I-RAID isisombululo esasungulwa ekuqaleni kwimakethi yomnatha womnatha njengendlela yokudala ukugcina okukhulu ngeendleko eziphantsi. Okubalulekileyo, kuya kuthatha ii-drive ezinzima zeendleko ezincinci kwaye uzibeke ndawonye ngomlawuli ukuba unikeze umbane owodwa ophezulu. Yilokho i-RAID imele: iindidi ezingaphezulu kweendleko ezingabizi okanye iidiski. Ukufezekisa oku, iifayile ezizodwa kunye nabalawuli abafunekayo ukulawula idatha ekwahlukana phakathi kweendiza ezahlukeneyo.
Ekugqibeleni, amandla okucwangcisa kwinkqubo yakho yekhompyutheni efanelekileyo avumela izixhobo ukuba zihlunge indlela yazo kwiimakethe zecomputer .
Ngoku kugcina i-RAID ingaba isofthiwe okanye i-hardware esekelwe , kwaye ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezintathu ezihlukileyo. Ezi zibandakanya amandla, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Ubunono obulula obuchaphazelekayo malunga naluphi uhlobo lwe-RAID usetyenziso olusetyenzisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ii-drive ezinzima zingaxhunyezwa kunye njengendlela yokuqhuba enye kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ukwenza i-drive eyiyo ephindwe kabini amandla. Ukusebenza esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo sokusebenzisa ukusekwa kwe-RAID kwikhompyutheni. Kwimizekelo efanayo yomqhubi omabini osebenziswa njenge-drive eyodwa, umlawuli angakwazi ukwahlula i-chunk kwiindawo ezimbini aze abeke elowo kulawo maqela kwi-drive eyodwa. Oku kuphumelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukusebenza kombhalo okanye ukufunda idatha kwinkqubo yokugcina. Ekugqibeleni, i-RAID ingasetyenziselwa ukukhuselwa kwedatha.
Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ezinye zeendawo kwiimoto zokubambisa ngokukodwa idatha ebhalwa kubini bobabili. Kwakhona, kunye nokuqhuba ezimbini sinokukwenza ukuze idatha ibhalelwe kuzo zombini. Ngaloo ndlela, xa umntu eqhuba ukusilela, enye inayo idatha.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zesigcino sokugcina ofuna ukuyibeka ndawonye kwinkqubo yakho yekhompyutheni, uya kusebenzisa enye yamazinga ahlukeneyo we-RAID ukufezekisa ezi ziinjongo ezintathu.
Kulabo abasebenzisa ukuqhuba kanzima kwikhompyutheni yabo , ukusebenza kuya kuba yinkxalabo engaphezu komthamo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abo basebenzise imimandla eqinileyo bayakufuna indlela yokuthabatha amancinci amancinci kwaye badibanise ndawonye ukuze benze idrayivu enye enkulu. Ngoko makhe sijonge kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-RAID angasetyenziswa kunye nekhompyutheni.
RAID 0
Le yinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu le-RAID kwaye ngokwenene alinikeli naluphi na uhlobo lwe-redundancy, kutheni libhekiswa kwinqanaba le-0. Okubalulekileyo, i- RAID 0 ithatha amabini amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwaye iwabeka ndawonye ukufakela i-drive enkulu. Oku kuphunyezwe ngeprosesa ebizwa ngokuba yi-striping. Iibhloko zeedatha ziphulwe kwii-data chunks kwaye zibhalwa ngokulandelelana kuzo zonke iifom. Oku kunika ukunyuka komsebenzi kuba idatha ingabhalwa ngokukodwa kumatshini ngumlawuli ngokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza isantya seenjini. Ngezantsi umzekelo wendlela oku kusebenza ngayo kwiidiski ezintathu:
| Drive 1 | Drive 2 | Drive 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vimba 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Vimba 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Vimba 3 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Ukuze i-RAID 0 isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwenkqubo, kufuneka uzame kwaye uhambelane nezixhobo. I-drive nganye kufuneka ibe namandla okugcina okufanayo kunye neempawu zokuqhuba.
Ukuba azinjalo, ngoko amandla aya kugqitywa kwiqela elincinane kunazo zonke zokuqhuba kunye nokusebenza ukuya kwezona zinto zihamba kancane kunokuba zimele ukuba zonke iimbalo zibhalwa ngaphambi kokufudukela kwisethi esilandelayo. Kuyakwazi ukusebenzisa ii-drivers ezingafaniyo kodwa kwimeko apho, ukusekwa kwe- JBOD kunokuba kusebenze ngakumbi.
I-JBOD imele nje iqela lokuqhuba kwaye ngokuyimpumelelo nje kuphela iqoqo leemoto ezikwazi ukufikelela ngokuzimela ngaphandle komnye kodwa zibonakalise njengendlela yokugcina enye yokugcina kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Oku kufumaneka ngokufumana idatha yeenkcukacha phakathi kokuqhuba. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-SPAN okanye i-BIG.
Ngempumelelo, usebenzo lubona bonke njengedisk enye kodwa iibhloko ziya kubhalwa kwi disk yokuqala uze uzalise, uze uqhubekele okwesibini, okwesithathu, njl. Oku kunceda ukongeza amandla angaphezulu kwikhompyutha ekhoyo kwaye kunye nokuqhutshwa kobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kodwa akuyi kunyuka ukusebenza komgca wokuqhuba.
Ingxaki enkulu kwi-RAID 0 kunye ne-JBOD setups kukukhuseleko kwedatha. Ekubeni unokuqhuba ezininzi, amathuba okukhohlakala kwedatha ayenyuka kuba unamaphuzu amaninzi okuhluleka . Ukuba kukho nayiphi na umqhubi we-RAID 0 ehlulekayo, yonke idatha ayifumaneki. Kwi-JBOD, ukungaphumeleli kwe-drive kuya kubangela ukulahleka kwanoma yiphi idatha eyenzeka kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukulungele ukuba abo bafuna ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokugcina ukuze babe nezinye iindlela zokulondoloza idatha yabo.
RAID 1
Le yinqanaba lokuqala lokwenyaniso lwe-RAID njengoko linikeza inqanaba elipheleleyo lokulungelelaniswa kwedatha egcinwe kwinqanaba. Oku kwenziwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mirroring. Ngokuchanekileyo, yonke idatha ebhaliweyo kwinkqubo ikopishwa kwi drive nganye kwinqanaba le-1. Le fomu ye-RAID iqhutshwa ngokubini nje ngeebini zokuqhuba njengoko udibaniso lwamanqaku angeke angeze nayiphi na enye amandla, enye i-redundancy. Ukuba bhetele unike umzekelo wale nto, nantsi ityati ebonisa indlela eya kubhalwa ngayo kwiibini ezimbini:
| Drive 1 | Drive 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Vimba 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vimba 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Vimba 3 | 3 | 3 |
Ukufumana ukusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni kwi-RAID 1 yokusetha, inkqubo iya kuphinda isebenzise ii-drivers ezihambelanayo ezabelana ngesakhono esifanayo kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenza.
Ukuba kusetyenziswe imoto engafanelekiyo, okokuba umlinganiselo wendawo uza kulingana nomqhubi omncinci wendlela yokusebenza kwinqanaba. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-terabyte enye kunye nesigxina kunye ne-terabyte drive enye yayisetyenziswe kwi-RAID 1, umthamo wolu hlobo luya kuba yi-terabyte enye.
Eli nqanaba le-RAID liphumelela kakhulu ekukhuselekeni kwedata kuba loo mabini amabini asebenza ngokufanayo. Ukuba enye yala mabini aqhubayo, enye inayo idatha epheleleyo yomnye. Ingxaki ngale ndlela yokuseta ngokuqhelekileyo ichonga ukuba yiyiphi imoto ehlulekayo kuba ngokuqhelekileyo ukugcinwa kwezinto kungenakufikeleleka xa enye yezo zibini ihluleka kwaye ayiyi kubuyiswa ngokufanelekileyo kuze kubekho ukushayela okutsha kufakwe endaweni yongaphumeleli kunye nokubuyiselwa inkqubo iqhutywa. Njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, akukho nzuzo yokusebenza kuyo yonke le nto. Enyanisweni, kuya kubakho ukulahleka komsebenzi ophantsi kokulawula komlawuli we-RAID.
RAID 1 + 0 okanye 10
Oku kukuhlanganiswa kancinci kwimiba ye-RAID 0 kunye ne-1 . Ngempumelelo, umlawuli uya kufuna i-minimum drives ezine ukwenzela ukuba asebenze kule mimoya kuba oko kuya kwenza ukwenza ezimbini ezimbini zokuqhuba. Iseti yokuqala yokuqhubela phambili yindawo edibeneyo kunye neenkcukacha zedatha phakathi kwezi zibini. Iseti yesibini yokuqhuba iqhutywe kodwa imiselwe ukuba ibe yinto yokuqala. Oku kubonelela ngokuphindaphinda kwedatha kunye nokuzuza komsebenzi. Ngezantsi umzekelo wendlela idatha eya kubhalwa ngayo kwiimoto ezine usebenzisa lolu hlobo lokusetha:
| Drive 1 | Drive 2 | Drive 3 | Drive 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vimba 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Vimba 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Vimba 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
Ukunyaniseka, oku akuyona indlela enqwenelekayo ye-RAID yokusebenza kwikhompyuter. Nangona libonelela ngokunyusa ukusebenza kwento ayikho into enjalo ngenxa yenani elikhulu lolawulo kwi-system. Ukongezelela, yinkcitho enkulu yendawo njengoko i-drive array iya kuphela kwisiqingatha sobunzima bawo bonke abaqhubiweyo. Ukuba kusetyenziswe imoto engafanelekiyo, ukusebenza kuya kugqitywa kwinqanaba elingaphantsi komqhubi kunye nomthamo oza kuphindwa kabini idrayivu encinci.
RAID 5
Le yona nqanaba eliphezulu le-RAID elingafumaneka kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha zabathengi kwaye yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokwandisa amandla kunye nokubuyisela. Ifezekisa ngoku ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubamba idatha kunye nobunye. Ubuncinane beemoto ezintathu kufuneka ukuba wenze oku njengoko idatha ikwahlukana ibe yimivimbo kwiqela elithile kodwa okokuba enye ibhloko elandelwe umgca ifakwe eceleni. Ukucacisa oku bhetele, vumela kuqala ukhangele indlela idatha ingabhalwa ngayo kwiimoto ezintathu:
| Drive 1 | Drive 2 | Drive 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vimba 1 | 1 | 2 | p |
| Vimba 2 | 3 | p | 4 |
| Vimba 3 | p | 5 | 6 |
Ngokwenene, umlawuli we-drive uthatha i-chunk yedata ebhaliweyo kuzo zonke iifayile kwi-array. Idatha yokuqala yedatha ifakwe kwi-drive yokuqala kunye neyesibini ifakwe kwisibini. Umqhubi wesithathu ufumana ubuncinane bebakala elincinane ukuthelekisa idatha yedatha ebomini yokuqala nakwesibini. Kwi-math binary, u-0 nje no-1. Inkqubo ye-math boolean yenzelwe ukuqhathanisa iibits. Ukuba ezi zibini zidibanisa ukuya kwinani (0 + 0 okanye 1 + 1) ngoko ibinzana liza kuba yinto. Ukuba ezo zibini zidibanisa ukuya kwinani elingavumelekanga (1 + 0 okanye 0 + 1) ke ubuncinane bebakala buya kuba nye. Isizathu salo kukuba ukuba enye yee-drivers ihluleka, umlawuli angakwazi ukufumana oko idilesi engekhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba enye idrayivu iyahluleka, ishiya nje ukuqhuba ezimbini kunye neyesithathu, kwaye ukuqhuba ezimbini ziphethe ibhanki yedatha enye kwaye iqhube ezintathu zinebhanti yecandelo lomnye, kwaye ibhanki yedatha elahlekileyo kwi-drive enye kufuneka ibe yinto.
Oku kunikeza ukulungelelaniswa kwedatha okusebenzayo evumela yonke idatha ukuba ibuyiselwe kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kwe-drive. Ngoku ngokubaninzi beeseti zabasebenzisi, ukuhluleka kuya kubangela ukuba inkqubo ayikho ngenxa yokuba ayikho kwindawo esebenzayo. Ukuze ufumane inkqubo isebenze, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha i-drive engaphumeleli nge-drive entsha. Emva koko inkqubo yokuvuselela idatha kufuneka yenziwe kwinqanaba lomlawuli oza kwenza umsebenzi ojikelezayo we-boolean ukuphinda abuyele idatha kwi-drive ekhoyo. Oku kungathatha ixesha elithile, ngokukodwa ukuqhuba amandla amakhulu kodwa ubuncinane buyatholakala.
Ngoku ke amandla omhlaba we-RAID 5 axhomekeke kwinani labaqhubi kwi-array kunye namandla abo. Kwakhona, uluhlu lunqunywe ngumqhubi omncinci wendlela yokusebenza kwi-array ngoko kulungele ukusebenzisa ii-drive ezifanayo. Isithuba sokugcina esilungileyo silingana nenani lezinto zokuqhuba ngaphandle kwexesha eliphantsi kwamandla. Ngoko ngokwemigangatho yemigangatho, (n-1) * I-Capacitymin . Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo i-2GB imoto emithathu kwi-RAID 5, uwonke-mandla uza kuba ngu-4GB. Olunye uhlobo lwe-RAID olu-5 olusebenzisa ii-2GB zokuqhuba ziza kuba ne-6GB yamandla.
Ngoku ukusebenza kwe-RAID 5 kunzima kakhulu kunenye yezinye iifayile ze-RAID ngenxa yenkqubo ye-boolean okumelwe yenziwe ukuze kudalwe ubuncinane xa idatha ibhalwa kwiimoto. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kombhali kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-RAID 0 kunye nenombolo efanayo yokuqhuba. Funda ukusebenza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akahluphekanga kangangoko kubhaliweyo kuba inkqubo ye-boolean ayenziwanga kuba ifunda idatha echanekileyo esuka kwiimoto.
I-Big Issue nayo yonke i-RAID Setups
Siye saxoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuxhamla kwimiba ethile ye-RAID engasetyenziselwa kwiikhompyuthile zobuqu kodwa kukho enye inkinga abantu abaninzi abangaziqondiyo xa kuvela ekudaleni i-RAID yokusekela i-drive. Ngaphambi kokusekwa kwe-RAID ingasetyenziselwa, okokuqala kufuneka yakhiwe yesoftware ye-hardware okanye kwisofthiwe yesistimu yokusebenza. Oku kuqalise ukufomatha okukhethiweyo okufunekayo ukulandelela kakuhle indlela idatha iza kubhalwa ngayo kwaye ifunde kwi-drive.
Oku kusenokungathi ingxaki nje kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuba utshintshe indlela ofuna ulungelelwano lwakho lwe-RAID olulungisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, zithi uphantsi kweedatha kwaye ufuna ukufaka i-drive eyongezelelweyo ye-RAID 0 okanye i-RAID 5. Kwiimeko ezininzi, awuyi kukwazi ukuqala ukuhlaziya kwakhona uluhlu lwe RAID oluya kususa nayiphi na idatha egcinwe kulezo zixhobo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ulondoloze ngokutsha idatha yakho, faka i-drive entsha, ulungelelanise i-drive yoshicilelo, ifomathi eqhuba i-array, uze ubuyisele kwakhona idatha yakho yangaphambili kwi-drive. Oku kunokuba yinkqubo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, qiniseka ukuba unesicwangciso esilungiselelwe ngendlela oyifunayo okokuqala.