Ukuguquka kweMandla okuLawula: i-HEPS, i-EPS, kunye ne-Steer-by-Wire
Ulawulo lwamandla kagesi luntshontsha, kodwa iteknoloji ekwakhiwe kuyo iye yahlala ixesha elide. Enyanisweni, ulawulo lwamandla luye lwajikeleza malunga nokuba nje imoto, kunye namaloli amakhulu afakwe kwiinkqubo zokulandela emva kwe-1903, kodwa ayizange yenziwe njengendlela ye-OEM kude kube ngama-1950. I-teknoloji iyabonakala namhlanje ngenxa yokufakwa kwayo njengezixhobo eziqhelekileyo phantse kuzo zonke iimoto ezintsha kunye namaloli, kodwa yahlala ingenakuzikhethela kwiimoto ezincinci, ezisezantsi ezingenayo kwiminyaka yama-1980 neye-1990.
Injongo yamandla okulawula kukunciphisa inani lemigudu elithathayo ukuba umqhubi ahambe. Oku kwakuqhutywe ngokwemvelo ngamandla omzimba, onokuveliswa yipompo eqhutywe ngebhanti evimba ukujikeleza kwenjini. Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji yenzeke ngokukhawuleza kokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuphuculwa kwindlela okokuqala kuboniswa njengendlela ye-OEM kuma-1950.
Uphuhliso oluqala lokuqala kumlawuli wamandla omdabu oqhelekileyo obonayo nayiphi na uhlobo lokuphakanyiswa kwamanzi kwinqanaba le-electro-hydraulic power. Nangona kunjalo, ezo teknoloji ziye zaxhaswa ngokutsha ngombane. Nangona i-electronic power direction inikezwa ngabaninzi be-automakers, ezinye i-OEMs zisebenza kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba nge-wire njengoko zitshintshela kwiimoto ezihamba ngee-drive .
I-Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering
I-electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) iteknoloji ye-hybrid esebenza njengamanzi olawulo lwamanzi. Umehluko phakathi kobuchwepheshe bobuncwane bubunjani kwindlela uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic olwenziwe ngayo. Apho iinkqubo zendabuko zivelisa uxinzelelo ngepompo eqhutywe ngebhande, iisombululo zogesi-electro-hydraulic usetyenziso zisebenzisa ama-motors kagesi. Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu ze-electro-hydraulic power direction kukuba ipompo yamandla ayiyi kulahlekelwa amandla xa injini ivalwe, yinto ebonakalayo yokuba ezinye iinqwelo eziphathekayo zisebenzise.
Ulawulo lwamandla oMbane
Ngokungafani neenkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye ne-electro-hydraulic, ulawulo lwamandla kagesi (i-EPS) alisebenzisi nayiphi na uhlobo loxinzelelo lwamanzi ukubonelela ngoncedo. I-teknoloji i-elektroniki ngokugcwele, ngoko isebenzisa i-motor motor ukubonelela ngoncedo. Ekubeni akukho mandla alahlekileyo akhiqiza aze adlulisele amandla okusebenza kwamanzi, ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba i-hydraulic okanye i-electro-hydraulic steering.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile ye-EPS, imoto yombane ifakwe kwikholam yokuhamba okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwiimoto zokuhamba. Izixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukucacisa ukuba kuyimfuneko kangakanani amandla okulawula, kwaye ke isetyenziselwa ukuba umqhubi kuphela asebenzise inani elincinci lomzamo wokuguqula isondo. Ezinye iinkqubo zinezicwangciso ezichanekileyo ezichaseneyo nomlinganiselo wokuncedisa ukunikezelwa okunikezelwayo, kwaye abanye basebenze kwikota eguqukileyo.
Uninzi lwama-OEM lunikeza i-EPS kwisinye okanye ezininzi zazo.
I-Steer-by-Wire
Nangona iiprogram zokulawula amandla zombane zisusa iqela le-hydraulic ngenkathi ligcina ukuxhunyezwa kwendabuko, i-steer-by-wire yangempela iyakunqumla ukudibanisa. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ama-motors kagesi ukuguqula iivili, iinzwa ukuba zichonge kangakanani amandla okulawula ukuba afake isicelo, kunye ne-steering-feeling emoulators ukunika ingxelo engenayo kumqhubi.
I-teer-wire-wire technology isetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezithile ezisemgangathweni, izixhobo zokukhwela, i-front-end loaders, kunye nezinye izicelo ezifanayo ngexesha elithile, kodwa kusekho entsha kwihlabathi lezimoto. Abakhiqizi abanjengoGM kunye ne-Mazda baye benza imoto engqalileyo yokuqhuba i-drive-by-wire esikhathini esidlulileyo ukuba ukudibanisa kwenkqubo yokudityaniswa kwemveli, kodwa ezininzi ze-OEM ziye zagcina iteknoloji ngaphandle kwemifanekiso yokuvelisa.
UNissan wamemezela ekupheleni konyaka ka-2012 ukuba iya kuba yi-OEM yokuqala ukunikezela iteknoloji kwimodeli yokuvelisa, kwaye inkqubo yayo yokuLawula ngokuzimeleyo yaziswa ngonyaka wama-2014. Nangona kunjalo, loo nkqubo yayigcina izigcawu zesicwangciso somgaqo wendabuko. Ukuxhamla kunye nekholomu kwakusesekho, nangona bebethelelwe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ingcamango engemva kwalohlobo lwenkqubo kukuba ukuba inkqubo ye-steer-by-wire ihluleka, i-coupler inokubambisana ukuze inikwe umqhubi amandla okusebenzisa ukuxhunyaniswa kwemishini ukuhamba.
Kanye kunye nezinye iikhompyutheni zogxilongo, njenge- brake-by-wire kunye ne- electronic throttle controls , i-steer-by-wire iyinxalenye ephambili kwiinqwelo zokuzilawula.