii-bytes zayo zokugqibela zolwazi.
Ukuba isayinitsha sediskiti yonakalisiwe, okanye ishintshile ngandlela-thile, kwenzeka ukuba i-BIOS ayiyi kukwazi ukufumana icandelo le-boot, kwaye kunjalo ayiyi kukwazi ukulayisha imiyalelo efunekayo yokufumana nokuqala inkqubo yokusebenza.
Naliphi na imilayezo yephutha elandelayo ingabonakalisa icandelo lebhokisi elikhohliweyo:
- Itheyibhile yokuhluleka engavumelekanga.
- Ayikwazanga ukufumana i-BOOTMGR
- I-BOOTMGR ayikho
- Kushiyeke inkqubo yokwenza.
- Ukusetha uzimisele ukuba inkqubo yakho yefayile inonakele
- I disk efundwa yiphutha yenzeke.
- I-NTLDR ilahlekile
- Iphutha lokulayisha inkqubo yokusebenza.
Iphulo: Nangona enye yezi mpazamo ibonisa ukuba yingxaki yecandelo le-boot, kunokubakho nezinye izizathu, kunye nezicombululo ezahlukeneyo. Qinisekisa ukuba ulandele nayiphi na ingcebiso engxaki yokufumana ingxaki kwi-site yam okanye kwenye indawo.
Indlela yokulungisa iziphene zeCandelo leBhodi
Ukuba ufumanisa ngeengxaki zakho zokubangela iingxaki ukuba iphutha lesigqeba se-boot mhlawumbi iyimbangela yeengxaki ozifumanayo, ukufometha i-hard drive kwaye ubuyisela kwakhona iWindows ukusuka ekuqaleni "ukulungiswa" kwezi ngxaki.
Ngenhlanhla, zikhona ezinye, iinkqubo ezingabonakaliyo kodwa ezizinzileyo apho umntu angayilandela oku kufuneka alungise icandelo lebhokisi lokuqala ... akukho cima-yakho-khompyutheni efunekayo.
Ukulungiswa kwecandelo lebhodi elikhuhliweyo kwi-Windows 10, 8, 7, okanye i-Vista, landela iikhompyutheni zam iinkcazo ezicacileyo malunga nendlela yokubhala iCandelo loLuntu olutsha lwe-Boot kwi-Windows System Partition .
Iziphene zecandelo le-Boot nazo ziyakwenzeka kwi- Windows XP kodwa inkqubo yokulungisa ihluke kakhulu. Jonga ukuba Ubhala njani iqela elitsha le-Boot Icandelo kwi-Windows XP System Partition yeenkcukacha.
Enye yezona zikarhulumente ezisemthethweni, iinkqubo zeMicrosoft-sanctioned above are bets kangcono kuzo zonke iimeko, kodwa kukho ezinye izixhobo zenkampani yesithathu ezingakha kabusha amacandelo okuqala ukuba ungathanda ukuzama enye yazo esikhundleni. Khangela uluhlu lwam lweZiko loKwahlula iDisk kwi-Free disk uma ufuna uncomo.
Kukho nezinye iirhwebo zoLwazi lweDrive yeDrive ekhangisa ukukwazi ukufumana idatha kwiinkalo ezimbi, ezinokuba yindlela enye yokuhamba ngokulungisa i-error boot sector, kodwa ndiza kugxininisa kwiingcamango esele zikhankanywe ngaphambi kokuhlawula enye ezi.
KwiiNtsholongwane zeVilus
Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umngcipheko wokonakaliswa ngenye indlela yengozi okanye ukuhluleka kwe-hardware, icandelo le-boot yindawo eqhelekileyo ye- malware ukuba ibambe.
Abenzi be-Malware bathanda ukugxila ingqalelo kwicandelo lebhokisi lokuqalisa ngoba ikhowudi yayo iqaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingakhuselekanga, ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokuqalisa iqalise!
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unakho igciwane lesigqirha se-boot, ndincoma kakhulu ukuba wenze i-scan epheleleyo ye-malware, uqinisekise ukuba uhlalutya iqela le-boot. Jonga indlela yokukhangela ikhompyutha yakho kwiiVirus nezinye i-Malware ukuze uncede ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba wenzeni.
Amagciwane amaninzi kwi-boot aya kumisa ikhomputer yakho ukuba iqalise yonke indlela, ukwenza i-malware kwi-Windows engenakwenzeka. Kule meko, udinga i-virus- bootable scanner. Ndigcina uluhlu lwee-Antivirus ezikhuselekayo zamahhala ezinokuzikhethela kuzo, eziyicombulula oku kubangele ukukhupha-22.
Iphulo: Amanye amabhodi omama anesofthiwe ye-BIOS ekhusela amacandelo e-boot ukuba aguqulwe, anceda kakhulu ekukhuseleni isofthiwe enobungozi ekuveleni utshintsho kwicandelo lebhokisi. Oko kwathiwa, lo mzekelo mhlawumbi ukhutshaziwe ngokusesikweni ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zokwahlula kunye neenkqubo ze-enck encryption ziza kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kodwa kuyafaneleka ukunika amandla ukuba ungasebenzisi ezo zixhobo zethuluzi kwaye sele ujongene neengxaki zentsholongwane yecandelo le-boot.
Ulwazi olungakumbi kwii-Boot Sectors
Icandelo lebhokisi lidalwa xa usenza ifomathi yokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifowuni ayifomathiwe, kwaye ngoko ayisebenzisi inkqubo yefayile , nakhona ayiyi kubakho icandelo lebhokisi.
Kukho icandelo elilodwa lebhokisi lokugcina idivayisi nganye. Nangona enye idiski ekhuni inamaqela amaninzi, okanye isebenza ngaphezulu kweenkqubo enye , kusekho enye icandelo lebhokisi elilodwa le-drive epheleleyo .
Iprojekti ehlawulwe njenge-Active @ Partition Recovery iyafumaneka kwaye inokubuyisela kwaye ibuyise ulwazi lwecandelo le-boot kwimeko apho usebenza kuyo. Ezinye izicelo eziphambili ziyakwazi ukufumana enye icandelo lebhokisi ekuqhutyweni ukuba lusetyenziswe ukwakha omnye owonakele.