I-Intanethi idibanisa idijithali ukuchonga amadivayisi ukuze bancede bathethe
Idilesi yenethwekhi isebenza njengesazisi esikhethekileyo sekhompyutha okanye esinye isixhobo kwinethiwekhi. Xa ulungise ngokuchanekileyo, iikhomputha ziyakwazi ukumisela iilesi zamanye iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo kwinethiwekhi kwaye zisebenzisa ezi dilesi ukuthetha nabanye.
Idilesi zePhysical Verses Addresses Virtual
Uninzi lwezixhobo zonxibelelwano zinamakheli athile ahlukeneyo.
- Iilesi zezinto eziphathekayo zivela kumnatha womntu ngamnye oqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, irediyo ye -Wi-Fi kunye nomsakazo we- Bluetooth weselula ifumane iidilesi zeteknoloji zazo.
- Iidilesi ezintle zinikezelwa kwiidivaysi ngokohlobo lwenethiwekhi eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Iibhanki ezibonakalayo zedivayisi yeselula, umzekelo, tshintsha njengoko ihamba ukusuka kwinethiwekhi enye ukuya kwelinye, ngelixa idilesi zayo zomzimba zihlala zichanekile.
IP Addressing Versions
Uhlobo oludumileyo lwentengiso yenethiwekhi yile dilesi ye- Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) . Idilesi ye-IP yangoku (IP version 6, i-IPv6) iqukethe ii- bytes ezingama- 16 (128 bits ) ezichanekileyo zichonga izixhobo ezixhunyiwe. Uyilo lwe-IPv6 luquka indawo ephakamileyo yedilesi ye-IP kunokuba yandulela i-IPv4 ukuxhasa inkxaso yezigidi ezininzi zezixhobo.
Indawo enkulu yekheli le-IPv4 yabelwe ababoneleli ngeenkonzo ze-Intanethi kunye neminye imibutho emikhulu yokunika abaxhasi babo kunye neeseva ze-intanethi-ezi zibizwa ngokuba zi- IP zamakheli . Amacandelo athile e-intanethi yangasese asekwa ukuxhasa amanxibelelwano angaphakathi njengamanethiwekhi asekhaya kunye nezixhobo ezingazange zidibaniswe ngqo kwi-Intanethi.
Iileta zeMAC
Ifomu eyaziwayo yokulungisa idilesi isekelwe kwi- Media Access Control (MAC) iteknoloji. Idilesi ze-MAC, ezaziwa nangokuthi iadesi eziphathekayo, zithandathu ii-bytes (48 bits) ukuba abavelisi be- adapters ze- intanethi bangene kwiimveliso zabo ukuba bazichonge ngokuthe ngqo. I-IP kunye nezinye iiprotokthi zithembele kwiidilesi zomzimba ukuze zichonge amadivayisi kwinethiwekhi.
Ulwabiwo lweeNdawo
Iidilesi zenethiwekhi zidibaniswe nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:
- IiNethwekhi zinokuqwalaselwa ukuba zinike idilesi ze-IP ngokuzenzekelayo kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yintsebenziswano yedilesi.
- Abalawuli benethiwekhi bangakhetha iidilesi ezithile ze-IP baze babanike amacebo ngesandla kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-static address assignment.
- Abathengisi be-adapter yomnatha bamisela idilesi e-MAC eyimemori kwimemori yokufunda kuphela (ROM) nganye yunithi eyenziwe kwindlela ebizwa ngokuba "ukutshisa."
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya kunye namashishini asetyenziswa ngokubanzi nge- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) kwiinkonzo ze-intanethi ye-IP.
Idilesi yeeNethwekhi zeNethwekhi
Abaqhubi be-routers basebenzisa iteknoloji ebizwa ngokuba yiNethwekhi yeNguqulelo yeNethwekhi (NAT) ukuncedisa ukuhamba kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. I-NAT isebenza ngeedilesi ezibonakalayo eziqulethwe ngaphakathi kwe-IP yenethiwekhi.
Iingxaki ngeeNkcukacha ze IP
Ingxabano yedilesi ye-IP iyenzeka xa amadivayisi amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwi-intanethi babinikwa inombolo efanayo yeedesi. Ezi ngxabano zinokubangelwa ngenxa yeeposiso zabantu kwisabelo se-static address okanye ngokuqhelekileyo-ukusuka kwi-glitches yobuchwephesha kwiinkqubo zesebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.