Abantwana bathanda ikhowudi xa befunda ngendlela ehlekisayo
Iprogram yekhompyutheni yinto efunekayo kunye neendlela ezinokubangela imali, ngoko ke le mihla abazali banethemba lokuba abantwana babo bakhula baya kuba ngabacwangcisi beprogram. Ukuba ufuna ukufundisa abantwana bakho indlela yokwenza, uqala phi? Zama ezimbalwa zeelwimi zokuncedisa abantwana kunye nezixhobo kuloluhlu.
01 ngo 07
Khangela
Ukukhangela ulwimi lwenkqubo yamahhala yolwimi oluphuhliswe yi-MIT ye- Lifelong Kindergarten Lab . Ulwimi lwamahhala luncediswa ngokuqalisa izifundo, imiyalelo yekharityhulam yabazali, kunye noluntu oluqinileyo lomsebenzisi. Kukho namakhadi ongawasebenzisa ukufunda i-Scratch concepts concepts away from computer.
Ukuqala isebenzisa isikhombiso-sakhiwo esibonakalayo sokwakha ukwakha amava amaninzi (kunye nabazali). Ubeka ndawonye iinkqubo zenkqubo, ezifana nezenzo, imicimbi kunye nabaqhubi.
Nganye ibhloko inomfanekiso ovumela ukuba udibaniswe nento ehambelanayo. "Phinda udibanise," umzekelo, zifakwe njengecala "U" ukukwazisa ukuba kufuneka ubeke iibhloko phakathi kokuqala kwaye uyeke ukuvala.
Ukukhangela kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye nemidlalo isebenzisa imifanekiso ebengaphambili kunye nabalinganiswa okanye ngokulayisha ezintsha. Ukukhangela kunokusetyenziswa kunye nathi ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe- intanethi . Abantwana banako ukwabelana ngokudalwa kwabo kwi-online ye-Scratch inthanethi.
Ngenxa yokuba u-Scratch ukhululekile kwaye uxhaswa kakuhle, yenye yeengcebiso zokuqala zeenkqubo zokuncedisa abantwana, kwaye kulula ukubona impembelelo yoBume kwezinye ezininzi iilwimi ezinokwakheka kwezilwanyana ezidweliswe apha, njengeBlockly.
Amaxesha aphakanyisiweyo: 8-16
Izidingo: Ikhompyutheni eqhuba iMac, Windows, okanye iLuxu ngakumbi »
02 we-07
Blockly
I-Blockly ukulungiswa kwe- Google yeSwatch usebenzisa iibhloko zakhiwo zokungena ezifanayo, kodwa inokukhupha ikhowudi kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokufunda. Okwangoku, oku kuquka iJavasScript, i-Python, i-PHP, iLua ne-Dart. Oku kwenza iBlockly umboniso obonakalayo kunokuba nje ulwimi lwenkqubo yobubele.
Enyanisweni, uyakwazi ukubona ikhowudi ecaleni kwesikrini sakho njengoko udibanisa iibhloko kunye, kwaye unokutshintsha iilwimi zokufunda kwi-fly ukuze ubone umehluko kwi-syntax yolwimi kwinkqubo efanayo. Oku kwenza ukuba iBlockly ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokufundisa ikhowudi kwixesha elide elibanzi, kuquka nabantwana abadala kunye nabasemdala abangenakuyithanda ikati elincinci kunye neethathu zeCraw.
Ukuba oku kuzwakala ngathi kuya kuba yinguqu emangalisayo evela kwi-Scratch, i-Google, eqinisweni, isebenza noMIT ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo seSkripthi esekelwe kwinqanaba leBlockly.
I-Blockly iphinda isetyenziswe njenge-backbone ye-Android App Inventor, engasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa iinkonzo zokusebenza ze-Android. I-MIT ithathe ulawulo phezu kwezinto ezazisetyenziswa njengeprojekthi yeGoogle.
Ngelishwa, i-Blockly ayilwanga ngokupheleleyo njenge-Scratch-kodwa, kwaye akukho zifundo ezininzi ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, sandisa ixesha eliphakanyisiweyo okanye sikisela ukuxhaswa kwabazali okwandisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Blockly ibheka ukuba nekamva elihle njengendawo efanelekileyo yokwenza iprogram yabantu bonke ubudala.
Ixesha eliphakamileyo : 10+
Iimfuneko: Ikhomputha eqhuba iWindows, Mac OS, okanye iLuxu ngakumbi »
03 we-07
Alice
U-Alice uyisilungiselelo se-3-D esilungelelweyo esilungiselelwe ukufundisa iingcamango zeelwimi ezijoliswe kumsebenzi njengeC ++. Isebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo yokwakha ibhloko ukuvumela abantwana ukuba benze imidlalo okanye imifanekiso ngeenkqubo zekhamera, imizekelo ye-3-D kunye neefestile.
Ikhonkco lokudonsa kunye nokulahla kunye neqhosha "ukudlala" linokuba yinto encinci yokudideka kubafundi abathile kunokuba ukhonkco oluxubileyo lweSkratch. Iinkqubo, okanye "iindlela" e-Alice, zingaguqulelwa kwi -IDE ye-Java njenge-NetBeans ukwenzela ukuba abafundi beprogram bakwazi ukwenza utshintsho kwi-block interface yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ukuya kulwimi oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo.
U-Alice uphuhliswa yiCarnegie-Melon University. Iwebsite ingabonakali, kodwa inkqubo isaphuhliswa kwaye iphandwa.
Qaphela: ukuba ufaka uAic kwi-Mac, kufuneka uvumele ukufakela ngokuya kwiiNqweno zoKhetho: Ukhuseleko kunye noBucala: Vumela iifayili zilandwe ukusuka: Kuphi na. (Unokutshintsha izicwangciso zakho zokhuseleko xa ukufakela kuqediwe.)
Ixesha eliphakamileyo : 10+
Iimfuneko: Ikhompyuter isebenzayo iMac, Windows, okanye iLuxu ngakumbi »
04 we-07
I-Swift Playgrounds
I-Swift ilwimi yolwimi esetyenziselwa ukwakha iOS apps. I-Swift Playgrounds ngumdlalo we-iPad owenzelwe ukufundisa abantwana ukuba baqalise njani inkqubo kwi-Swift. Le nto ikhuphela mahala kwi-Apple kwaye ayifuni naluphi na ulwazi olungaphambili lwekhowudi.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luqulethe ezininzi zezifundo kwiimilayezo ezahlukeneyo ze-Swift ezenzelwe, kulo mzekelo, ukuhambisa uphawu olubizwa ngokuba ngu-Byte kunye nehlabathi le-3-D. Nangona kungekho nolwazi lwenkqubo olufunekayo, abantwana bafuna ukwazi ukuba bafunde njani abaqeqeshi kwaye banokuqhubeka nokuxazulula iingxaki. Ikhowudi yokudonsa kunye ne-drop-down igxotha i-typos, kodwa i-Swift Playgrounds ayisebenzisi i-block interlocking block interface.
Xa umntwana wakho enekhono kwi-Swift Playgrounds, angaqala ukuphuhlisa kwi-Swift.
Ixesha eliphakamileyo : 10+
Izidingo : I-iPad ngakumbi »
05 we-07
Iwele
Kuyabantwana abanomdla kakhulu ekwenzeni imidlalo kunye nokuxelela amabali kwaye bakhungatheke ngeenkcukacha zobugcisa beprogram, zama i-Twine.
I-twine yinto ye-free-storying application ekhululekile engabonakaliyo esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi babo bonke ubudala, kubandakanywa nenani elikhulu labantu abadala kunye nootitshala. Nge-Twine akudingeki ufunde nayiphi na ikhowudi. Kunokuba bafundise abasebenzisi indlela yokwenza ikhowudi, ibafundisa indlela yokwenza nokubonisa imidlalo engabikhoyo kunye namabali.
Amabali amacwecwe aneemibhalo zemiyalezo kunye nemifanekiso, njengewebhusayithi. I-interface yolungiselelo ibonisa amaphepha axhunyiwe, nganye leyo ingatshintshwa ngombhalo, izixhumanisi kunye nemifanekiso. Isebenza ngokukhethekileyo "ukhethe i-adventure yakho" uhlobo lomdlalo apho umdlali ngamnye ukhetha ukuya kwisebe elitsha lebali.
Ngeli xesha le app ayiyi kufundisa abantwana ukudibanisa i-encoding, ifundisa ezininzi zokucwangcisa nezakhono zokuyila ezibalulekileyo kubayila bemidlalo kunye nabadlali beendaba. Insiza ixhaswa kakhulu ngenkxaso yeeveki, iifundo, kunye noluntu olusebenzayo loluntu.
Unokwenza iindaba ze-Twine kwi-intanethi nge-app esebenziweyo okanye ukhuphela i-app yokuhlela ngaphandle kwe-intanethi.
Ixesha eliphakanyisiweyo : 12+ (abafundi abanamandla batusa)
Izidingo: Windows, Mac OS, okanye iLuxu ngakumbi »
06 we-07
LEGO Mindstorm Robotics
Enye indlela yokufunda kwinkqubo kukujonga i-robotics. Abantwana abaninzi basabela kwingcamango yeprogram izinto ezisebenza kweli hlabathi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekethi ze-robotics kunye neelwimi ongazisebenzisayo ukuba uzilungiselele, kodwa inkqubo ye-LEGO Mindstorms inomdla omnye woluntu olona lukhulu loluntu kunye ne-app-friendly friendly programming app.
Unokukhupha indawo yenkqubo yokuzikhethela, kodwa uya kufuneka ufikelele kwiikiti ze-LEGO Mindstorms ukuze wenze inkqubo iqhube. Oko akuthethi ukuba kufuneka uthenge enye. Ezinye izikolo kunye neelayibrari zikarhulumente zinemikethi efumanekayo ekusebenziseni abafundi, okanye unokuba ufuna ukufumana iNkulumbano yokuqala ye-LEGO kufuphi nawe.
I-software ye-LEGO EV3 yokwenza iprogram ingaqhutywa kwiipilisi kunye nekhompyutheni kwaye isebenzisa isakhiwo-sakhiwo (i-LEGO block), njengoko i-Scratch kunye ne-Blockly, nangona ingu ye-LEGO iqala ukwakha inkqubo ngokubanzi kwaye ikhangeleke ngokufana ne-chart-flow chart . Abafundi benza ukudibanisa kwezenzo ezahlukeneyo, iziguquko, kunye neziganeko zokusebenzisa i-LEGO Mindstorms indalo. Ulwimi lwenkqubo lulula ngokwaneleyo kubantwana abancinci ngelixa besengumngeni kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala (siye safumana isiganeko sohlelo lwe-LEGO esixhaswa yiGoogle kwinkomfa ye-tech ejoliswe kubaprogram.)
Ukongezelela kwi-LEGO Mindstorms programming environment, i-LEGO isebenzisa i-Linux kernal evulekileyo ekwazi ukuguqulwa kwaye yenziwe ngeelwimi ezininzi zeprogram njengePython okanye iC ++.
Iimfuno zobuchwepheshe: Ulwimi lwenkqubo ye-EV3 isebenza kwi-Mac, i-Windows, i-Android kunye ne-iOS.
Ukuqhuba iiprogram (kunokuba nje ubenqumlekise) enye okanye ngaphezulu kweerobhothi ze LEGO EV3. (Iiprobhothi ezifikelela ezintandathu zibe zikhethiweyo-zibophelelwe iinkqubo ezinzima.)
Ixesha eliphakanyisiweyo: 10+ (abantwana abaselula banokusebenzisa oku ngongamela ngaphezulu)
Izidingo: Ikhompyutheni eqhuba iMac OS okanye iWindows okanye ithebhulethi esebenzisa i- Android okanye iOS . Kaninzi "
07 we-07
Kodu
I-Kodu yinto yohlelo lokusebenza lweprogram esuka kwi-Microsoft eyenzelwe i-Xbox 360. I-Windows version ayikhululekile, kodwa i-Xbox 360 ingu $ 4.99. Abantwana bangasebenzisa insiza ukuhlola nokuyila imidlalo kumhlaba we-3-D.
Umzobo ocacileyo we-Kodu ubandakanyeka, kwaye iprogram evela kwi-Xbox ingenziwa yenziwe ngokupheleleyo kumlawuli wezemidlalo. Ukuba unayo i-hardware eyayixhasa, i-Kodu ikhulile kodwa ikhethileyo.
Ngelishwa, akukho Xbox One version ye-Kodu, kwaye uphuhliso oluzayo lukhangeleka. Nangona kunjalo, iinguqu ze-Xbox kunye ne-Windows ziqulunqwe ngokupheleleyo, yingakho kuphela "ulwimi" lokubhala ulwimi lolwimi kuloluhlu.
Ixesha eliphakanyisiweyo : 8-14
Izidingo: Windows 7 kunye nezantsi okanye i-Xbox 360
Ezinye iinkonzo zeCoding Resources
Ukuba akukho lunye lwalezi ziilwimi lubonakala lufanelekile, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna ukuzama ngaphezulu, jonga kwiiNgcaciso eziLungileyo zokuFunda kwiKhowudi kwi-Intanethi .
Kubantwana abakhulileyo, unokufuna ukuza nje ngeelwimi eziqhelekileyo ezifana nePython, Java, okanye iRuby. Ayikho ulwimi lolwimi olufunekayo. I-Khan Academy kunye neCodecademy zombini zibonelela ngee-online tutorials zamahhala zokuqalisa ngeprogram. Kaninzi "