Isikhokelo esisisiseko kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza kweLinux

by UGary Newell

Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubonisa izinto abasebenzisi kufuneka bazi ngaphambi kokuba bafake i-Linux.

Uza kufumana apha impendulo kwimibandela eninzi kubandakanywa nokuba yintoni le nto ye-Linux nantoni na, yintoni umehluko phakathi kwe-Linux kunye ne-GNU / Linux, yiyiphi i-Linux distributions kwaye kutheni baninzi kangaka?

01 ngo-15

Yintoni iLinux?

Yintoni iLinux.

I-Linux, njenge-WIndows yinkqubo yokusebenza.

Kungaphezulu koko. I-Linux iyinjini esetyenziselwa ukulawula amandla okusebenza kwidesktophu, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Distribution, njenge-Ubuntu, i-Red Hat ne-Debian.

Kwakhona kusetyenziswa ukulawula i-Android esetyenziswa kwiifowuni kunye namacwecwe.

I-Linux isetyenziselwa ukubeka i-smart kwi-teknoloji ehlakaniphile njengama-televisions, amafriji, iindlela zokufudumeza kunye ne-lightbulbs.

Ndibhalile isikhokelo esipheleleyo ngakumbi "Yintoni iLinux" apha .

02 we-15

Yintoni i-GNU / Linux?

Linux Vs GNU / Linux.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iLuxu isetyenziswe njengento yokubamba-lonke ixesha kwiiprogram kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-desktop Linux ukuba yintoni.

Iprojekthi ye-GNU inoxanduva lenani elikhulu lezixhobo ezisetyenziselwe kunye neKernel ye Linux.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa uva i-GNU / Linux igama lifana neLinux kwaye ngamanye amaxesha xa usebenzisa nje i-Linux igama elithi umntu uya kukuqhankqalaza athi "uthetha i-GNU / Linux".

Andiyi kuxhalaba kakhulu malunga noko, nangona kunjalo. Abantu bahlala besithi igama elithi hoover xa bethetha ukucoca i-vacuum, okanye i-Sellotape xa bethetha i-tape ene-sticky.

03 we-15

Ulwabiwo lwe Linux?

Ukunikezelwa kweLinux.

KwiLinux yayo ayikho into encedisayo. Kufuneka ungeze ezinye iiprogram kunye nezixhobo kuyo ukuze wenze oko ufuna ukuba.

Ngokomzekelo, ifriji ye Linux ifowuni ayiyi kusebenza kunye neLinux kuphela. Omnye umntu kufuneka abhale iinkqubo kunye nabaqhubi beefowuni ezifunekayo ukulawula i-thermostat, ukuvelisa isibonakaliso esibonisa ukushisa kunye nayo yonke into ebonwa ukuba yenza ifriji ihlakaniphile .

Ukunikezelwa kwe-Linux kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-kernel ye-Linux, kunye nezixhobo ze-GNU ezongeziweyo phezulu kunye nesethi yezinye izicelo abacebisi banquma ukuyihlanganisa ndawonye ukuze bahanjiswe.

Ukusabalalisa i-desktop ye-Linux ngokubanzi iyakhiwe kunye nezinye okanye zonke izixhobo ezilandelayo:

I Linux kernel
GNU / Izixhobo
Umphathi wokubonisa
Umphathi we window
Indawo ye desktop
Isifaki
Abaphathi bephakheji
Isoftware ye-Desktop ezifana ne-office suites, abaxumi be-imeyile, izikhangeli zewebhu, abadlali bevidiyo, abadlali be-audio, njll

04 we-15

Kutheni Kukhona Uninzi lweLuxux Distribution?

Ukunikezelwa kweLinux.

Lo ngumbuzo omhle kwaye enye ingaphenduli lula.

Wonke umntu unengcamango yakhe ngokubhekiselele kwinto abayifunayo inkqubo yokusebenza kwaye ngaphezu kokuba abantu banemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu baneekhomputer ezinamandla kangangokuthi bafuna yonke imiphumo yekrini xaxa abanye baya kuba ne-netbook ephantsi.

Ngokukhawuleza, ukusuka kumzekelo ongentla, ungabona imfuneko yezabelo ezimbini zeLuxux.

Abanye abantu bafuna ukuba nazo zonke iisofthiwe zakutsha ngokukhawuleza xa ziyafumaneka ngelixa ezinye zifuna isofthiwe esilungile. Ukunikezelwa kwamanani amaninzi kubakho ngenxa yokuba banikela amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuzinzileyo.

U-Fedora, umzekelo, unayo yonke impawu kodwa i-Debian iqinile ngakumbi kodwa inesofthiwe edala.

I-Linux inikezela ngokukhethekileyo. Kukho abaphathi beefestile ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zedesktop (ungakhathazeki siza kufikelela kwizinto ezikufutshane).

Ezinye izabelo zikhoyo ngenxa yokuba zizalisekisa enye indawo yendalo yedeskritri ngelixa elinye lingenza umgangatho we desktop.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusabalalisa okuninzi kwaye kuninzi ngenxa yokuba abaphuhlisi bafumene i-niche.

Njengamashishini kunye namaqela ompapa, ukuhanjiswa kweLinux ezininzi akusinda kodwa kukho ezinye iimpazamo ezinkulu zeLuxux eziza kubakho ngekamva elibonakalayo.

05 we-15

Yiyiphi i-Linux Distribution okufanele ndiyisebenzise?

I-Distrowatch.

Le mibuzo mhlawumbi ibuzwa kakhulu kwiimpendulo zeReddit, Quora, ne-Yahoo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo umbuzo ndibuzwa kakhulu.

Lo ngumbuzo ongenakwenzeka ukuba uphendule kuba njengengongoma yesi-4 ichaza wonke umntu unemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Ndibhalile isikhokelo esibonisa indlela yokukhetha ukuhanjiswa kwe-Linux kodwa ekupheleni kosuku lukhetho lwazo.

Ukusasazwa kwam kubasebenzisi abatsha kwi-Linux kubandakanya Ubuntu, Linux Mint, PCLinuxOS kunye neZorin OS.

Ingcebiso yam kukuba ukuya kwi-Distrowatch, jonga kwii-rankings phantsi kwesokudla, funda iinkcazo zemishumo, zama ama-distributions ambalwa kwi-Virtualbox kwaye wenze ingqondo yakho ngokubhekiselele kuyo.

06 we-15

Ngaba iLuxi ikhululekileyo ngokwenene?

Ngaba Linux Simahla.

Kukho imimiselo emibini oza kudla ukuva malunga neLuxu:

Ikhululekile njengasebhiya
Ikhululekile njengentetho

Lithetha ukuthini loo magama?

Ukukhululeka njengokuba kusela ubhiya kuthetha ukuba yintoni na iindleko zokusebenzisa imali. Ukuba ucingisisa ngalo ubhiya ngokusemthethweni akhululekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka uhlawule ibhiya. Ngoko ke ukuba umntu enika ubhiya mahhala uya kumangaliswa.

Hayi, ukuqagela ntoni? Uninzi lwezabelo zeLuxux zinikezelwa ngokukhululeka kwaye zithathwa njengokuba zikhululekile njengotywala.

Kukho ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux ephethe imali efana ne-Red Hat Linux kunye ne-ELive kodwa ininzi inikwe inkululeko kwindawo yokusetyenziswa.

Ikhululekile njengethuba lentetho libhekisela kwindlela osebenzisa ngayo izinto ezenza iLuxux ezifana nezixhobo, ikhowudi yomthombo, amaxwebhu, imifanekiso kunye nayo yonke into.

Ukuba unako ukukhuphela, ulungise kwaye uphinde uphinde ufake into efana namaphepha kwaye oku kuthethwa ukuba inkululeko njengentetho.

Nantsi isikhokelo esihle kwisifundo.

Uninzi lwezabelo zeLuxux kwaye ezininzi zezixhobo ezinikezelwe kwiLuxal zivumela ukuba ulande, uhlele, ubujonge uze uphinde usasaze njengako

07 we-15

Ndiyakwazi ukuzama iLinux ngaphandle kokuBhala koNyaka?

Zama iiLux.

Uninzi lwabelo oluphezulu lwe-Linux lunikezela inguqu ekhompyutheni yesistimu yokusebenza enokuthi ikhutshwe ngqo kwi-USB drive.

Ngenye indlela, unokuzama iLinux ngaphakathi kumatshini okhethekileyo usebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Virtualbox.

Isisombululo sokugqibela kukuncedisa iiWindows kwi-Boot nge-Linux.

08 we-15

Ndingayenza njani i-Live Linux USB Drive?

Yakha iDrayivu yeDrive nge-Etcher.

Kukho uninzi lwezixhobo ezifumanekayo kwiWindows ezingasetyenziselwa ukudala idrayivu ye-Linux USB ehambayo kuquka:

Win32 Disk Imager
Rufus
Isifakeli se-USB
UNetbootin

Sebenzisa i-Distrowatch ukuze ufumane ukusasazwa kwaye uhambe kwikhasi lokuqala leprojekthi.

Cofa kwikhonkco yokukhuphela efanelekileyo ukukhuphela umfanekiso we-ISO (umfanekiso we disk) wokusabalalisa kwe-Linux.

Sebenzisa esinye sezixhobo ezingasentla ukubhalela umfanekiso we-ISO kwi-USB drive.

Kukho izikhokelo kwiziko eli sele likunceda:

09 we-15

Kulula Kangakanani Ukufaka iLinux?

Faka Ubuntu.

Lo mbuzo uphindela kwinqanaba 4. Ezinye izabelo zilula ukuyifaka kunezinye.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusasazwa kwe-Ubuntu kulula kakhulu ukufaka. Abanye bathanda i-OpenSUSE, i-Fedora, kunye ne-Debian yinto encinci ngakumbi kodwa ihamba phambili ngqo.

Ezinye izabelo zibonelela kunzima kakhulu kunjengeGentoo, Arch, kunye neSlackware.

Ukufaka iLinux ngokwalo kulula kunokuba usebenze ngokuphinda usebenze ngokubambisana kodwa usebenziso oluninzi lwe-Windows alukho nzima ukukwenza kwiimeko ezininzi.

Nazi izikhokelo ezimbalwa ukunceda:

10 we-15

Yintoni i-Desktop yendalo?

KwiiDesktop.

Ukukhetha ukusasazwa kwe-Linux akuyiyo kuphela into ekufuneka ukwenze kwaye ngokwenene ukhetha ukusasazwa inokwenene kusekelwe kwimo yendawo yedesktop ehambelana neemfuno zakho kwaye isetyenziswe kakuhle.

Imeko yendawo yekhompyutha iqoqo lezinto ezibonisa imifanekiso ebonakalayo njengomnye wokwenza amava asebenzisanayo.

Indawo yendawo yedesktop iya kubandakanya ezinye okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo:

umphathi we window
iipaneli
menus
amawijethi
umphathi wefayile
umkhangeli
kwiofisi yeofisi
umhleli wombhalo
Indawo yokukhwelela
umphathi wokubonisa

Umphathi wefestile unquma indlela iifestile zesicelo ngasinye eziziphatha ngayo.

Umphathi wokubonisa ubonisa indlela yokubonisa abasebenzisi ukungena kwi-distribution.

Iphaneli iqulethe imenyu, iimpawu zokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza kwezicelo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neetayiti yenkqubo.

Indawo ezidume kakhulu kwidesktophu zilandelayo:

Ubunye
GNOME
KDE
Cinnamon
UMATE
U khanyiso
Pantheon
XFCE
LXDE

Ukukhetha kwakho idesksi ngokuqhelekileyo kuza kwezinto ezikhethiweyo.

Ubumbano kunye ne-GNOME zifana ngokufana ne-launcher kunye ne-dashboard style interface yokuqalisa izicelo.

I KDE kunye neCinnamon yinto yendabuko kunye neepaneli kunye namamenyu.

I-XFCE, i-LXDE, kunye ne-MATE zikhanya kwaye zisebenza kangcono kwi-hardware endala.

I-Pantheon yindawo ecacileyo yendalo ye desktop kwaye iya kubhenela kubasebenzisi be-Apple.

11 we-15

Ngaba iWindows Hardware yami?

Ukuxhaswa kweMpahla yeLayibr

Intsomi eqhelekileyo kukuba i-hardware ezifana nabaphrinta, ama-scanners, kunye namadivaysi alalelwayo ayixhaswa yi-Linux.

Njengoko siqhubela phambili ngekhulu lama-21, i-hardware eninzi kwaye ixhaswa yiLuxux kwaye kaninzi iWindows apho uya kuzifumana uzingela abaqhubi.

Kukho ezinye iifowuni ezingaxhaswanga.

Le sayithi inokukunceda ukuba usebenze nokuba unayo naziphi izixhobo ezingasekelwe.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokuvavanya ukudala inguqu ephilayo yokuhambisa nokuzama i-hardware ngaphandle kokuya kwi-Linux.

12 kwi-15

Ndiyakwazi ukuqhuba iWindows software?

PlayOnLinux.

Kukho isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yiWINE eyenza sikwazi ukuqhuba izicelo zeWindows kodwa akusiyo yonke into esekelwayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo uza kufumana enye i-Linux yesicelo esinika iinkcukacha ezifanayo njenge-Windows application ozama ukuyisebenzisa.

Umbuzo kufuneka, ngoko, ukuba "Ngaba ndifuna ukuqhuba isofthiwe yeWindows?"

Ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba isofthiwe yeWindows khangela kwesi sikhokelo:

13 we-15

Ndingayifaka njani iWindows kwi-Linux?

Umphathi wePakethe yeSpaptic.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufaka isofthiwe usebenzisa i-Linux kukusebenzisa abaphathi bephakheji abandakanywe kwinkqubo.

Ukusebenzisa umphathi wephakheji (oko kukuthi i-software centre, i-synaptic, yum extender) awuyikufaka nje kuphela inguqulelo kwesoftware kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ungenayo i-malware.

Iiphakheji ezincinane kakhulu zeekhompyutha zifakwe ngokuya kwiwebhusayithi yomthengisi kunye nokucofa iqhosha lokukhuphela.

14 we-15

Ngaba Ndiyakwazi Ukubukela IiVidiyo zeeDlalo kwaye udlala i-MP3 Audio

Rhythmbox.

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yecodecs yecala, abaqhubi, amafonti kunye nezinye iifayile akusoloko zifumaneka kwibhokisi ngaphakathi kweLuxi.

Izabelo ezifana no-Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian kunye ne-OpenSUSE zifuna ukufaka isofthiwe esongeziweyo kunye nokongeza iifositories ezongezelelweyo.

Ezinye izabelo ezifana neLinux Mint ziquka yonke into ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufakwa kwesoftware kunye neziqhubi ezifanelekileyo zibhalwe kakuhle.

15 we-15

Ngaba Ndifuna Ukufunda Ukusebenzisa I-Terminal?

Screenfetch For Ubuntu.

Akukona mfuneko ukuba ufunde ukusebenzisa i-terminal.

Abasebenzisi beDeskrini abathanda ukuhlolisisa amajelo asekuhlaleni, ukubukela iividiyo, ukuphulaphula umculo kunye nokusebenzisa isofthiwe yeofisi ayinakukuchaphazela i-terminal.

Ezinye izabelo zenza kube lula kunabanye ukuba bangafune ulwazi lomgca wolawulo.

Kufanelekile ukufunda izinto ezisisiseko malunga nesiphelo njengoko inkxaso eninzi inikwa ngokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo njengolu luphawu oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izibonelelo.