Intshayelelo
Umyalelo we-Linux grep isetyenziswe njengendlela yokucoca igalelo.
I-GREP imele i-Global Printing Expression Printer kwaye ngoko ukuze uyisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ube nolwazi malunga namazwi avamile.
Kule nqaku, ndiza kukubonisa imizekelo emininzi enokukunceda uqonde umyalelo we-grep.
01 ka 09
Indlela Yokukhangela I-String In A File usebenzisa iGreen
Khawucinge ukuba unefayile yombhalo ebizwa ngokuba yiincwadi ezilandelayo:
- Robin Hood
- Into yokuqabela encinci
- Peter Pan
- I-Goldilocks kunye neentlobo ezintathu
- I-Snow White kunye neeNtsuku ezisixhenxe
- Pinnochio
- I-Cat In Hat
- Iintlanzi ezintathu
- Gruffalo
- UCharlie kunye neChocolate Factory
Ukufumana zonke iincwadi ngegama elithi "The" kwisihloko uzakusebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
grep Iincwadi
Ezi zilandelayo ziza kubuyiselwa:
- I-Goldilocks kunye neentlobo ezintathu
- I-Snow White kunye neeNtsuku ezisixhenxe
- I-Cat In Hat
- Iintlanzi ezintathu
- Gruffalo
- UCharlie kunye neChocolate Factory
Kwimeko nganye, igama elithi "The" liza kugqitywa.
Qaphela ukuba uphando luyinkathalo yesohlwayo ukuba enye yezihloko ibe "ye" endaweni ye "I" ngoko ayiyi kubuyiselwa.
Ukungahoywa kwimeko ungayongeza umtshintsho olandelayo:
gcoba iincwadi -i-caseore-case
Ungasebenzisa kwakhona -i tshintsha ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
grep -i iincwadi
02 we-09
Khangela i-String In A File usebenzisa i-Wildcards
Umyalelo we-grep unamandla kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa ubuninzi beendlela zokufanisa iphethini ukucoca iziphumo.
Kulo mzekelo, ndiza kukubonisa indlela yokukhangela umtya kwifayile usebenzisa i- wildcards .
Cinga ukuba unefayile ebizwa ngokuba yiindawo kunye neendawo ezilandelayo zaseScotland:
aberdeen
aberystwyth
ukuxhamla
inverurie
ukungena
ulawulo olutsha
intwana entsha
entsha
glasgow
edinburgh
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana zonke iindawo nge-inver egameni sebenzisa i syntax elandelayo:
iindawo zokugaya
I-asterisk (*) i-wildcard imele i-0 okanye ezininzi. Ngoko ke ukuba unendawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-inver okanye indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-inverness, bobabini baya kubuyiselwa.
Enye i-wildcard ongayisebenzisa yithuba (.). Unokusebenzisa oku ukufanisa ileta enye.
iindawo zokugcoba
Umyalelo ongentla ungayifumana indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-inverurie kwaye inverary kodwa ayifumananga invererie kuba kukho enye i-wildcard enye phakathi kwee-r ezimbini njengoko kuchazwe ngexesha elilodwa.
Ixesha le-wildcard liluncedo kodwa lingabangela iingxaki ukuba unalo njengenxalenye yesicatshulwa osicinga.
Umzekelo jonga kule uluhlu lwamagama wesizinda
- linux.about.com
- pcsupport.about.com
- mp3.about.com
- minecraft.about.com
- androidgames.about.com
- abasebenzisi abaqhagamshelwano.about.com
- dailylinuxuser.com
- google.co.uk
- google.au
- ngqo.gov.uk
Ukufumana yonke i-about.coms unokucinga nje usebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
grep * nge * domainnames
Umyalelo ongentla ungaphantsi xa uluhlu luqulethwe igama elilandelayo kulo:
- dailylinuxuser.com/about.html
Ngoko ke, unokuzama le syntax elandelayo:
grep * about.com domainnames
Oku kuya kusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokuba kukho idibansi enegama elilandelayo:
aboutycom.com
Ukufuna ngokwenene igama malunga ne-about.com kufuneka ubaleke kwinqanaba elilandelayo:
grep * malunga \ .com amagama
I-wildcard yokugqibela ukubonisa ukuba ngumbuzo umbuzo omelela u-zero okanye umlingisi omnye.
Umzekelo:
iilpenames
Umyalelo ongentla ungabuya u-aberdeen, u-aberystwyth okanye u-berwick.
03 ka 09
Ukukhangela Iziqalo Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni Kwendlela usebenzisa i-grep
I-carat (^) kunye nedola (iirekhodi) ikuvumela ukuba ufune iipatheni ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwemigca.
Cinga ukuba unefayile ebizwa ngebhola ngegama elilandelayo leqela:
- Blackpool
- Liverpool
- SaseManchester City
- KwiSixeko saseLeicester
- imanchester United
- ENewcastle United
- FC United yaseManchester
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana onke amaqela aqala ngeManchester uya kusebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
Grey ^ amaqela aseManchester
Umyalelo ongentla ungabuya eManchester City naseManchester United kodwa kungekhona iFran United yaseManchester.
Ngaphandle koko unokufumana onke amaqela aphelisa i-United usebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
amaqela e-United amaGrap
Umyalelo ongasentla wawuya kubuya eManchester United naseNewcastle United kodwa kungekho FC United yaseManchester.
04 we-09
Ukubala Inombolo Yokufanisa Ukusebenzisa i-grep
Ukuba awufuni ukubuyela kwimigca yangempela efanisa iphethini usebenzisa i-grep kodwa ufuna nje ukwazi ukuba uninzi kangakanani ongasebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
igrap -c yefayile yefayile
Ukuba umzekelo wawufaniswe kabini ngoko inombolo 2 iya kubuyiselwa.
05 ka 09
Ukufumana Zonke Iimpawu ezingagqibekanga usebenzisa i-grep
Cinga ukuba unoluhlu lwamagama eendawo kunye namazwe adweliswe ngale ndlela:
- aberdeen scotland
- glasgow scotland
- kwiLiverpool england
- i-colwyn bay
- london england
Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba indawo ye-colwyn ayinayo ilizwe elinxulumene nayo.
Ukukhangela zonke iindawo ngelizwe ungasebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
indawo yeerpal
Iziphumo zokubuyiselwa ziya kuba zonke iindawo ngaphandle kwendawo ye-colwyn.
Oku kubonakala kusebenza kuphela kwiindawo eziphela kumhlaba (kungekhona isayensi).
Ungakuguqula ukhetho usebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
indawo ye-grep -v indawo
Oku kuya kufumana zonke iindawo ezingapheliyo ngomhlaba.
06 ka 09
Indlela Yokufumana Iimpawu ezingenanto kwiifayile usebenzisa i-grep
Khawucinge ukuba unayo ifayile yokufakwayo esetyenziswa ngumntu wesithathu wesicelo oyeka ukufunda ifayili xa ithola umgca ongenanto ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- aberdeen scotland
- scotland
- kwiLiverpool england
- i-colwyn bay wales
Xa isicelo sifika kumgca emva kwe-liverpool siyayeka ukufunda i-bay e-colwyn isichaso ngokupheleleyo.
Ungasebenzisa i-grep ukucinga imigca engenanto kunye ne syntax elandelayo:
iindawo ze-grep ^ zaseburhulumenteni
Ngelishwa le nto ayiluncedo kuba ibuyisela imigca engagcini.
Unako ukufumana inani leenombolo ezingenanto njengekhenkile ukuze ubone ukuba ifayile isebenzayo ngolu hlobo:
indawo ye-grep -c ^ $
Kodwa kuya kuba luncedo ngakumbi ukwazi amanani omgca ongenanto engenanto ukuze ubeke endaweni yawo. Unokwenza oko ngomyalelo olandelayo:
i-grep -n ^ iindawo zeedola
07 ka 09
Indlela Yokukhangela Iimpawu Zobuncwane Bamagama Abancinci okanye Abancinci usebenzisa i-grep
Ukusebenzisa i-grep unganquma ukuba yiyiphi imigca kwifayili inobumba abakhulu usebenzisa i syntax elandelayo:
igama legama elithi "[AZ] '
Amakhonkco eekwere [] akuvumele ukuba ufumane uluhlu lwabalingiswa. Kulo mzekelo ungentla ufanisana nawuphi na umgca ophakathi kwe-A no-Z.
Ngako oko ukufanisa abalinganiswa abancinci ungasebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
igama elithi 'az' '
Ukuba ufuna ukufanisa kuphela iileta kwaye kungabinombolo okanye ezinye iisimboli ungasebenzisa le syntax elandelayo:
igama legama elithi '[a-zA-Z]'
Unokwenza okufanayo kunye namanani njengalandelayo:
grep '[0-9]' igama lefayile
08 ka 09
Ukukhangela Ukuphinda Iipateni usebenzisa i-grep
Ungasebenzisa iibhanki ezicwangcisiweyo {} ukukhangela iphethini ephinda.
Cinga ukuba unayo ifayile eneenombolo zefowuni ngolu hlobo:
- 055-1234
- 055-4567
- 555-1545
- 444-0167
- 444-0854
- 4549-2234
- x44-1234
Uyazi ukuba inxalenye yokuqala yenani kufuneka idijithali ezintathu kwaye ufuna ukufumana imigca engavumelani nalo mzekelo.
Ukususela kumzekelo wangaphambili uyazi ukuba [0-9] ubuyisela zonke iinombolo kwifayile.
Kulo mzekelo sifuna imigca eqala ngamanani amathathu alandelwa ngongoma (-). Unokwenza oko nge syntax elandelayo:
grep "^ [0-9] [0-9] [0-9] -" amanani
Njengoko sifunda kwimimiselo yangaphambili i-carat (^) ithetha ukuba umgca kufuneka uqale ngephethini elilandelayo.
I [0-9] izakufuna nayiphi na inombolo phakathi kwe-0 no-9. Njengoko oku kufakwa kathathu kufana namanani amathathu. Ekugqibeleni kukho ingqungquthela yokubonisa ukuba i-hyphen kufuneka iphumelele manani amathathu.
Ngokusebenzisa iibhanki ezikhawulayo ungenza uphendlo oluncinci lulandelayo:
grep "^ [0-9] \ {3 \} -" amanani
I-slash iphunyuka kwi-{bracket ukuze isebenze njengenxalenye yesibonakaliso esisoloko kodwa into enje oko kuthetha [0-9] {3} oku kuthetha nayiphi na inombolo phakathi kwe-0 no-9 kathathu.
Abakhonkqo abalukiweyo bangasetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
{5,10}
{5,}
I-{5,10} ithetha ukuba umlingiswa ophandwayo kufuneka aphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ama-5 kodwa angabi ngaphezu kwe-10 kanti i-{5,} ithetha ukuba umlingiswa kufuneka aphindaphindwe amaxesha angama-5 kodwa angaphezu kweyo.
09 we 09
Ukusebenzisa I-Output evela kwezinye iiMithetho usebenzisa i-grep
Ngaloo ndlela siye sajonga umzekelo ohambelana neefayili ngamnye kodwa i-grep ingasebenzisa imveliso evela eminye imiyalelo njengenjongo yokufanisa iphethini.
Umzekelo omkhulu wale nto usebenzisa umyalelo we-ps o dwelisa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.
Umzekelo sebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
ps -ef
Zonke iinkqubo eziqhubayo kwinkqubo yakho ziya kuboniswa.
Ungasebenzisa i-grep ukukhangela inkqubo ethile yokusebenza njengendlela elandelayo:
ps -ef | grep firefox