Ukuthelekisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwi-Web-Device Web Design
Uyilo lwewebhu oluphendulayo nolungaguquguquliyo zombini iindlela zokudala iiwebhusayithi ezinobungane ezininzi ezisebenza kakuhle kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zesikrini. Nangona ukwakhiwa kwewebhu ukuphendula kuphakanyiswa yiGoogle kwaye kuyayithandwa kakhulu kwiindlela ezimbini, zombini le ndlela zendlela yokwenza idizayini yewebhu yonxibelelwano eneempawu ezinamandla kunye nobuthathaka babo.
Makhe sijonge ulwahlulo phakathi koyilo lwewebhu olumkelekileyo nolungaguqukiyo, ngokubhekiselele kule mimandla ephambili:
- Uphuhliso lophuhliso
- Umgangatho wolawulo onalo phezu koyilo
- Isisombululo senkxaso / ifowuni inkxaso
- Elibuhlobo bokomso isisombululo
- Isantya sokulanda kunye nokusebenza kwendawo
Ezinye iingcaciso
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kumacandelo ethu ngokuthelekiswa komda we-web design response and adaptive, makhe kuthathe isikhashana ukuba sijonge inkcazo ephakamileyo yeendlela ezi zimbini.
Iiwebhusayithi eziphendulayo zinomxholo okhulayo oguqula kwaye ulungelelanise kungakhathaliseki ukuba isayizi yeskrini sisetyenziswa. Imibuzo yemidiya ivumela iindawo eziphendulayo ukuba zitshintshe "kwi-fly" ukuba i-browser ishicilelwe.
Idizayini echanekileyo isebenzisa ubungakanani obuzimeleyo ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu okuphambanisa kwangaphambili ukuhambisa inguqu efanelekileyo yefayile yesayizi ebonakalayo xa iphepha kuqala lithwala.
Ngale nkcazo ebanzi endaweni, masibuyele kwiindawo zethu eziphambili zokugxila.
Uphuhliso loPhuhliso
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi koyilo lwewebhu olusabelayo kwaye lulungelelanise ngendlela ezi zizisebenzisayo kwiwebhusayithi. Ngenxa yokuba uyilo olusabelayo ludala ukulungiswa okupheleleyo kwamanzi, kuyona isetyenziswe kakuhle kwiiprojekthi apho uhlaziya kwakhona isayithi ukususela kumhlaba . Ukuzama ukuphindaphinda ikhowudi yewebhusayithi ekhoyo ukuba iphendule ngokuqhelekileyo yinto ephazamisayo ngenxa yokuba ungenayo inqanaba lolawulo oya kuba nalo xa uhlakulela le khowudi ukususela ekuqaleni kwaye uthabathe idizayini ephendulayo malunga neendlela zokuqala zaloo nkqubo . Oku kuthetha ukuba xa uphinde uvuselele isayithi ukuba uphendule, uyanyanzelekile ukuba wenze ukulungelelanisa ukuze uhlale ngaphakathi kwikhowudi yekhowudi ekhoyo.
Ukuba usebenza newebhusayithi ekhoyo ephezulu, indlela yokuguqulela ithetha ukuba ushiye ubukhulu ukuba isayithi yenzelwe ukuba ihambelane kwaye yongeze ngezinye iinkcukacha zokuncedisa xa zifuneka. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luyinto encinci, kwaye ukuba luza kubandakanya kuphela inani elincinci lomsebenzi wophuhliso, ungakhetha ukongeza kuphela amashishini okupakisha amashishini amancinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kuvumela izikrini ezinkulu ukuba zisetyenziswe ngendlela efanayo-mhlawumbi ingu-960 ye-breakpoint version eyayiyinto leyo eyayiyilungiselelwe ekuqaleni.
Indlela ejongene neendlela zokuguquguquka kukuba ungayisebenzisa kakuhle ikhowudi ye-site ekhoyo, kodwa enye yezinto eziphantsi kwayo kukuba udala iifomati zendlela ezahlukileyo zekhefu ngalinye ozikhethayo ukuxhasa. Oku kuya kuba nefuthe kumthwalo womsebenzi ofunekayo ukuphuhlisa nokugcina esi sixazululo kwixesha elide.
Ulawulo loyilo
Enye yamandla kwiwebhsayithi ezithintekayo kukuba i-fluidity yabo ivumela ukuba zilungelelanise kwaye zixhase zonke ubukhulu bezicatshulwa ngokuchasene neendlela zokupakisha zangaphambili ezibekwe kwindlela yokuguqulela. Okwenyani, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iindawo eziphendulayo zinokubonakala zikhulu kwezinye iiskrini ezithile eziphambili (ngokuqhelekileyo ubukhulu obuhambelana nezixhobo ezidumileyo ezikhoyo kwiimarike), kodwa ukuveliswa okubonakalayo kudla rhoqo phakathi kwezi zigqibo ezidumile.
Ngokomzekelo, isayithi inokubonakala ibonakala kummandla ophezulu-skrini wee-pixels ezili-1400, ubukhulu besikrini se-960 pixels, kwaye i-screen encinci ibheka iipixelli ezingama-480, kodwa kuthekani malunga neendawo eziphakathi kwezi zikhulu? Njengomyili, ongenakukwazi ukulawula oku phakathi kokuphakathi phakathi kobukhulu kunye nokubonakala kwendlela ebonakalayo kwiphepha kwezobukhulu kuninzi kuncinci.
Ngewebhusayithi eguquguqukayo, unakho ulawulo oluninzi loyilo phezu kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwayo kuba zibukhulu obukhulu ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho ezikhoyo. Ezi zinto zingenakunzima phakathi kwezona ndawo aziyiyo ingxaki ngenxa yokuba sele uyiqalile ngokukodwa "ukujonga" (intsingiselo yokubonisa nganye) eya kuhanjiswa kwiindwendwe.
Njengobuhle njengoko eli nqanaba lolawulo loyilo lungazwakala, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba liza ngexabiso. Ewe, ulawulo olupheleleyo phezu kwendlela yokujonga ngayo yonke into, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka utyalomle ixesha loyilo olufunekayo ukuyila nganye yezo ndawo ezikhethekileyo. Izixhobo ezininzi ozikhethayo ukuyila, ixesha elide uzakulichitha kulo msebenzi.
Isininzi seNkxaso
Ukubambisa i-web ephendulayo kunye nokulungelelanisayo kuyakuxhaswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngokukodwa kwiziphequluli zanamhlanje.
Iifayili ezithintekayo zifuna iinkalo zecala lonxibelelwano okanye i-Javascript yokujonga ubungakanani beskrini. Kuyacaca ukuba ukuba indawo eguquguqukayo idinga iJavascript, ithetha ukuba isiphequluli kufuneka sikwazi ukuyenza ukuze indawo leyo isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kungenakukukhathazeka kakhulu kuba abantu abaninzi baya kuba neJavascript kwiziphequluli zabo, kodwa nasiphi na ixesha isayithi inokuxhomekeke kunzima kunoma yintoni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe.
Iimwebhusayithi eziphendulayo kunye nemibuzo yeendaba ezibagunyazayo ziya kusebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iiphequluli zanamhlanje. Iingxaki kuphela oza kuba nazo ngeenguqu ezindala ze-Internet Explorer ekubeni iinguqu 8 kunye nezantsi zingayixhasi imibuzo yeendaba . Ukusebenza ngeenxa zonke , i-polyfill yeJavascript isetyenziswa rhoqo , oko kuthetha ukuba kukho uxhomekeke kwiJavascript apha, ubuncinane kwiinguqulelo ze-IE zangaphambili. Kwakhona, oku akunakho ukukhathazeka ngawe, ingakumbi ukuba i-analytics yakho yeewebhusayithi ibonisa ukuba awufumani iindwendwe ezininzi usebenzisa iinguqulelo zesiqulatho.
Ububele bokamva
Ubume bomnatha wewebhsayithi eziphendulayo kubanika inzuzo kwiindawo ezithintekayo xa kuziwa kubuhlobo obuzayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezo zindawo eziphendulayo azakhiwa ukulungiselela kuphela isethi yamaphakamiso angaphambili. Zizovumelanisa ukuhambelana nazo zonke izikrini , kubandakanye nezinto ezingenako ukuthengiswa namhlanje. Oku kuthetha ukuba iisayithi eziziphendulelayo aziyi kufuna ukuba "zilungiswe" ukuba isisombululo esitsha sekrini sithandwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukujonga iindidi ezintle kwi-device landscape (ngo-Agasti 2015, kwakukho amadivayisi angama-24 ahlukeneyo e-Android kwimarike), ukuba nesayithi elenza konke okusemgangathweni ukufumana olu luhlu lweefreythi lubaluleke ngokukodwa ekuthandeni ubuhlobo bokamva. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukubonakala kwendawo kungenakwenzeka ukuba ufumane ngaphantsi kwexesha elizayo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuyila izikrini ezithile okanye ubuncinane kuya kuba nzima, ukuba asizange sifikelele loo nyaniso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwaloo mzekeliso, ukuba isayithi iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kwaye ayifumananga nezigqibo ezintsha ezinokubaluleka kwiimarike, ngoko ke unyanzelekile ukuba ungeze ukuba uphendule kwiindawo ozidalileyo. Oku kwongeza ixesha lokuqulunqwa kunye nophuhliso kwiiprojekthi kwaye kuthetha ukuba ezo ziza kulungelelaniswa zimele zihlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho zikhefu ezintsha eziye zafakwa kwiimarike ezimele zongezwe kwisayithi. Kwakhona, kunye nefowuni eyahlukileyo ukuba yintoni, ukuba kufuneka uhlolisise ngokukhawuleza ubuninzi bobukhulu kunye nokubanako ukuhlala nabo ngeendlela ezintsha zokumelana nomba ngumngeni oqhubekayo oya kuba nefuthe kumsebenzi omele ukwenze ukuxhasa indawo kunye neendleko zaloo ndolozo. inkampani okanye intlangano leyo isayithi leyo.
Ukusebenza
Idizayini yewebhu ephendulayo isoloko ityholwa (ngokungafanelekanga kwiimeko ezininzi) isisombululo esisisityebi kwisantya sokukhuphela / ukujonga ukusebenza. Oku kubangelwa kukuba kwiintsuku zokuqala zale ndlela, abaninzi abaqulunqi bewebhu bavele bafumana imibuzo encinci yemidiya yesikrini kwiCSS ekhoyo yesayithi. Oku kwanyanzeliswa imifanekiso kunye nezibonelelo ezijoliswe kwizikrini ezinkulu ukuba zihanjiswe kuzo zonke iifowuni, nokuba ngaba ezo zikrini ezincinane azizange zizisebenzise kwiindawo zazo zokugqibela. Uyilo oluyimpendulo luye lwaba lude kwindlela ezo ntsuku kwaye inyaniko kukuba iindawo ezinokumelana nomgangatho namhlanje azihlupheki kwiingxaki zokusebenza.
Isantya sokukhuphela ngokukhawuleza kunye newebhsayithi ezicatshulwayo ayiyiyo ingxaki yewebhusayithi yokuphendula - yinkinga enokufumaneka kuwo onke amawebhusayithi. Izithombe ezinzima kakhulu, zondla kwiimidiya zentlalo, iincwadi zeempendulo ezingaphezulu kunye nezinye kwaye zilinganise isayithi phantsi, kodwa zombini iiwebhusayithi eziphendulayo nezilungeleyo zingakhiwa ukukhawuleza. Ngokuqinisekileyo , zinokuthi zakhiwe ngendlela engenzi nto ibalulekileyo, kodwa oku akusiyo isicombululo ngokwayo, kodwa kunoko umzekelo weqela elibandakanyekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwesiza ngokwaso.
Ngaphandle kweSicwangciso
Enye yezona nkalo eziphosakeleyo zokuyila i-web design kuyinto yokuba awuyikulawula kuphela uyilo lwesayithi ukubeka ikhefu, kodwa nezixhobo ezithunyelwa kwiinguqulelo zesiza. Ngokomzekelo, oku kuthetha ukuba imifanekiso ye-retina ingathunyelwa kuphela kumadivayisi we-retina, ngelixa i-non-retina izikrini zifumana imifanekiso enemifanekiso efanelekileyo encinci kwisayizi yefayile. Ezinye izixhobo zendawo (iifayile zeJavascript, izitayela ze-CSS, njl.) Zingabonwa ngokukhawuleza xa zifuneka kwaye ziya kusetyenziswa.
Ukusetyenziswa koyilo lwewebhu olulungelelwano luya ngaphaya kwe-equation elula "xa uphinde ufunde i-website, ukulungelelanisa inokuba yindlela elula yokuyisebenzisa." Zonke iisayithi, kuquka ukuhlaziywa okupheleleyo, zinokuzuza kwiindlela ezinengqiqo kumava afanelekileyo.
Lo mzekelo ubonisa ubunjani beli "mpikiswano engqinelanayo". Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba indlela yokuguqulela ingaba ilungele ngakumbi kunokuba iphendule indawo yokubuyisela indawo, ingaba nesisombululo esikhulu sokuhlaziywa ngokugcwele. Ngokufanayo, ngezinye iimeko indlela yokuphendula isenokufakwa kwi-code-base-code-base-code-based base-site, enikezela loo ndawo zonke iinjongo zendlela yokuphendula ngokupheleleyo.
Yiyiphi indlela engcono?
Xa kufikelele ekuphenduleni ngokubhekiselele kumklamo wewebhu olungeleleneyo, akukho "ophumelelayo" ocacileyo, nangona ukuphendula ngokuqinisekileyo kuyindlela eyaziwayo. Enyanisweni, indlela "engcono" incike kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ethile. Ukongezelela, oku akufuneki ukuba "yiyo / okanye" imeko. Kukho abaqeqeshi bewebhu abaninzi abakha iziza ezidibanisa i-web design ephezulu (ukusasaza kwamanzi, ukuxhaswa kwexesha elizayo) kunye namandla okuyila ngokufanelekileyo (ukulungiswa kobuncwane, ukulayishwa okuphezulu kwezixhobo zendawo).
Ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-RESS (I-Web Site Design Responsive with Side Side Components), le ndlela ibonisa ukuba akukho "ubungakanani obufanayo" obuvumelana nesisombululo. "Ukubumba kwewebhu kunye nokulungelelanisa banamandla kunye nemingeni yabo, ngoko kufuneka iya kusebenza kakuhle kwiprojekthi yakho ethile, okanye ukuba isisombululo se-hybrid sinokufanelana nani.