Kuchukumisa abafundi abaninzi ngeendawo ezihambelana neemfuno zabantu bonke
Ngokwenza iwebhusayithi yakho ifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo, ugqiba ukwenza oko kufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umntu. Enyanisweni, ukwenza iwebhusayithi yakho ifikeleleke ngakumbi inokunceda abantu bafumane iwebhusayithi yakho kwiinjini zokukhangela. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba iinjini zophando zisebenzisa ezinye zeempawu ezifanayo ezifundwa ngabafundi bekrini ukuze bafumane kwaye baqonde umxholo wewebhusayithi yakho.
Kodwa ngaba wenza njani iwebhusayithi efikelelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba ube yingcali yekhowudi?
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso kunye namaqhinga ukuba phantse nabani na ulwazi olusisiseko lwe-HTML abangasebenzisa ukuphucula ukufikelela kwabo kwiwebhusayithi.
Izixhobo zokufikelela kwiWebhu
I-W3C inoluhlu olumnandi lweetayitifiketi zokufikeleleka kwewebhu ongazisebenzisa njengesihloli ukuba ubone iingxaki ezinokubakho kwiwebhusayithi yakho. Oko kwathiwa, ndiyakhuthaza ukuba wenze okunye ukuhlolisisa nge-screen reader kwaye uzibonele yona.
Ukufunda okudibeneyo: Yintoni iTheknoloji yoNcedo kunye nendlela eSebenza ngayo?
Ukuqonda Abafundi beZkrini
Enye yezona ndlela ezibalulekileyo unokuphucula ukufikeleleka kwewebhusayithi yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaqondwa ngabafundi bekrini. Abafundi bekrini basebenzisa igama elihlanganisiweyo ukuze bafunde umbhalo kwiskrini. Oku kuvakaleka ngokuthe ngqo; Nangona kunjalo, abafundi beeskrini abanakho ukuqonda iwebhusayithi yakho ngendlela okwenza ngayo njengamanje.
Into yokuqala ongathanda ukuyenza kukuba uzame umfundi wekrini kwaye ubone indlela ehamba ngayo. Ukuba ukhona kwi-Mac, zama ukusebenzisa i-VoiceOver.
- Yiya kwiiNqweno zokuHlola.
- Khetha Ukufikelela.
- Khetha VoiceOver.
- Hlola ibhokisi ukuze Vumela VoiceOver.
Unako ukuguqula kwaye ukhupha usebenzisa umyalelo-F5.
Ukuba usekhompyutheni yeWindows, unokufuna ukulanda i-NVDA. Ungayifaka ukuze uguqule kwaye ukhuphe ngokulawula okufutshane-ndlela + alt + n.
Bobabini abafundi bekrini benza umsebenzi ngokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahambe ngebhodibhodi (oku kunengqiqo - ukuba awukwazi ukubona, ukusebenzisa imouse kuya kuba ngumngeni) nangokudala indawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuhamba. Ugxininiso lubaluleke kakhulu apho ikhibhodi "ikhonkxiwe," kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo iboniswa njengebhokisi eligqityiweyo malunga nomxholo wokugxila endaweni yesicacisi.
Ungatshintsha zombini i-pitch yezwi kunye nesantya apho ilizwi lifundwa ukuba izicwangciso ezizenzekelayo ziyakhathaza (kwaye emva kwemizuzu engamahlanu ukuphulaphula ukufundwa kwezwi elide, ngokuqhelekileyo zikhona). Abantu abayimfama bavame ukufunda iwebhusayithi kunye nabafundi babo bekrini ababethelwe kwizantya eziphezulu.
Oku kunokukunceda ukuvala amehlo njengoko wenza oku, kodwa kunokukunceda ukuwagcina uvule kwaye uqhathanise. Ezinye zezinto oza kuzibona ngokukhawuleza xa uzama ukuphulaphula kwiwebhusayithi yakho kukuba ezinye zeetekisi zingaphantsi komyalelo. Izihloko kunye neetafile zingaphazamiseka. Imifanekiso inokuthi yehla okanye ithi "umfanekiso" okanye into engalinganiyo. Iifayile zihlala zifundwa njengoluhlu lwezinto ngaphandle komxholo.
Unako, ngethemba, lungisa le nto.
Alt-Tags okanye Alternative Attribute
I-alt-tag okanye enye indawo (alt) isetyenziswe kwi-HTML ukuchaza umfanekiso. Kwi-HTML, ibonakala into enje:
Nangona wenza iwebhusayithi yakho nge sixhobo esibubonayo esifihla ikhowudi yakho ye-HTML, uya kuba soloko unalo ithuba lokungena inkcazelo yomfanekiso. Awukwazi ukungena nto (alt = "") kodwa kuya kuba ngcono ukuba unike umfanekiso ngamnye ngcaciso efanelekileyo. Ukuba ubuyimfama, yintoni oyimfuneko yokwazi ngomfanekiso? "Owesifazane" akuncedi uncedo, kodwa mhlawumbi "Umfazi odweba umzobo wokutshintsha i-chart kuquka ukufikeleleka, ukusetyenziswa, ukutshatyalaliswa kwempawu kunye nokuyila."
Umbhalo wesihloko
I-intanethi ayisoloko ibonisa itekisi yetihloko ze-HTML, kodwa iluncedo kubafundi bekrini. Qinisekisa ukuba iphepha ngalinye lewebhu lewebhu linemifanekiso echazayo (kodwa engabonakaliyo ngokugqithiseleyo) esichazela iindwendwe malunga neli phepha.
Nika IWebhusayithi Yakho Ulwazi Olufanelekileyo Ulawulo Oluphezulu
Qhawula iincwadi ezibhaliweyo zetekisi kunye neentloko, kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa iintloko kunye ne-H1, H2, H3 yolawulo olufanelekileyo. Akukwenzanga nje ukuba iwebhusayithi yakho ibe lula kubafundi bekrini, yenza kube lula kubo bonke abantu. Kwakhona umqondiso omkhulu kwiGoogle nakwezinye iinjongo zokukhangela ukubanceda ngcono ukulolonga iwebhusayithi yakho.
Ngokufanayo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iwebhusayithi yakho inomxholo oqulathekileyo kwaye ungenayo ibhokisi yeenkcukacha ezingahambelani ezibonakalayo. Ukuba usebenzisa iintengiso, qaphela ukuba iintengiso zakho azixhomekanga kwaye ziphulaphula itekisi kwiwebhusayithi yakho rhoqo.
Yenza iTable Tables
Ukuba usebenzisa itafile ze-HTML, unokongeza amagama-magama kwietafile zakho usebenzisa itekisi ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuyiqonda ngabafundi bekrini kunokuba nje wenze isihloko setafile ngokubhaliweyo. Ungakwazi ukongeza isalathisi "sendawo" kwaye ubhalele ngokucacileyo imigca emitsha kunye neikholomu kwitheyibhile yakho ukuze abafundi bekrini bangabonakali nje kwinqanaba leeseli zetafile ngaphandle kokunika nayiphi na imeko.
UkuKhenketha kwekhibhodi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, nantoni na oyifaka kwiwebhusayithi yakho kufuneka ibe yinto enokuthi umntu angacinga ukusebenzisa ikhibhodi kuphela. Oko kuthetha ukuba iifayile zakho zokuhamba kufuneka zingabi ziimpawu ezinqamlekileyo zokubetha phantsi ukuba awukwazi ukuzisebenzisa kunye nomfundi wesikrini (zama kwaye ubone ukuba awuqinisekanga - ezinye iifayile zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwebhobhobhodi.)
Amazwi eValiweyo
Ukuba ungeze iividiyo okanye izinto ezilalelwayo kwiwebhusayithi yakho, kufuneka babe neengcaphuno. I-HTML5 kunye neenkonzo ezininzi zokusasazwa kwevidiyo (njenge-YouTube) zinikela ngenkxaso-nkcazo evaliweyo. Iingcaphuno ezivaliweyo zingabalulekanga kuphela ukufikeleleka kodwa kunye nabasebenzisi abanokuphequlula iwebhusayithi yakho kwindawo apho bengakwazi ukudlala umsindo, njengaseofisi okanye kwindawo enomsindo.
Ukufumana iipodcasts okanye ezinye izandi zomsindo, cinga ukubonelela ngeteksi. Akunakucala kuphela abantu abangakwazi ukuphulaphula i-audio, ukuba itekisi izenze kube lula kwi-Google nakwezinye iinjongo zokukhangela ukubonisa uluhlu kunye nokunceda u-Google usezingeni .
ARIA
Ukuba ufuna ukuya kwinqanaba eliphambili lokufikeleleka, i-HTML5 ARIA okanye i-WAI-ARIA iinkcazo zijolise ekubeni ngumgangatho omtsha oya phambili. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyinkqubo enobunzima (kwaye iyavela) yobugcisa, ngoko ke ungakwenza ntoni ukusebenzisa umgunyazisi we-ARIA ukukhangela ukuze ubone ukuba ingaba iwebhusayithi yakho inemiba ongayibamba nayo. I-Mozilla nayo inekhokelo engenekayo yokuqalisa nge-ARIA.