Imbali ye-Atari 2600
U-Atari uthi uyayeka uPong kunye neefowuni ku-& # 34; STELLA! & # 34;
Xa u-Atari wakhulula umdlalo wabo we-Arcade njengengqungquthela yokudlala yasekhaya eyayizilungiselelwe ngaphambili, yayiyintsimbi ebalulekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ilandelwa ngumenzi ngamnye we-elektroniki onokucinga. Kwiminyaka embalwa emashalofu ayenamanzi kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo, ezinye zize zize zize zisebenzise i-microchip efanayo. Ukugcina isikhundla sayo njengenkokheli yoshishino, uMongameli we-Atari uNolan Bushnell wazama ukudala isizukulwana esitsha seenkqubo zemidlalo yevidiyo. Ukwenza oku ku-Atari wathenga i-Cyan Engineering, owayesele esebenzela iteknoloji entsha ye-console phantsi kwegama lekhowudi "Stella".
Ngelo xesha, yonke imidlalo yevidiyo yee-home console esebenzisa i-Mathematics esekelwe kwi-Logic Technology, apho kukho izixhobo ezazisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ubudlelwane kunye nokuncitshiswa. Oku kwenza ukuba imifanekiso efanayo ifane isetyenziswe kwakhona kwinani elilinganiselwe leemidlalo ezisisiseko. Le nkqubo yaqulunqwa yiprojekthi yezempi yempi yaseRalph Bayer yeBrown Box ekugqibeleni yaba nguMagnavox Odyssey . Yingakho yonke imidlalo yevidiyo yasekhaya yesizukulwana sokuqala yokududuza ibonakala enye.
Ukufumana nokuphuhlisa i-Tech Tech
Esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe bezengqiqo, iphrojekthi yaseCylia yaseCyntse yasebenzisa i-unit unit processing (CPU) ebizwa ngokuba yi-MOS Technology 6502, i-8-bit microprocessor eyenziwa ngo-1975 njengeprojekithi encinci kwimarike. Oku kwavumela ulwazi lwenkqubo ukuba luqhutywe kwi-microchip ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuphula i-bhanki. Umbuzo olandelayo ngowendlela yokuhambisa iinkqubo ezininzi zemidlalo ezivela kumthombo wangaphandle.
Ngowe-1972, iHewlett-Packard yaqala ukusebenzisa i-ROM cartridges, i-shell shell yokuhlala i- R ead- O nly M emory chip equkethe ifayile yeprogram exhomekeke kwikhompyuter nge-cartridge slot. Iikarriji zeROM zanikezela isisombululo esipheleleyo seStella. Iifayili zeMidlalo zigcinwe kwikhowudiji yeROM ngokusebenzisa ukongeza kwe-memory memory yokungena okungahleliweyo (RAM), kunye neprojekthi ye-MOS Technology 6502 ifunde ulwazi lwenkqubo nge-chip input (output / output) (I / O) chip. Ngaphandle kwendawo, oko kwenzeni ukuba isisombululo esifanelekileyo sineendleko eziphantsi zeCarridridges zeROM, kunye neComputer Adapter Interface Adapter (TIA) sound chip, ezi zimbini izisombululo kunye nezisombululo ezipheleleyo.
Ukuthengisa kuMntu
Ngethuba lobuchwephesha obukanye ngexesha elifanayo lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, akumangalisi ukuba enye inkampani yayiza kuphuhlisa ingcamango efanayo ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye i-Fairchild Semiconductor Inkampani yashaya i-Atari kwiimarike ngo-1976 kunye ne- Fairchild Video Entertainment System (kamva ibizwa ngokuba Fairchild Channel F ) esetyenziselwa iPCC Fairchild F8, eyenziwe ngumdali we-Intel uRobert Noyce.
I-Atari yayinemali enzulu ekuphuhliseni iStella kwaye yayidinga imali engaphezulu kunye namandla okwenza ukukhululwa kwenzeke. Ukuhamba koluntu kwakungeyona inketho njengoko imarike yemasheya yayinokuhla kwehla. Ngesongo sokulahlekelwa lonke ixabiso lemakethe ezandleni zeSiteshi F, uNolan Bushnell waphendukela kubambiswano kunye neWarner Communications, (namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Time Warner) ekugqibeleni yaba yinto yokuthenga. U Bushnell wahlala kubasebenzi ukuqhuba ishishini.
Xa iStella yagqitywa ize ikhutshwe ngo-1977 igama layo latshintshela kwi- Atari Video Computer System , kodwa kamva yaguqulwa kwakhona kwi- Atari 2600 engabonakaliyo, emva kwenkalo yayo yokuvelisa inombolo CX2600. Ekuqaleni ii-2600 zikhutshwe nge-lackluster reception, kodwa ilizwi lafika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngowe-1979 kwaba yi-hit, kuthengisa iiyunithi zezigidi ngonyaka nje kuphela. Ngelishwa, amaxesha amaninzi okukhokelela kwimpumelelo yawo yathwala ulwalamano lukaBushnell kunye noWarner Communications. U Bushnell washiya inkampani ngowe-1978, nje unamahloni nje wokufakazela impumelelo enkulu ye-console.
Kwiminyaka emininzi elandelayo Atari waqhubeka ekwenzeni imbali, ekuthengiseni konke ukhuphiswano kunye nesiseko sayo sokukhula kunye neelayibrari yeemidlalo. Ukhuphiswano olukhulu, iThaneli F, ayinalo iigrafti okanye izakhono ezivakalayo ze-2600, okanye i-giant giant njenge-Warner Communications emva kwayo. Nangona i-Channel F yayingowokuqala kohlobo lwayo, izihloko ezingama-26 kuphela ziye zakhishwa ngenxa yalo, kwaye iFortchild kungekudala ixhomekeke kwi-Atari yokuthengisa.
Impumelelo enkulu kaAtari yayikhokelela ekufeni kwayo. Njengoko inkampani ngoku iqhutywe ngokusemthethweni, abaprogram abazange baneliswe unyango lwabo. U-Atari wayehambile kwindawo yokusebenzela engaqhelekanga kwaye engonwabisayo phantsi kolawulo lukaBushnell, kwi-gig ehamba phambili, enobumbano ongenamkelelo omncinane okanye umvuzo womsebenzi owenziwe kakuhle, isakhiwo sokushicilelwa kwikhompyutha yemidlalo esasetyenziswayo namhlanje. Ngokukhawuleza abaprojekthi abancedayo ukwakha umbuso we-Atari baqala ukuhamba baze baqulunqe iinkampani zabo ukupapasha imidlalo ye-2600.
Njengoko imbono ye-console kunye nemidlalo eguquguqukayo yayisengumxholo omtsha, kwaye isizukulwana esidlulileyo seenkqubo zegeyimu zevidiyo zixhasana, imithetho ye-copyright, ipentent and trademark ayimisetyenziswanga ukukhusela abakhiqizi bokuqala be-console njengoko namhlanje. Kungekudala imarike yayigcwele imikhosi, yonke into eyenzelwe i-2600 kunye neeninzi ezenziwa ngabalingisi be-Atari ababethelela iinqanawa. Aba bashicileli benkampani yesithathu bakwazi ukusebenzisana nemicimbi yamalungelo ngokungalokothi basebenzise i logo yeAtari, bongezela ukukhutshwa komyalelo wokuba bangaxhumene ne-Atari Inc. kwaye bavuma kuphela ukuba i-cartridge yenzelwe "i-Atari Video Game System".
Kungekudala u-Atari waqala ukuxhatshazwa kwimiba efanayo eyazisa ukuphela kwePong. Hhayi ngeembonakalo ezifanayo, kodwa ngeqela elincinci leenkampani ezikhawuleza ukufumana iqela legolide elingu-2600, elinomdla wolwandle olungabonakaliyo. Zininzi zale midlalo zaziphantsi kumxholo kunye nomgangatho. Kwaye iincwadi ze-Atari ezipapashiweyo zaqala ukuxhamla ngenxa yokuqhutyelwa kwimizila yokuvelisa kwaye abaninzi babo beeprogram eziphezulu baye bashiya.
Nangona ininzi indawo yokukhululwa komdlalo we- ET ongeyingozi ka-2600 njengesiqalo sokuwa kweAtari, kunye nokuza kweMidlalo yeMidlalo yeCandelo le-Crash ka-1983 , bekuyeyona mininzi yemidlalo kakhulu, iphantsi kwexabiso kwaye ukukhula kancinci kwezobuchwepheshe emakhaya nasemagqabini. Warner wathengisa-off Atari ngo-1984 ukuya kwi-Commodore Business Machines ovalele ngokukhawuleza iphiko lokushicilela umdlalo.
Ngomnyaka we-1986, i-Commodore yavelisa i-2600 njengesihloko sesabelo-mali kunye nomgca wethegi yokuthengisa "Ukuzonwabisa Kuyabuya!". Inkqubo ithengiswa ngokulinganisela kakuhle kodwa ekugqibeleni yaphela ngo-1990. Nanamhlanje i-Atari 2600 isala i-console ye-video yeyona nto ende kakhulu yokuthengisa i-video yezona zihloko ezibonakalayo zibonela ukukhishwa kwakhona kweengqungquthela zokudlala ze-gen-gen kunye ne-handhelds, kunye neeyunithi zokupakisha zangaphambili ezicwangcisiweyo njengee-collections ze-Retro.