Ngokumalunga neCIDR kunye neeNkcukacha ze-IP
I-CIDR isingqamaniso se-Classless Inter-Domain Routing. I-CIDR yaphuhliswa ngawo-1990 njengesiko eliqhelekileyo lokuhamba kwendlela yokuthungatha inethiwekhi kwi-intanethi.
Kutheni usebenzisa i-CIDR?
Ngaphambi kokuba iteknoloji ye-CIDR iphuhliswe, ii-routers ze-intanethi zilawulwe kwindlela yokuthungatha inethiwekhi esekelwe kwiklasi yee- adesi . Kule nkqubo, ixabiso ledilesi ye-IP limisela i-subnetwork yayo ngenjongo yokuhamba.
I-CIDR yinto ehlukile kwi- subnetting ye-IP yangasese . Iququzelela iilesi ze-IP kwi-subnetworks ezizimeleyo zexabiso leedilesi ngokwazo. I-CIDR yaziwa nangokuthi yi-supernetting, njengoko ivumela ngokugqithiseleyo amanqamana amaninzi ukuba aqokelelwe ndawonye ukuhamba kwintengiso.
I-CIDR Notation
I-CIDR ichaza uluhlu lwedilesi ye-IP isebenzisa inhlanganisela yedilesi ye-IP kunye ne-mask yomnxibelelwano. Ukwaziswa kwe-CIDR isebenzisa ifomathi elandelayo:
- xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n
apho n inani lenani (ezisekhohlo) '1' kwiimaski. Umzekelo:
- 192.168.12.0/23
isebenzise umgca wenethiwekhi 255.255.254.0 kwinethiwekhi ye-192.168, ukususela ngo-192.168.12.0. Olu qwa laselo lubonisa uluhlu lweedilesi 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255. Ukuqhathaniswa nokunxibelelana kwee-class based-based, 192.168.12.0/23 ibonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamanqwanqwa amabini e-Class C 192.168.12.0 kunye no-192.168.13.0 ngamnye one-mask subnet ye-255.255.255.0. Ngamanye amazwi:
- 192.168.12.0/23 = 192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24
Ukongezelela, i-CIDR isekela isabelo sedilesi ye-intanethi kunye nendlela yokuthumela umyalezo ozimeleyo kwiklasi yemveli yeli dilesi yekheli le-IP. Umzekelo:
- 10.4.12.0/22
umele uluhlu lweedilesi 10.4.12.0 - 10.4.15.255 (umgca wenethiwekhi 255.255.252.0). Oku kunika ixabiso leenethiwekhi ezine zeKlasi C ngaphakathi kwendawo ephezulu kakhulu yeClassi A.
Ngezinye amaxesha ubona ukuqwalaselwa kwe-CIDR kusetyenziswe nakwiinkonzo ezingekho kwi-CIDR. Ngaphandle kwe-CIDR IP subnetting, ke, ixabiso le-n likhawulelwe kwi-8 (iCandelo A), 16 (iCandelo B) okanye i-24 (iCandelo C). U mzekelo:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/16
- 192.168.3.0/24
Indlela iCIDR isebenza ngayo
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-CIDR kufuna inkxaso ethile ifakwe ngaphakathi kwimiqathango yeendlela zokunxibelelana. Xa kuqala kuphunyezwa kwi-intanethi, iiprotokholi zendlela eziphambili ezifana ne-BGP (iProventi ye-Border Gateway) kunye ne-OSPF (Vula i-Shortest Way Path First) yahlaziywa ukuxhasa i-CIDR. Iiprotokholi ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezingathandekiyo zokuhamba ngeendlela ezingenakho ukuxhasa i-CIDR.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CIDR kudinga ukuba iinqununu zethungelwano zibandakanyeke ukuba zidibanise-zidibene kunye-kwindawo edilesi. I-CIDR ayikwazi, umzekelo, ubuninzi be-192.168.12.0 kunye no-192.168.15.0 kwindlela enye ngaphandle kokuba idilesi ephakathi kunye ne -14.
I- WAN ye-intanethi okanye i-backbone routers-ezo zilawula i-traffic phakathi kwabanikezeli ngeNkonzo ye-intanethi -zonke zixhasa ngokubanzi i-CIDR ukufezekisa injongo yokugcina indawo yekheli le-IP. Ngokuqhelekileyo abahamba ngeendlela zokuthenga abathengi abancedisi i-CIDR, ngoko ke amanxibelelwano abucala aquka amanxibelelwano asekhaya nakwiinkonzo ezincinci zoluntu ( ii-LANs ) abavumi ukuziqesha .
CIDR kunye ne-IPv6
I-IPv6 isebenzisa iteknoloji yokuhamba nge-CIDR kunye neenkcukacha ze-CIDR ngendlela efanayo ne-IPv4. I-IPv6 yenzelwe ukuthetha ngokungaqhelekanga.