Qonda i-Metadata: Ulwazi olufihliweyo kwiifayile zeefoto
Umbuzo: Yintoni i-Metadata?
Mayelana ne-EXIF, IPTC kunye ne-XMP Metadata ezisetyenziswe kwi-Graphics Software
Impendulo: I- Metadata lixesha leenkcukacha ezichazayo ezifakwe ngaphakathi komfanekiso okanye olunye uhlobo lwefayili. I-Metadata ibaluleke ngokubaluleka kule minyaka yezithombe zedijithali apho abasebenzisi bafuna indlela yokugcina ulwazi ngemifanekiso yabo ephathekayo kwaye ihlala kunye nefayile, ngoku kunye nakwixesha elizayo.
Olunye uhlobo lweemethadatha ngolwazi olongezelelweyo oluphantse lugcine zonke iikhamera zedijithali kunye nemifanekiso yakho. Imethadatha efakwe yikhamera yakho ibizwa ngokuba yi-EXIF yedatha, emele ifomati yefayile eguqukayo. Ininzi yesofthiwe yesitoreji yesitoreji ingabonisa ulwazi lwe-EXIF kumsebenzisi, kodwa kaninzi alulungiswa.
- Konke malunga ne-EXIF Ulwazi kwiifayile zeefayile ze-Digital
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo zemethadatha ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake ulwazi lwabo oluchazayo kwisithombe segedijithali okanye ifayile yesithombe. Le methadatha ingaquka iimpawu zesithombe, ulwazi lobunikazi, inkcazo, iikhredithi, amagama angundoqo, usuku lokudala nendawo, ulwazi lomthombo, okanye imiyalelo ekhethekileyo. Iifom ezimbini zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iifayile zeefayile ziyi-IPTC kunye ne-XMP.
- IPTC ngumgangatho ophuhliswe ngawo-1970 yi-International Press Telecommunications Council. Ekuqaleni kwaphuhliswa njengomgangatho wokutshintshisiswa kolwazi phakathi kwemibutho yeendaba kwaye iguquke ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngomnyaka we-1994, ifomu ye-Adobe Photoshop "Ifayile yeFayile" yabanika abasebenzisi ukungenisa nokuhlela i-IPTC imethadatha kwiifayile zedijithali kwaye ke yamkelwa yi-ejenti yezithombe ze-stock kunye namanye amashishini okupapasha ngaphandle kweendaba.
- I-XMP yi-XML esekelwe kwi-"Platform Extensible Metadata" esekelwe ngu-Adobe ngo-2001. I-Adobe isebenze ne-IPTC ukuba ifake "iincwadi ze-IPTC" zangaphambili kwisikhokelo esitsha se-XMP kwaye ngo-2005 "i-IPTC Core Schema ye-XMP" yachazwa . I-XMP ngumthombo ovulekileyo, umgangatho oseburhulumenteni, okwenza kube lula kubaphuhlisi ukuba bamkele iinkcukacha kwi-software yesithathu. I-metadata ye-XMP ingafakwa kwiindidi ezininzi zefayile , kodwa kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, ngokubanzi igcinwe kwiifayile ze- JPEG ne-TIFF .
Ininzi yesofthiwe ye-photo-editing and image management software inikeza amandla okungena kunye nokuhlela imethadatha kwifayile yakho yomfanekiso, kwaye kukho ezininzi iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza nazo zonke iintlobo zemethadatha kuquka i-EXIF, i-IPTC kunye ne-XMP. Elinye isofthiwe edala ayinakuxhasa imethadatha, kwaye ubeka ingozi ekulahlekeleni le ngcaciso xa uhlela kwaye ulondoloze iifayile zakho ngeemethadatha ezifakwe kwiprogram engayixhasi.
Ngaphambi kwezi miselo zeemethadatha, yonke inkqubo yokulawula imifanekiso ineendlela zayo zokugcina imifanekiso yolwazi, oko kuthetha ukuba ulwazi alufumanekanga ngaphandle kwesofthiwe - ukuba uthumele isithombe komnye umntu, ulwazi oluchazayo aluhambanga nalo . I-Metadata ivumela le nkcazelo ukuba ithunyelwe ngefayili, ngendlela engayiqondwa ngenye i-software, i-hardware kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Iyakwazi ukudluliselwa phakathi kwifom yefayile.
Ukwabelana ngeSithombe kunye neMetadata
Ngoku kutshanje, ngokunyuka kwesithombe sokwabelana ngezonxibelelwano ezifana ne-Facebook, kukho ukwesaba nokukhathazeka malunga nolwazi lomntu siqu njengendawo yedatha ebandakanywe kwimethadatha yezithombe ezabelwana ngazo kwi-intanethi. Kodwa ukwesaba kunzima, nangona kunjalo, ekubeni zonke iinqununu zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo zithatha ininzi imethadatha kuquka ulwazi lwendawo okanye i-GPS izilungiso.
Imibuzo? Amazwana? Thumela kwiHlabathi!
Buyela kwi-Graphics Glossary