Isikhokelo sokuqala kwi-BASH - Icandelo 1 - Ihlabathi lonwabe

Kukho izikhokelo ezininzi kwi-intanethi kubonisa indlela yokwenza i-Shell zeempendulo usebenzisa iBASH kwaye esi sikhokelo sijolise ekunikezeni ngokuphambene ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yokuba ibhaliwe ngumntu onolwazi oluncinane lwe-shell shell.

Ngoku ungacinga ukuba le nto ingengqiqo kodwa ndifumanisa ukuba ezinye izikhokelo zithetha nawe njengokuba sele sele uyingcali kunye nezinye izikhokelo zithatha ixesha elide ukukhawulela.

Nangona i-LINUX / i-UNIX yamaxesha okubhalwa kwenkqubela ye-shell iphela, ndingumqhubi we-software ngokurhweba kwaye ndiyi-dab ngesandla kwiilwimi zeskripthi ezifana ne-PERL, PHP kunye ne-VBScript.

Ingongoma yesi sikhokelo kukuba uya kufunda njengoko ndifunda kwaye nayiphi na ingcaciso endiyithathayo ndiya kuyidlulisela kuwe.

Ndiyaqalisa

Kukho ngokucacileyo ininzi yemfundiso yokuba ndinokudlulela kuwe ngokukhawuleza njengokuchaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegobolondo kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa i-BASH ngaphezu kwe-KSH kunye ne-CSH.

Uninzi lwabantu xa ufunda into entsha ufuna ukungena ngaphakathi kwaye uqale ngezifundo ezithile zokuqala kwaye oko kukucinga ukuba andiyi kukuzalela i-trivia engabalulekanga ngoku ngoku.

Yonke into oyifunayo yokulandela esi sikhokelo ngumhleli wesicatshulwa kunye nesigqeba esisebenza nge-BASH (igobolithi engapheliyo kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zeLuxux).

AbaHleli beTekisi

Ezinye izikhokelo endizifundileyo ziye zacetyiswa ukuba udinga umhleli wombhalo oquka ukukhishwa kwemibala yemiyalelo kunye nabahleli abanconywayo ngaba i- VIM okanye i- EMACS .

Umbala wokubhala umbala ulungile njengoko ugxininisa imilayezo njengoko uthayipha kodwa kodwa uqala ukuqala ukusebenzisa iiveki zokuqala zeVIM kunye ne-EMACS ngaphandle kokubhala umgca omnye wendlela.

Kula mabini ndimkhetha ii-EMACS kodwa ndinyanise ukuba ndiyisebenzise umhleli olula njenge- nano , gedit okanye i-leafpad.

Ukuba ubhala izikripthi kwikhompyutheni yakho kwaye uyazi ukuba uya kufumana ukufikelela kwimo engumfanekiso-mfanekiso uze ukhethe umhleli osebenza kakuhle kuwe kwaye unokuba ngumzobo ofana neGodget okanye umhleli ohamba ngqo kwi-terminal ezifana nano okanye vim.

Ngeenjongo zesi sikhokelo ndiya kusebenzisa i-nano njengoko ifakwe ngokusesikweni kuninzi lwabelo lwe-Linux kwaye ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba uya kuba nokufikelela kuyo.

Ukuvula iWindows Window

Ukuba usebenzisa i-Linux ukusasazwa ngedeskithophu ebonakalayo njenge Linux Mint okanye Ubuntu ungavula ifowuni yokuphela ngokucindezela i-CTRL + ALT + T.

Kuphi ukubeka iincwadi zakho

Ngeenjongo zale titshala ungafaka iempendulo zakho kwifolda phantsi kwefowuni yakho yasekhaya.

Ngaphakathi kwefestile yefayili qinisekisa ukuba usefayili yakho yasekhaya ngokuthayipha umyalelo olandelayo:

cd ~

Umyalelo we-cd umele isiqulathi senguqu kunye ne-tilde (~) yindlela encinci yefowuni yakho.

Ungaqwalasela ukuba ukhona kwindawo efanelekileyo ngokuthayipha umyalelo olandelayo:

pwd

Umyalelo we-pwd uza kukuxelela incwadana yakho yokusebenza yangoku (apho ukhona kwisihlahla somlawuli). Kwimeko yam ubuyele / ekhaya / gary.

Ngoku ngoku ngokuqinisekileyo awuyi kufuna ukubeka iempendulo zakho ngqo kwifowuni yekhaya ukuze udale ifolda ebizwa ngeempendulo ngokuthayipha umyalelo olandelayo.

scripts mkdir

Shintsha kwifolda entsha yeempendulo ngokuthayipha umyalelo olandelayo:

cd scripts

ISkripto sakho sokuQala

Kuyinto yesiko xa ufunda indlela yokwenza inkqubo yokuqala ivelise amagama athi "Hello World".

Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwiphepha leempendulo yakho faka umyalelo olandelayo:

nano helloworld.sh

Ngoku faka ikhowudi elandelayo kwi window ye-nano.

#! / bin / bash echo "ihlabathi lonwabo"

Cindezela i-CTRL + O ukugcina ifayile kunye ne-CTRL + X ukuphuma kwi-nano.

Iskripthi ngokwalo senziwe ngokolu hlobo lulandelayo:

I-#! / Bin / bash kufuneka idibaniswe phezulu kweempendulo ezibhaliweyo njengoko zivumela abatoliki kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza yazi indlela yokusingatha ifayile. Masikhumbule nje ukuba uyifake kwaye ukhohlwe ukuba kutheni ukwenza.

Umgca we sibini unomyalelo owodwa obizwa ngokuba yi-echo owenza umxholo olandela ngokukhawuleza.

Qaphela ukuba ukuba ufuna ukubonisa igama elingaphezulu kwelilodwa kufuneka usebenzise izicaphuno ezimbini (") malunga namazwi.

Ngoku ungasebenzisa le script ngokuthayipha umyalelo olandelayo:

sh helloworld.sh

Amagama athi "ihlabathi lonwabo" kufuneka avele.

Enye indlela yokuqhuba iempendulo zilandelayo:

./helloworld.sh

Amathuba kukuba ukuba uqhuba loo myalelo kwi-terminal yakho ngokukhawuleza uya kufumana impazamo yeemvume.

Ukunika iimvume zokuqhuba iskripthi ngale ndlela uthayiphe oku kulandelayo:

sudo chmod + x helloworld.sh

Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni apho? Kutheni unako ukuqhuba i-helloworld.sh ngaphandle kokuguqula iimvume kodwa usebenza ./helloworld.sh kubangele umcimbi?

Indlela yokuqala ilayisha umtoliki onokutshatyalaliswa okwenza i-helloworld.sh njengegalelo kwaye isebenza ukuba yenzeni na. Umtoliki ochaziweyo sele sele eneemvume zokuqhuba kwaye nje kufuneka asebenze imiyalelo kwiskripthi.

Indlela yesibini ivumela ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza isebenze ukuba yintoni enokuyenza kunye neskripthi kwaye ngoko ifuna ibinzana eliphumelelayo ukuze liphumeze.

Isibhengezo esingentla siphephile kodwa kwenzekani ukuba ufuna ukubonisa amanqaku okucaphuna?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza oku. Ngokomzekelo unokubeka i-backslash phambi kwamanqaku okucaphuna njengendlela elandelayo:

phendula \ "ihlabathi lombulelo \"

Oku kuza kuvelisa isiqhamo "ihlabathi lonenelo".

Lindela umzuzu, kuthekani ukuba ufuna ukubonisa \ "ihlabathi lomoya"?

Ngokuqinisekileyo ungazibalekela nabalingisi bokuphepha

phendula \\ "\" bonwaba \\ "\"

Oku kuza kuvelisa umkhiqizo \ "bonwaba umhlaba".

Ngoku ndiyazi oko ucingayo. Kodwa ngokwenene ndifuna ukubonisa \\ "\" ihlabathi lehlabathi \\ "\"

Ukusebenzisa i-echo kunye nabo bonke aba bantu abasindileyo bangakwazi ukuthobeka. Kukhona umyalelo ongasetyenziswa ngawo obizwa ngokuba ngu-printf.

Umzekelo:

printf '% s \ n' '\\ "\" uncedo lwehlabathi \\ "\"'

Qaphela ukuba isicatshulwa esikufunayo siphakathi kweempendulo ezifanayo. Umyalelo we-printf uphuma umbhalo kwiskripthi sakho. I-% s ithetha ukuba iya kubonisa umtya, i \ n yenza umgca omtsha.

Isishwankathelo

Asinakugubungela umhlaba omkhulu kwinxalenye eyodwa kodwa sinethemba lokuba unesiqendu sakho sokuqala sisebenza.

Kwisigaba esilandelayo siya kujonga ekuphuculeni kwi-script ye-hello yehlabathi ukubonisa imiyalezo ngemibala eyahlukileyo, yamkela uphathe iiparitha zokufakelwa, iinguqu kunye nokuphawula ikhowudi yakho.